RU2117838C1 - Method of and device for transformation of motion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines, compressors, pumps; variable ratio mechanisms for relative transformation of uniform and nonuniform motion. SUBSTANCE: transformation of motion is effected by bringing one body into engagement with the other through surfaces part of which is formed by cylinder and/or cone and having the points arranged as different distances from axis of rotation. By rotating one of bodies, motion is transmitted to other body with provision of return displacements of other body or part of body connected to rotating body. EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of device, reduced labour input in manufacture. 18 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, to methods and structures for converting or transmitting movement, and also for obtaining the necessary movements in various devices of hydraulic, pneumatic engines, internal combustion engines (ICE), pumps, flow meters of various types: with swinging blades, pistons, etc. item, in particular in rotary.

Characteristics of analogues
A known method of transmission in order to obtain a variable gear ratio [1], which consists in the use of non-circular gears.

 A known mechanism design with a variable gear ratio [1], containing two non-circular cylindrical gears interacting with each other.

 A disadvantage of the known effect and designs is the use of gears difficult to manufacture.

Prototype
A device for converting motion [2], containing a connection of at least two bodies.

Prototype criticism
A disadvantage of the known design is that the gear ratio varies stepwise, and the manufacture of sector wheels, compared with conventional round wheels, is more time-consuming. The disadvantage is that it is impossible to use wheels of this form in chain, belt and other gears.

The purpose of the invention
The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of gears, as well as reducing the complexity of manufacturing. Improving the efficiency lies in the possibility of using wheels of different sizes from each other, including diameters, which will increase or decrease the gear ratio. The ability to transmit movement over a long distance through a chain, belt or other transmission will also increase efficiency. The increase in reliability will be ensured by the absence of a spasmodic change in the gear ratio, which will exclude the mechanism overload.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The method of converting movement is that a round body (gear, sprocket, pulley, etc.) is fixed on the shaft eccentrically and introduced into interaction with another body. The interaction can be carried out either directly, for example, a gear with a gear, or through an intermediate element or elements, for example, an asterisk with an asterisk in a chain transmission through a chain.

 For example, during rotation of a gear eccentrically mounted on the shaft, its various points on the radial surface will describe the trajectories in the form of circles of various diameters corresponding to the removal of these points from the axis or point of rotation of the gear. If you connect another gear to this surface and ensure their constant interaction, while creating conditions for the return (translational, rocking, rotary) movement of this gear, then the eccentric gear running onto the second will move it away from its center of rotation, and then, running away , push her to him. Thereby, motion will be transmitted to the second gear, without breaking the power flow, from various places of the first gear, which have different distances from the axis of rotation of the latter. As a result, movement from places having different radii of rotation relative to the axis on which the first gear is fixed will be transmitted to the second gear. Receiving movement from those points of the first gear that pass a different path (length) in one revolution, the second gear will rotate faster, then slower, in proportion to the path that the point of the first gear passes, with which the second gear is currently interacting. Ultimately, when the eccentric gear rotates evenly, the other interacting with it will rotate unevenly and vice versa, if the second gear rotates evenly, then the eccentrically fixed rotate unevenly.

 A gear, a pulley, an asterisk or another body can have coaxial surfaces (dividing, the surface of the peaks, the surface of the depressions, radial, etc.) that differ or do not differ from the surface of a circular figure (cylinder, cone, etc.).

 If it is necessary to obtain motion with a certain law of change in speed, then you can apply one non-circular and one round element. A non-circular gear may have coaxial surfaces that differ from the surface of a circular cylinder, which can be made in the form of surfaces, the formation of which can be an ellipse or a figure of a different shape, with which the necessary law of motion will be achieved.

 Using various diameters of eccentrically and non-eccentrically fixed wheels, it is possible to obtain a reduction or increase in the gear ratio with a simultaneous change in the law of motion. In essence, this design can be made in the form of a crank-toothed, crank-chain or crank-belt mechanism.

 As a result, using a round wheel with a shifted center (axis) of rotation or a pivot point, various parts of its working part (surface) will pass relative to a fixed point at different speeds, while moving away from it, then approaching it. If, with an eccentrically fixed wheel (gear), another body (gear) is brought into interaction (meshing), providing their constant connection and enabling the reciprocating (reciprocating, rocking) movement of the attached gear, the latter will rotate at a variable speed, while while the eccentric gear will have a constant speed. Transmission can be carried out both with increasing and decreasing gear ratio, i.e. wheels can have different sizes.

 In order to change the eccentricity of any wheel at the right time, it is performed by covering the eccentric, turning which the eccentricity is changed.

 In FIG. 1 shows a motion conversion device.

 In FIG. 2 shows a side view of the device.

Description of the structure in a static state
The motion conversion device consists of a wheel 1, eccentrically mounted on the shaft 2, and a gear 3 interacting with it. Gear 4 is rigidly fixed to one shaft 5 with gear 3. The shaft 5 with gears 3, 4 interacts through the bearing 6 with the protrusion 7 of the disk 8, which is fixed through the bearing 9 on the wheel 1. At the same time, the shaft 5 is connected through bearings 10, 11 by a link 12 with a shaft 13 on which the gear 14 is fixed.

Construction work
With a uniform rotation of the wheel 1, the gear 3 constantly interacting with it will rotate unevenly, with a smoothly changing speed, while making return movements. The gear 4 located on the same shaft 5 will transmit uneven movement of the gear 14.

Advantages of the Invention
The application of this method and device will allow you to convert uniform motion into uneven or vice versa, by using ordinary round wheels, gears and other parts that are simple to manufacture, and also avoid overloading the mechanism, which will increase its reliability. Increasing the efficiency of work will be achieved by the ability to transmit movement over long distances by using a chain or belt drive, as well as the ability to increase or decrease the gear ratio of the transmission.

Used Books:
1. Krainev A.F. "Dictionary of mechanisms". M., Engineering, 1987, p. 238.

 2. Artobolevsky I. I. "Mechanisms in modern technology", vol. 3, M., "Science", 1973, p. 145, FIG. 166.

Claims (18)

 1. The method of converting motion, which consists in converting uniform and / or uneven movements by the interaction of two or more bodies, characterized in that at least one of the bodies is introduced into interaction with another (other) surface (s), part (s) of which formed by at least one cylinder and / or cone having points with different distances from the axis (center) of its rotation (rotation), rotating (turning) at least one of which transmit motion to another (other), while ensuring m the possibility of return movements of at least one body or part thereof connected to it.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the bodies is circular, having an axis of rotation (pivot point) that does not coincide with its geometric center.  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one non-circular and round bodies are introduced into the interaction.  4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two round bodies are introduced into the interaction.  5. The method according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, characterized in that at least one of the bodies or its parts (parts) at the same time as its rotation (rotation) is allowed to make movements along a given path.  6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the movement is translational.  7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the movement is rotary.  8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they change the eccentricity of at least one of the bodies.  9. A motion conversion device comprising a connection of at least two bodies, characterized in that at least one of the bodies is connected to the other (other) surface (s), the part (s) of which are formed using at least one cylinder and / or cone, moreover, the surface has points with different distances from the axis (center) of rotation (rotation) of the body, during rotation (rotation) of at least one of which, when transmitting motion to another (other), there is the possibility of reciprocal movements of at least m Here is one body or part of it.  10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the bodies is made with the possibility of making them or at least one element of a given trajectory.  11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the path is a straight line.  12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the path is an arc.  13. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the bodies are gear elements.  14. The device according to item 13, wherein the bodies are gears.  15. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains at least one flexible element that interacts with at least two bodies.  16. The device according to clause 15, wherein the flexible element is made in the form of a chain.  17. The device according to clause 15, wherein the flexible element is made in the form of a belt.  18. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the bodies is made covering at least one eccentric.

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