RU2117787C1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; engine units for different applications. SUBSTANCE: fixed pistons with water jacket, exhaust and suction valves and nozzles are installed in upper and lower parts of cylinder block. Two-chamber horizontally movable cylinders axially paired through bottoms and connected by connecting rods with crankshaft are placed between fixed pistons. Each fixed piston is provided with segment cutoff and ray guide for laser ray. Cooling wells connected by channels with crankshaft through hollow cylinder pin and connecting rods are made between bottoms of movable cylinders. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of cooling. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of engine building and can be used as a power plant for various purposes.

 A known internal combustion engine containing a cylinder block with fixed pistons, a crankshaft, connecting rods, lubrication, cooling, power and ignition systems, and fixed pistons having a water jacket, exhaust and suction valves are installed in the upper and lower parts of the block, and placed between the pistons coaxially paired bottoms two-chamber, movable cylinders connected by connecting rods to the crankshaft (US patent N 1897897, F 02 B 75/30, 1933).

 A disadvantage of the known engine is the insufficient heat removal from the bottom of the paired coaxial cylinders.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the cooling efficiency.

 The problem is solved in that the internal combustion engine contains a cylinder block with fixed pistons, a crankshaft, connecting rods, lubrication, cooling, power and ignition systems, and fixed pistons having a water jacket, exhaust and suction valves are installed in the upper and lower parts of the block, and between the pistons there are two-chamber, movable cylinders coaxially paired with the bottoms, connected by connecting rods to the crankshaft, and cooling wells connected by channels between the bottoms of the movable cylinders with a crankshaft through a hollow cylindrical pin, combining lubrication and cooling systems, and the fixed pistons are equipped with nozzles.

 A segment cut may be made on the top of the head of each stationary piston, and the cylinders are movable in the horizontal direction. In the upper part of the head of each stationary piston a beam guide can be made for the laser beam.

 In FIG. 1 shows a side section of an engine; in FIG. 2 is a top view of the engine.

 The engine contains a cylinder block 1 with fixed pistons 2 and 3, a crankshaft 4, connecting rods 5 and a gas distribution mechanism including a cam shaft 6, pushers 7, rods 8, rocker arms 9, exhaust and suction valves 10 and 12. The cooling system is made in the form of a water shirts 11. The power system is equipped with nozzles 13 and 14. Between the stationary pistons 2, 3, twin-chamber, horizontally movable cylinders 15 are paired with the bottoms. The fixed pistons have a segment cut 16. Between the bottoms of the movable cylinders 15 a cooling well 17 connected by channels to the crankshaft 4 through a hollow cylinder pin 18. This makes it possible to combine cooling lubrication systems.

 The cooling system includes a supply pipe 19 and a discharge pipe 20.

 To change the compression ratio, gaskets 21 are installed under the flanges of the stationary pistons 2, 3, and the stationary pistons 2, 3 are attached to the block 1 on the studs 22.

 The exhaust 10 and the suction 12 valves respectively have an exhaust 23 and a suction 24 nozzles (Fig. 2).

 The gas distribution system includes a cam shaft 6, on which the cams 25, 26 are placed.

 The engine distribution mechanism comprises a drive gear 27 on a crankshaft 4, a driven gear 28 and a gear gear 29. The average support of the crankshaft 4 is mounted on a roller bearing 30.

 The engine ignition system is equipped with spark plugs 31. For the engine to operate on a diesel-laser-water-steam cycle, a beam guide for the laser beam is made in the upper part of the head of each stationary piston 2, 3.

 The engine operates as follows.

 When the suction stroke opens the suction valve 12 (Fig. 2), the gas-gas mixture is sucked.

 When the compression stroke, the combustible mixture is compressed, at the end of the compression stroke of the candles 31, the mixture ignites, expanding gases press on the bottoms of the cylinders 15.

 At the end of the stroke, the exhaust valve 10 opens and exhaust occurs through the pipe 23.

 The movable cylinders 15 through the cylinder pin 18 connected to the connecting rods 5, transmit the motion to the crankshaft 4.

 The transmission of rotation from the middle of the crankshaft 4 to the gear 27 to the gear 29 of the gearbox reduces the vibration of the crankshaft 4, reduces the load on its necks and bearings.

 The engine can be retuned for continuous operation only on one of the types of fuel (gasoline, gas, diesel fuel), for which under the flanges of the pistons are placed gaskets 21 adjustable in thickness to change the compression ratio.

 The engine runs on gas or gasoline. Using gaskets 21, varying in thickness, set the desired compression ratio for continuous operation on gasoline or gas.

 The engine runs on gasoline or gas with water injection. To increase power and reduce fuel consumption, water is injected with nozzle 14 under a pressure of 100 - 120 atmospheres, from high temperature in the cylinder, water instantly turns into superheated steam, which increases the pressure in the cylinder and engine power. The consumption of gasoline or gas is minimal, sufficient only for the complete evaporation of the injected water, and the engine power will increase due to the pressure of the resulting superheated steam.

 Engine operation on diesel fuel. To change the compression ratio for operation on diesel fuel, it is necessary to remove the gaskets 21, the stationary piston 3 will lower, the volume of the compression chamber will decrease and the compression ratio will increase.

 Engine work on a diesel engine with water injection. During steady-state operation on diesel fuel, the nozzle 14 injects water with water, from high temperature the water instantly turns into superheated steam, increasing the pressure in the cylinder and engine power. The amount of diesel fuel is supplied reduced, sufficient only for the complete conversion of water into superheated steam.

 Engine operation on a diesel-laser-water-steam cycle.

 If, after warming up the engine and steady work on the diesel cycle, simultaneously with turning on the water supply, the laser beam is turned on, turning the water into superheated steam and contributing to the complete combustion of diesel fuel, the engine can operate on this cycle. To obtain a laser beam directed into the combustion chamber, you can use the invention according to ed. St. USSR N 1218168, 1218169, F 02 P 23/04, 1986. There are other ways to obtain a laser beam.

 The supply of diesel fuel is reduced to a minimum sufficient for stable operation in the diesel-laser-water-steam cycle with complete combustion of fuel and evaporation of water to produce a low-toxic exhaust.

 When working on this cycle, the engine will be very economical and environmentally friendly.

 When working at a hospital, the latent heat of vaporization of exhaust gases can be revealed using for heating rooms, hotbeds, feeding, and other purposes.

 For water injected into the compression chamber, a lubricant additive that is completely combustible under the action of a laser beam can be recommended in order to ensure the normal operation of the water pump and water nozzle.

Claims (4)

 1. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block with fixed pistons, a crankshaft, connecting rods, lubrication, cooling, power and ignition systems, and fixed pistons having a water jacket, exhaust and suction channels, and between the pistons, are installed in the upper and lower parts of the block placed coaxially paired bottoms, two-chamber, movable cylinders connected by connecting rods to the crankshaft, characterized in that between the bottoms of the movable cylinders made cooling wells connected by channels to the crankshaft through a hollow cylinder pin, combining lubrication and cooling systems, the stationary pistons being equipped with nozzles.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinders are movable in the horizontal direction.  3. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a segment cut is made on the upper part of the head of each stationary cylinder.  4. The engine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a beam guide for the laser beam is made in the upper part of the head of each stationary piston.

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