WO2010019112A1 - Device for receiving mechanical work from an external nonthermal energy source - Google Patents
Device for receiving mechanical work from an external nonthermal energy source Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010019112A1 WO2010019112A1 PCT/UA2009/000005 UA2009000005W WO2010019112A1 WO 2010019112 A1 WO2010019112 A1 WO 2010019112A1 UA 2009000005 W UA2009000005 W UA 2009000005W WO 2010019112 A1 WO2010019112 A1 WO 2010019112A1
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- cylinder
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- crankshaft
- working medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
- F01B17/02—Engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular, to the development of devices that use an external energy supply to generate mechanical work and can be used to create engines, hybrid power plants, as well as autonomous power units of small and medium power.
- a device that uses a method of converting non-thermal energy into mechanical energy, consisting of a set of thermodynamic processes implemented with the working fluid of the device, each of which forms a closed thermodynamic cycle, where the homogeneous working fluid in the main engine is adiabatically expanded from the initial state, transferred to heterogeneous state, act on it by some source of non-thermal energy, for example, ionization radiation, chemical energy, vortex energy a, vibrational energy, wave energy, acoustic energy, which allows deflecting the heterogeneous state of the working fluid from thermodynamically equilibrium, while creating the conditions of heat transfer between the phases of vapor and liquid, converting different thermophysical states of the phases of vapor and liquid into mechanical work on some kind of closed thermodynamic a cycle, for example, Stirling (application RU N ° 2002127172 A, F01K25 / 00, 2004).
- some source of non-thermal energy for example, ionization radiation, chemical energy, vortex energy a, vibrational energy, wave energy,
- the disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design, consisting of a cascade of heat engines, as well as the need for significant costs for obtaining ionization radiation and a constant energy consumption necessary to maintain complex chemical processes.
- a device with an external supply of heat is known in which the Stirling thermodynamic cycle is implemented (application RU JVb 99110913 A, F02G1 / 04, 2001), comprising a housing, inside of which there is a mechanism with it with two cylinder blocks, each of which has an equal number of cylinders parallel to the axis of symmetry of the mechanism and evenly spaced around a circle with central symmetry relative to the axis of the shaft, one of the blocks being a compression block located in the lower heat-insulated chamber filled with liquid hydrogen, and the second block expansion, located in the upper uninsulated chamber, filled with gaseous hydrogen at ambient temperature.
- the cylinders are pistons and connecting rods, separated by a heat-insulating partition.
- the device is also equipped with a regenerator and a refrigerator.
- Such a device consists of a support mounted on the underlying surface, a supporting platform with a supporting surface, a loading platform rigidly connected to the transported load, a working chamber with a working medium bounded by an elastic lateral surface that is rigidly connected by its upper base to the supporting surface, and the lower base with a loading platform.
- the working cavity is connected to the pumping means through the exhaust valve, and to the inlet system of the working medium through the inlet valve.
- the device also provides a closed cycle of movement of the working environment. At the same time, either a moving load or a crank mechanism with a rotating shaft can be rigidly connected to the lower base of the working chamber.
- This device although it consumes additional external energy for pumping and inlet systems, however, has significant advantages compared to the Stirling engine, in which, as a rule, solar energy is used as an external source, which limits its use time of day and weather conditions, and atmospheric pressure does not depend on these parameters and allows you to use this device constantly. In addition, it is technologically and structurally simpler than similar devices, which distinguishes it in practical applications.
- this device contains an elastic side surface, as a rule, in the form of a thin-walled bellows, which sharply limits the service life of the device in engine mode, which should have a life of hundreds of millions of reciprocating cycles before preventive repair, which reduces the possibility of practical application of this device in engine building.
- the aim of the invention is to improve the device, in which, by modifying the design of the working chamber with a variable volume, provided that it is possible to use atmospheric pressure as an external energy source of the device, reliability and an increase in the service life of the device as a whole are ensured. Due to what the efficiency of the device, its productivity and profitability are increased.
- the device for obtaining mechanical work comprising a housing, a sealed working cavity with a working medium, which is made in the form of a cylinder with a closed end surface, a pumping and inlet system of the working medium with exhaust and inlet valves connecting the supply lines of these systems with a working cavity, a connecting rod and crankshaft of a crank mechanism (hereinafter - KShM), in accordance with the invention, an additional piston is located inside the cylinder, which is stationary attached to pusu device.
- the cylinder with its inner surface is tightly in contact with the piston, with the possibility of free movement relative to the piston. With its outer surface, the cylinder is in contact with the external environment in which the device is located.
- the working cavity of the cylinder is connected to the systems of inlet and pumping of the working medium through the inlet and outlet valves located in the channels made in the piston body.
- the valves may be located in the supply lines connecting the working cavity with the systems of inlet and pumping of the working medium through the piston body.
- the external closed end part of the cylinder is rigidly pivotally connected to the crankshaft connecting rod, and can be made flat or curved, and the KUIM connecting rod is pivotally attached to its generatrix, at any convenient point.
- the device can be equipped with an additional cylinder with a piston, which is connected with its external closed end surface to the crankshaft of the crankshaft through an additional connecting rod, and is located opposite the first cylinder, forming a single power pair, while both connecting rods are connected to the same eccentric axis of the crankshaft. It is possible to connect an additional cylinder to an existing or additionally introduced pumping and inlet system of the working medium with exhaust and inlet valves connecting the supply lines of the system to its working cavity.
- the device may contain several power pairs of cylinders fixed sequentially along the crankshaft.
- the inventive device incorporated a fundamentally different scheme of the functioning of the pair of piston-cylinder, when the cylinders are able to freely move relative to the pistons stationary attached to the body of the device.
- the cylinders are in the atmosphere, or other external environment (for example, in water) in which the device operates, which makes it possible to use the pressure force of the external environment as an external energy source for the operation of the device.
- connection of the working cavity of the cylinder to the systems of cyclic inlet and pumping of the working medium made it possible to cyclically move the cylinder relative to the piston and the housing of the device from an external source of energy - atmospheric pressure, i.e. to produce constant work in time, regardless of the time of day or weather conditions. From the last to direct dependence is, for example, work with the Stirling engine, when using solar energy as an external source.
- the execution of the external closed end surfaces of the cylinders is curved, will provide minimal resistance to the external environment during the movement of the cylinders. Which also helps reduce energy costs.
- a diagram of the inventive device (with one power pair of cylinders, for the case when the working cavity of the cylinder is connected to different systems of pumping and filling the working medium) is shown in the drawing.
- the device comprises a movable left 1 and right 2 cylinders; left 3 and right 4 pistons rigidly fixed to the base of the body (not shown); quick exhaust valves 5 and 6 inlet valves of the left and the corresponding valves 5A and 6A of the right cylinders; crank mechanism 7 (arrows indicate the movement of the connecting rods); receiver 8 and vacuum pump 9 of the pumping system of the left cylinder; a receiver 8a and a vacuum pump 9a of the right cylinder pumping system; foreline pump with receiver 10 of the left cylinder inlet system; fore-vacuum pump with receiver 10a of the right cylinder inlet system.
- the fore-vacuum pump can be excluded from the movement of the working fluid and used only for preliminary preparation of the device for operation.
- the device operates as follows. In the initial position, the receivers 8 and 8a are pumped out to 10 at ⁇ and are constantly pumped out by vacuum pumps 9 and 9a. At the beginning of the cycle, valve 5 and valve 6a are open, and valves 6 and 5a are closed and the cylinders move synchronously towards the left piston 3 under the influence of atmospheric pressure on the left cylinder 1, which is in the evacuated state. When the top dead center passes through the left cylinder, valves 5 and 6a are closed, and valves 5a and 6 open, and the cylinders move synchronously towards the right piston 4 under the influence of atmospheric pressure on the right cylinder 2, which is in the evacuated state, and the left cylinder it is filled with a working medium to atmospheric pressure from the inlet system 10.
- providing the ability to quickly change the pressure in the working chamber allows you to get a continuous cyclic process of movement of the cylinder, which performs the work on a single-cycle vacuum - atmospheric cycle, while the force acting on the evacuated cylinder is constant in magnitude over the entire length of the stroke and is determined only by the diameter of the piston and the difference in external and internal pressure in the cylinder.
- the work performed by the cylinder under the action of a constant external force of atmospheric pressure, which does not change in time or along the direction of movement of the cylinder during rotation of the crankshaft, will always be determined by the volume of the working chamber. And the balance of the pumping and inlet systems consumed and the power delivered to the crankshaft will be determined by the pumping speeds working chamber systems and systems for filling the working medium into the chamber and the number of cycles per unit time.
- the pumping system is connected to the inlet system, thereby providing a closed cycle of movement of the working medium without losses in the device, while the gas with the optimal parameters for efficient pumping with minimal energy costs is selected as the working medium (for example, hydrogen, helium, argon, etc.).
- the working medium for example, hydrogen, helium, argon, etc.
- the cylinders form an integral design and synchronously move in one direction during the cycle, providing one cylinder with a continuous continuous stroke with a constant effort on the crankshaft in one direction and continuing the stroke with the other cylinder in the other direction on a single-cycle cycle.
- a power pair can produce increased work relative to the base cycle, for example, double during one single-cycle cycle. This can happen under the condition that the fore-vacuum pump will provide such a pressure P 1 of the working medium in the receiver that, when inflated into the opposed cylinder, will be twice the pressure of the external medium P bc .
- the pumping pressure in the opposite cylinder Po must be provided by pumping means at the level of Po ⁇ 10 "2 - 10 " 4 P bc .
- each cylinder has a continuous stroke for one cycle.
- a cn 4k P cc D 2 L (2).
- the required number of power pairs is selected, which can be arranged in rows or at optimal angles relative to each other along the crankshaft.
- the working cavity has a cylindrical shape, so its maximum volume V [m 3 ] will be equal to:
- V ⁇ DV4 L (3), where:
- D is the diameter of the cross section of the outer surface of the piston [m]
- L is the length of the working cavity, which is equal to the distance between the upper and lower points of the cylinder stroke relative to the piston [m].
- a closed loop of the movement of the working fluid in the inventive device eliminates emissions into the atmosphere, which ensures environmentally friendly operation of the device.
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- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The inventive subject matter is a device for receiving mechanical work from an external nonthermal energy source. The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to devices in which external power supply is used for generating mechanical work, which invention can be used for designing engines and hybrid power plants as well as in self-contained low and mean power units. The device comprises a body, an airtight working cavity which contains a working medium and is in the form of a cylinder (1) with a closed end surface. A piston (3) is arranged inside the cylinder and stationary secured to the device body in such a way that the cylinder is freely movable with respect to the piston. The working cavity of the cylinder is connected to systems for pumping in and out the working medium via inlet (6) and outlet (5) valves which are made in the piston (3) body. The external closed end part of the cylinder is rigidly pivotally connected to the rod (7) of a crank gear. The device can be provided with an additional cylinder (2) which is connected by the external closed end part thereof to the crank shaft of the crank gear, via an additional rod, oppositely to the first cylinder so that a single force pair is formed. The device can comprise several force pairs of the cylinders which are secured in series along the crank shaft of the crank gear.
Description
Устройство для получения механической работы от внешнего источника нетепловой энергии Device for obtaining mechanical work from an external source of non-thermal energy
Изобретение относится к области машиностроения, в частности, к разработке устройств в которых используется внешний подвод энергии для генерирования механической работы и может быть использовано для создания двигателей, гибридных силовых установок, а так же автономных энергетических агрегатов малой и средней мощности.The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular, to the development of devices that use an external energy supply to generate mechanical work and can be used to create engines, hybrid power plants, as well as autonomous power units of small and medium power.
Известны устройства, принцип действия которых основан на различных способах преобразовании нетепловой энергии в механическую работу.Known devices, the principle of which is based on various methods of converting non-thermal energy into mechanical work.
К примеру, устройство, в котором применен способ преобразования нетепловой энергии в механическую, состоящий из совокупности термодинамических процессов, реализуемых с рабочими телами устройств, каждое из которых образует замкнутый термодинамический цикл, где в основном двигателе гомогенное рабочее тело из начального состояния адиабатически расширяют, переводят в гетерогенное состояние, воздействуют на него каким-либо источником нетепловой энергии, например, ионизационным излучением, химической энергией, энергией вихревого процесса, энергией вибрации, волновой энергией, акустической энергией, позволяющей отклонить гетерогенное состояние рабочего тела от термодинамически равновесного, при этом, создают условия теплообмена между фазами пара и жидкости, преобразуя разные теплофизические состояния фаз пара и жидкости в механическую работу по какому-либо замкнутому термодинамическому циклу, например, Стирлинга (заявка RU N° 2002127172 А, F01K25/00, 2004 г.).For example, a device that uses a method of converting non-thermal energy into mechanical energy, consisting of a set of thermodynamic processes implemented with the working fluid of the device, each of which forms a closed thermodynamic cycle, where the homogeneous working fluid in the main engine is adiabatically expanded from the initial state, transferred to heterogeneous state, act on it by some source of non-thermal energy, for example, ionization radiation, chemical energy, vortex energy a, vibrational energy, wave energy, acoustic energy, which allows deflecting the heterogeneous state of the working fluid from thermodynamically equilibrium, while creating the conditions of heat transfer between the phases of vapor and liquid, converting different thermophysical states of the phases of vapor and liquid into mechanical work on some kind of closed thermodynamic a cycle, for example, Stirling (application RU N ° 2002127172 A, F01K25 / 00, 2004).
Недостатком такого устройства является сложность конструкции, состоящей из каскада тепловых машин, а также, необходимость значительных затрат на получение ионизационного излучения и постоянный расход электроэнергии, необходимой для поддержания сложных химических процессов.The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design, consisting of a cascade of heat engines, as well as the need for significant costs for obtaining ionization radiation and a constant energy consumption necessary to maintain complex chemical processes.
Известно устройство с внешним подводом теплоты, в котором реализован термодинамический цикл Стирлинга (заявка RU JVb 99110913 А, F02G1/04, 2001 г.), содержащий корпус, внутри которого расположен механизм с размещенными в
нем двумя блоками цилиндров, в каждом из которых равное число цилиндров, параллельных оси симметрии механизма и равномерно расположенных по окружности с центральной симметрией относительно оси вала, причем один из блоков - блок сжатия находится в нижней теплоизолированной камере, заполненной жидким водородом, а второй - блок расширения, находится в верхней не теплоизолированной камере, заполненной газообразным водородом при температуре окружающей среды. В каждом из цилиндров расположены поршни и шатуны, разделенные теплоизолирующей перегородкой. Устройство также снабжено регенератором и холодильником.A device with an external supply of heat is known in which the Stirling thermodynamic cycle is implemented (application RU JVb 99110913 A, F02G1 / 04, 2001), comprising a housing, inside of which there is a mechanism with it with two cylinder blocks, each of which has an equal number of cylinders parallel to the axis of symmetry of the mechanism and evenly spaced around a circle with central symmetry relative to the axis of the shaft, one of the blocks being a compression block located in the lower heat-insulated chamber filled with liquid hydrogen, and the second block expansion, located in the upper uninsulated chamber, filled with gaseous hydrogen at ambient temperature. In each of the cylinders are pistons and connecting rods, separated by a heat-insulating partition. The device is also equipped with a regenerator and a refrigerator.
Недостатком данной конструкции является необходимость значительных затрат из-за использования жидкого и газообразного водорода, что требует сложных устройств захолаживания и сжижения водорода, а так же наличие повышенной взрывоопасное™, что требует применения специальных мер защиты и техники безопасности.The disadvantage of this design is the need for significant costs due to the use of liquid and gaseous hydrogen, which requires complex devices for cooling and liquefying hydrogen, as well as the presence of increased explosive ™, which requires the use of special protective measures and safety measures.
Наиболее близким к предложенному, является устройство, в котором, для получения механической работы (в частности, перемещения груза относительно опорной и подстилающей поверхностей), в качестве внешнего источника энергии, используется атмосферное давление (патент UA Ne 3499 IU, B65G 7/00, 2008 г.).Closest to the proposed one is a device in which atmospheric pressure is used as an external energy source to obtain mechanical work (in particular, moving the load relative to the supporting and underlying surfaces) (patent UA Ne 3499 IU, B65G 7/00, 2008 g.).
Такое устройство состоит из опоры, установленной на подстилающей поверхности, несущей платформы с опорной поверхностью, грузовой платформы, жёстко связанной с перемещаемым грузом, рабочей камеры с рабочей средой, ограниченной эластичной боковой поверхностью, которая жёстко соединена своим верхним основанием с опорной поверхностью, а нижним основанием с грузовой платформой. Рабочая полость соединена со средствами откачки через выпускной клапан, а с системой напуска рабочей среды - через впускной клапан. В устройстве также обеспечен замкнутый цикл движения рабочей среды. При этом, к нижнему основанию рабочей камеры может быть жестко подсоединен либо перемещаемый груз, либо кривошипно-шатунный механизм с вращающимся валом.Such a device consists of a support mounted on the underlying surface, a supporting platform with a supporting surface, a loading platform rigidly connected to the transported load, a working chamber with a working medium bounded by an elastic lateral surface that is rigidly connected by its upper base to the supporting surface, and the lower base with a loading platform. The working cavity is connected to the pumping means through the exhaust valve, and to the inlet system of the working medium through the inlet valve. The device also provides a closed cycle of movement of the working environment. At the same time, either a moving load or a crank mechanism with a rotating shaft can be rigidly connected to the lower base of the working chamber.
Данное устройство, хотя и потребляет дополнительную внешнюю энергию для систем откачки и напуска, однако имеет значительные преимущества по сравнению с двигателем Стирлинга, в котором, как правило, в качестве внешнего источника используется солнечная энергия, что ограничивает его применение
временем суток и погодными условиями, а атмосферное давление не зависит от этих параметров и позволяет использовать данное устройство постоянно. Кроме того, оно технологично и конструктивно проще аналогичных устройств, что выгодно отличает его по возможности практического применения.This device, although it consumes additional external energy for pumping and inlet systems, however, has significant advantages compared to the Stirling engine, in which, as a rule, solar energy is used as an external source, which limits its use time of day and weather conditions, and atmospheric pressure does not depend on these parameters and allows you to use this device constantly. In addition, it is technologically and structurally simpler than similar devices, which distinguishes it in practical applications.
Однако, недостатком его является то, что данное устройство содержит эластичную боковую поверхность, как правило, в виде тонкостенного сильфона, что резко ограничивает ресурс работы устройства в режиме двигателя, который должен иметь моторесурс в сотни миллионов возвратно-поступательных циклов до профилактического ремонта, что сокращает возможность практического применения данного устройства в двигателестроении.However, its disadvantage is that this device contains an elastic side surface, as a rule, in the form of a thin-walled bellows, which sharply limits the service life of the device in engine mode, which should have a life of hundreds of millions of reciprocating cycles before preventive repair, which reduces the possibility of practical application of this device in engine building.
Целью изобретения является усовершенствование устройства, в котором, путём модификации конструкции рабочей камеры с переменным объёмом, при условии обеспечения возможности использования атмосферного давления, как внешнего источника энергии устройства, обеспечивается надёжность и увеличение ресурса работы устройства в целом. За счёт чего увеличивается КПД устройства, его продуктивность и экономичность.The aim of the invention is to improve the device, in which, by modifying the design of the working chamber with a variable volume, provided that it is possible to use atmospheric pressure as an external energy source of the device, reliability and an increase in the service life of the device as a whole are ensured. Due to what the efficiency of the device, its productivity and profitability are increased.
Поставленная цель достигается тем, что, в устройстве для получения механической работы, содержащем корпус, герметичную рабочую полость с рабочей средой, которая выполнена в виде цилиндра с закрытой торцевой поверхностью, системы откачки и напуска рабочей среды с выпускным и впускным клапанами, соединяющими подводящие магистрали этих систем с рабочей полостью, шатун и коленвал кривошипно-шатунного механизма (далее - КШМ), в соответствии с изобретением, внутри цилиндра дополнительно расположен поршень, который стационарно прикреплён к корпусу устройства. Цилиндр своей внутренней поверхностью герметично плотно соприкасается с поршнем, с возможностью свободного перемещения относительно поршня. Своей внешней поверхностью цилиндр соприкасается с внешней средой, в которой находится устройство.This goal is achieved by the fact that, in the device for obtaining mechanical work, comprising a housing, a sealed working cavity with a working medium, which is made in the form of a cylinder with a closed end surface, a pumping and inlet system of the working medium with exhaust and inlet valves connecting the supply lines of these systems with a working cavity, a connecting rod and crankshaft of a crank mechanism (hereinafter - KShM), in accordance with the invention, an additional piston is located inside the cylinder, which is stationary attached to pusu device. The cylinder with its inner surface is tightly in contact with the piston, with the possibility of free movement relative to the piston. With its outer surface, the cylinder is in contact with the external environment in which the device is located.
При этом, рабочая полость цилиндра соединена с системами напуска и откачки рабочей среды через впускной и выпускной клапаны, расположенные в каналах, выполненных в корпусе поршня. В отдельных случаях, клапаны могут быть
расположены в подводящих магистралях, соединяющих рабочую полость с системами напуска и откачки рабочей среды через корпус поршня.In this case, the working cavity of the cylinder is connected to the systems of inlet and pumping of the working medium through the inlet and outlet valves located in the channels made in the piston body. In some cases, the valves may be located in the supply lines connecting the working cavity with the systems of inlet and pumping of the working medium through the piston body.
Внешняя закрытая торцевая часть цилиндра жестко шарнирно соединена с шатуном КШМ, и может быть выполнена плоской или криволинейной, а шатун KUIM прикреплён шарнирно по её образующей, в любой удобной её точке.The external closed end part of the cylinder is rigidly pivotally connected to the crankshaft connecting rod, and can be made flat or curved, and the KUIM connecting rod is pivotally attached to its generatrix, at any convenient point.
Устройство может быть снабжено дополнительным цилиндром с поршнем, который подсоединён своей внешней закрытой торцевой поверхностью к коленвалу КШМ через дополнительный шатун, и расположен оппозитно первому цилиндру, образуя единую силовую пару, при этом оба шатуна подсоединены к одной эксцентричной оси коленвала. Возможно подсоединение дополнительного цилиндра к имеющейся или дополнительно введенной системе откачки и напуска рабочей среды с выпускным и впускным клапанами, соединяющими подводящие магистрали системы с его рабочей полостью.The device can be equipped with an additional cylinder with a piston, which is connected with its external closed end surface to the crankshaft of the crankshaft through an additional connecting rod, and is located opposite the first cylinder, forming a single power pair, while both connecting rods are connected to the same eccentric axis of the crankshaft. It is possible to connect an additional cylinder to an existing or additionally introduced pumping and inlet system of the working medium with exhaust and inlet valves connecting the supply lines of the system to its working cavity.
При этом, устройство может содержать несколько силових пар цилиндров, закреплённых последовательно вдоль коленвала КШМ.In this case, the device may contain several power pairs of cylinders fixed sequentially along the crankshaft.
Таким образом, в заявляемом устройстве заложена принципиально иная схема функционирования пары поршень-цилиндр, когда цилиндры имеют возможность свободно двигаться относительно поршней, стационарно прикрепленных к корпусу устройства. При этом цилиндры находятся в атмосфере, или другой внешней среде (к примеру, в воде), в которой функционирует устройство, что обеспечивает возможность использования силы давления внешней среды, как внешнего источника энергии для функционирования устройства.Thus, in the inventive device incorporated a fundamentally different scheme of the functioning of the pair of piston-cylinder, when the cylinders are able to freely move relative to the pistons stationary attached to the body of the device. In this case, the cylinders are in the atmosphere, or other external environment (for example, in water) in which the device operates, which makes it possible to use the pressure force of the external environment as an external energy source for the operation of the device.
А рабочее тело служит для изменения условия равновесия двух сред - атмосферы (ат.) с давлением Paт = сопst и вакуума с переменным давлением в рабочей камере (рк.):And the working fluid serves to change the equilibrium conditions of two media - the atmosphere (at.) With a pressure of P at = cst and vacuum with a variable pressure in the working chamber (p.):
P гpк — P гaт — P raт '4 > в отличие от замкнутых пневмо- и гидравлических систем, в которых рабочее тело есть источник силы, управляющей исполнительными механизмами.P r pk - P g a t - P r a t '4 > in contrast to closed pneumatic and hydraulic systems in which the working fluid is the source of the force that controls the actuators.
Подсоединение рабочей полости цилиндра к системам цикличного напуска и откачки рабочей среды, обеспечило возможность цикличного во времени перемещения цилиндра относительно поршня и корпуса устройства от внешнего источника энерги - атмосферного давления, т.е. производить постоянную во времени работу, независимо от времени суток и погодных условий. От последних в
прямой зависимости находится, к примеру, работа с двигателем Стирлинга, при использовании солнечной энергии в качестве внешнего источника.The connection of the working cavity of the cylinder to the systems of cyclic inlet and pumping of the working medium made it possible to cyclically move the cylinder relative to the piston and the housing of the device from an external source of energy - atmospheric pressure, i.e. to produce constant work in time, regardless of the time of day or weather conditions. From the last to direct dependence is, for example, work with the Stirling engine, when using solar energy as an external source.
Возможность цикличного во времени перемещения цилиндра, в свою очередь, благодаря наличию в конструкции шатуна и коленвала КШМ, позволило совершать механическую работу с минимальными энергетическими затратами.The possibility of the cylinder cycling in time, in turn, due to the presence of the crankshaft in the design of the connecting rod and crankshaft, made it possible to perform mechanical work with minimal energy costs.
Наличие в устройстве силовых пар цилиндров, позволяет производить работу без холостого хода на протяжении одного однотактного цикла. Т.е. любое движение силовой пары вперед - назад является рабочим. Это принципиально новое свойство устройства дает возможность создавать на базе таких устройств экономичные вакуумно-атмосферные энергомодули с повышенным КПД.The presence of power pairs of cylinders in the device allows you to work without idling for one single-cycle cycle. Those. any movement of a power pair forward - backward is a working one. This fundamentally new property of the device makes it possible to create economical vacuum-atmospheric energy modules with increased efficiency on the basis of such devices.
Выполнение внешних закрытых торцевых поверхностей цилиндров криволинейными, обеспечит минимальное сопротивление внешней среды при движении цилиндров. Что также способствует снижению энергозатрат.The execution of the external closed end surfaces of the cylinders is curved, will provide minimal resistance to the external environment during the movement of the cylinders. Which also helps reduce energy costs.
Т.о., совокупность заявляемых признаков изобретения является необходимой и достаточной для достижения поставленной цели.Thus, the totality of the claimed features of the invention is necessary and sufficient to achieve the goal.
Схема заявляемого устройства (с одной силовой парой цилиндров, для случая, когда рабочие полости цилиндров подсоединены к разным системам откачки и напуска рабочей среды) представлена на чертеже.A diagram of the inventive device (with one power pair of cylinders, for the case when the working cavity of the cylinder is connected to different systems of pumping and filling the working medium) is shown in the drawing.
Устройство содержит подвижные левый 1 и правый 2 цилиндры; левый 3 и правый 4 поршни, жестко закрепленные на основании корпуса (не показано); быстродействующие выпускной 5 и впускной 6 клапаны левого и соответствующие клапаны 5а и 6а правого цилиндров; кривошипно-шатунный механизм 7 (стрелками показано движение шатунов); ресивер 8 и вакуумный насос 9 системы откачки левого цилиндра; ресивер 8а и вакуумный насос 9а системы откачки правого цилиндра; форвакуумный насос с ресивером 10 системы напуска левого цилиндра; форвакуумный насос с ресивером 10а системы напуска правого цилиндра.The device comprises a movable left 1 and right 2 cylinders; left 3 and right 4 pistons rigidly fixed to the base of the body (not shown); quick exhaust valves 5 and 6 inlet valves of the left and the corresponding valves 5A and 6A of the right cylinders; crank mechanism 7 (arrows indicate the movement of the connecting rods); receiver 8 and vacuum pump 9 of the pumping system of the left cylinder; a receiver 8a and a vacuum pump 9a of the right cylinder pumping system; foreline pump with receiver 10 of the left cylinder inlet system; fore-vacuum pump with receiver 10a of the right cylinder inlet system.
Если применить механические безмаслянные насосы, например Рутса, то форвакуумный насос может быть исключён из контура движения рабочего тела и использован только для предварительной подготовки устройства к работе.If mechanical oil-free pumps, such as Roots, are used, then the fore-vacuum pump can be excluded from the movement of the working fluid and used only for preliminary preparation of the device for operation.
Устройство работает следующим образом.
В начальном положении ресиверы 8 и 8а откачаны до 10aт ~ и постоянно откачиваются вакуумными насосами 9 и 9а. В начале цикла открыты клапан 5 и клапан 6а, а клапаны 6 и 5а закрыты и цилиндры синхронно движутся в сторону левого поршня 3 под действием силы атмосферного давления на левый цилиндр 1, который находится в откачанном состоянии. При прохождении верхней мертвой точки левым цилиндром, клапаны 5 и 6а закрываются, а клапаны 5а и 6 открываются, и цилиндры синхронно движутся в сторону правого поршня 4 под действием силы атмосферного давления на правый цилиндр 2, который находится в, откачанном состоянии, а левый цилиндр наполнен рабочей средой до атмосферного давления из системы напуска 10. При этом, через шатуны (показаны стрелками) усилие передается на вал 7 КШМ. В нижней мертвой точке левого цилиндра клапаны 5 и 6а открываются, а клапаны 6 и 5а закрываются и цикл повторяется. Т.о., осуществляется однотактный цикл, в котором каждый ход цилиндров является рабочим.The device operates as follows. In the initial position, the receivers 8 and 8a are pumped out to 10 at ~ and are constantly pumped out by vacuum pumps 9 and 9a. At the beginning of the cycle, valve 5 and valve 6a are open, and valves 6 and 5a are closed and the cylinders move synchronously towards the left piston 3 under the influence of atmospheric pressure on the left cylinder 1, which is in the evacuated state. When the top dead center passes through the left cylinder, valves 5 and 6a are closed, and valves 5a and 6 open, and the cylinders move synchronously towards the right piston 4 under the influence of atmospheric pressure on the right cylinder 2, which is in the evacuated state, and the left cylinder it is filled with a working medium to atmospheric pressure from the inlet system 10. At the same time, through the connecting rods (shown by arrows), the force is transmitted to the shaft 7 of the crankshaft. At the bottom dead center of the left cylinder, valves 5 and 6a open and valves 6 and 5a close and the cycle repeats. Thus, a single-cycle cycle is carried out in which each cylinder stroke is a working one.
Для обеспечения возможности цикличного, периодически возвращаемого в исходное положение, цилиндра относительно поршня под действием атмосферного давления PaT; или давлением другой внешней среды, в которой находится цилиндр, необходимо обеспечить последовательную быструю откачку до давления Po < 10~2 - 10"4 Paт и напуск рабочей среды до давления P] = Paт в рабочую полость. Это достигается, благодаря наличию в корпусе поршня (или в подводящих магистралях между рабочей полостью и системами откачки и напуска рабочей среды) быстродействующих клапанов.To enable cyclic, periodically returned to its original position, the cylinder relative to the piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure P aT; or by the pressure of another external medium in which the cylinder is located, it is necessary to provide sequential fast pumping to a pressure Po <10 ~ 2 - 10 "4 P at and filling the working medium to a pressure P] = P at into the working cavity. This is achieved due to the presence of piston housing (or in the supply lines between the working cavity and systems for pumping and filling the working medium) of high-speed valves.
В свою очередь, обеспечение возможности быстрого изменения давления в рабочей камере позволяет получить непрерывный цикличный процесс движения цилиндра, который совершает работу по однотактному вакуумно - атмосферному циклу, при этом действующая на откачанный цилиндр сила постоянна по величине по всей длине рабочего хода и определяется только диаметром поршня и разницей внешнего и внутреннего давлений в цилиндре.In turn, providing the ability to quickly change the pressure in the working chamber allows you to get a continuous cyclic process of movement of the cylinder, which performs the work on a single-cycle vacuum - atmospheric cycle, while the force acting on the evacuated cylinder is constant in magnitude over the entire length of the stroke and is determined only by the diameter of the piston and the difference in external and internal pressure in the cylinder.
Работа, произведенная цилиндром под действием постоянной внешней силы атмосферного давления, не меняющейся по величине во времени и по ходу движения цилиндра при вращении коленвала, всегда будет определяться объёмом рабочей камеры. А баланс потребляемой системами откачки и напуска и отдаваемой на коленвал мощностей будет определяться скоростями откачивающих
систем рабочей камеры и систем напуска рабочей среды в камеру и количеством циклов в единицу времени.The work performed by the cylinder under the action of a constant external force of atmospheric pressure, which does not change in time or along the direction of movement of the cylinder during rotation of the crankshaft, will always be determined by the volume of the working chamber. And the balance of the pumping and inlet systems consumed and the power delivered to the crankshaft will be determined by the pumping speeds working chamber systems and systems for filling the working medium into the chamber and the number of cycles per unit time.
Для уменьшения энергетических потерь и потерь рабочего тела система откачки соединена с системой напуска, обеспечивая тем самым замкнутый цикл движения рабочей среды без потерь в устройстве, при этом в качестве рабочего среды выбирается газ с оптимальными параметрами для эффективной откачки с минимальными затратами энергии (к примеру, водород, гелий, аргон и др.).To reduce energy losses and losses of the working fluid, the pumping system is connected to the inlet system, thereby providing a closed cycle of movement of the working medium without losses in the device, while the gas with the optimal parameters for efficient pumping with minimal energy costs is selected as the working medium (for example, hydrogen, helium, argon, etc.).
Наличие силовой пары из двух оппозитно расположенных цилиндров, которые жестко скреплены штангой или через шатуны подсоединены к одной эксцентричной оси коленвала КШМ, позволяет обеспечить постоянное во времени усилие на коленвал, что обеспечивает плавную, без рывков работу узлов устройства.The presence of a power pair of two opposed cylinders that are rigidly fastened by a rod or connected through the connecting rods to the same eccentric axis of the crankshaft KShM, allows for a constant force in the crankshaft in time, which ensures smooth operation of the device nodes without jerking.
Цилиндры образуют цельную конструкцию и синхронно движутся в одну сторону во время такта, обеспечивая одним цилиндром непрерывный во времени рабочий ход с постоянным усилием на коленвал в одну сторону и продолжая рабочий ход другим цилиндром в другую сторону по однотактному циклу.The cylinders form an integral design and synchronously move in one direction during the cycle, providing one cylinder with a continuous continuous stroke with a constant effort on the crankshaft in one direction and continuing the stroke with the other cylinder in the other direction on a single-cycle cycle.
Силовая пара может производить повышенную работу относительно базового цикла, например, двойную на протяжении одного однотактного цикла. Это может происходить при условии, если форвакуумный насос будет обеспечивать такое давление P1 рабочей среды в ресивере которое, при напуске в оппозитный цилиндр, будет в два раза превышать давление внешней среды Pвc. При этом давление откачки в противоположном цилиндре Po, должно обеспечивается средствами откачки на уровне Po < 10"2 - 10"4 Pвc. В этом случае каждый цилиндр имеет непрерывный рабочий ход на протяжении одного цикла. Тогда работа Acп, которую может производить силовая пара в случае Pвc = Paт = Pi будет равна:A power pair can produce increased work relative to the base cycle, for example, double during one single-cycle cycle. This can happen under the condition that the fore-vacuum pump will provide such a pressure P 1 of the working medium in the receiver that, when inflated into the opposed cylinder, will be twice the pressure of the external medium P bc . In this case, the pumping pressure in the opposite cylinder Po must be provided by pumping means at the level of Po <10 "2 - 10 " 4 P bc . In this case, each cylinder has a continuous stroke for one cycle. Then the work A JV, which can produce a force couple in the case of P = P AT Bc = Pi equals:
"-сп ^K "ат L) L, О), где: k = π /4=0,785"-sp ^ K" at L) L, O), where: k = π / 4 = 0.785
ВВ ссллууччааее,, ккоогда P1 =2PBC при P0 == < 10"2 - 10"4 Pвc, силовая пара производит работу, равную:VV case, when P 1 = 2P BC at P 0 == <10 "2 - 10 " 4 P BC , the power pair performs work equal to:
Acп = 4k Pвc D2 L (2).A cn = 4k P cc D 2 L (2).
Для получения заданной мощности устройства, подбирается необходимое количество силовых пар, которые могут быть расположены рядно или под оптимальными углами относительно друг друга вдоль коленвала КШМ.
Пример.To obtain a given device power, the required number of power pairs is selected, which can be arranged in rows or at optimal angles relative to each other along the crankshaft. Example.
Рабочая полость имеет цилиндрическую форму, поэтому ее максимальный объём V [м3], будет равен:The working cavity has a cylindrical shape, so its maximum volume V [m 3 ] will be equal to:
V = π DV4 L (3), где:V = π DV4 L (3), where:
D - диаметр поперечного сечения наружной поверхности поршня [м]; L - длина рабочей полости, которая равна расстоянию между верхней и нижней точками хода цилиндра относительно поршня [м].D is the diameter of the cross section of the outer surface of the piston [m]; L is the length of the working cavity, which is equal to the distance between the upper and lower points of the cylinder stroke relative to the piston [m].
Если цилиндр находится в атмосфере, то сила F атмосферного давления Paт If the cylinder is in the atmosphere, then the force F atmospheric pressure P at
[Па] на торцевую эффективную площадь поверхности цилиндра S [м2] будет равна:[Pa] on the end face effective surface area of the cylinder S [m 2 ] will be equal to:
F = Paт S или:F = P at S or:
F = k PaтD2 (4).F = k P at D 2 (4).
Если рабочая полость откачана до давления P0 , то работа А [Дж], произведенная цилиндром под действием силы атмосферного давления будет равна:If the working cavity is pumped out to a pressure P 0 , then the work A [J] produced by the cylinder under the influence of atmospheric pressure will be equal to:
A = k Paт D2 L ( 5).A = k P at D 2 L (5).
Если объём рабочей полости равен 1 литр, то при нормальном атмосферном давлении Paт = 101325 Па, цилиндр может за один цикл, без учета возможных потерь, в идеальном случае произвести работу A = IOl Дж.If the volume of the working cavity is 1 liter, then at normal atmospheric pressure P at = 101325 Pa, the cylinder can perform work A = IOl J in one cycle, without taking into account possible losses.
Применение данного устройства для получения механической работы от внешнего источника энергии позволит создать экономичные вакуумно- атмосферные энергомодули с величиной КПД до 25% и мощные двигатели с малым потреблением топлива, что является актуальным в условиях постоянного удорожания энергоресурсов.The use of this device to obtain mechanical work from an external energy source will allow creating economical vacuum-atmospheric energy modules with an efficiency value of up to 25% and powerful engines with low fuel consumption, which is relevant in conditions of constant increase in the cost of energy resources.
Замкнутый контур движения рабочего тела в заявляемом устройстве исключает выбросы в атмосферу, чем обеспечивается экологически чистая работа устройства.
A closed loop of the movement of the working fluid in the inventive device eliminates emissions into the atmosphere, which ensures environmentally friendly operation of the device.
Claims
1. Устройство для получения механической работы от внешнего источника нетепловой энергии, состоящее из корпуса, герметичной рабочей полости с рабочей средой, которая выполнена в виде цилиндра с закрытой торцевой поверхностью, системы откачки и напуска рабочей среды с выпускным и впускным клапанами, соединяющими подводящие магистрали этих систем с рабочей полостью, шатуна и коленвала кривошипно-шатунного механизма (КШМ), отличающееся тем, что, устройство дополнительно содержит поршень, который расположен внутри цилиндра и стационарно прикреплён к корпусу устройства, при этом, рабочая полость цилиндра соединена с системами напуска и откачки рабочей среды через каналы, выполненные в поршне, а цилиндр своей внутренней поверхностью герметично плотно соприкасается с поршнем, с возможностью свободного перемещения относительно поршня, своей внешней поверхностью цилиндр соприкасается с внешней средой, в которой находится устройство, а внешняя закрытая торцевая часть цилиндра жестко шарнирно соединена с шатуном КШМ.1. A device for obtaining mechanical work from an external source of non-thermal energy, consisting of a housing, a sealed working cavity with a working medium, which is made in the form of a cylinder with a closed end surface, a pumping and inlet system of the working medium with exhaust and inlet valves connecting the supply lines of these systems with a working cavity, connecting rod and crankshaft of the crank mechanism (KShM), characterized in that the device further comprises a piston, which is located inside the cylinder and is stationary it is attached to the device’s body, while the working cavity of the cylinder is connected to the systems for filling and pumping out the working medium through channels made in the piston, and the cylinder with its inner surface is tightly in contact with the piston, with the possibility of free movement relative to the piston, with its outer surface the cylinder is in contact with the external environment in which the device is located, and the external closed end part of the cylinder is rigidly pivotally connected to the crankshaft connecting rod.
2. Устройство по п.l, отличающееся тем, что, впускной и выпускной клапаны расположены в каналах, выполненных в поршне, или в подводящих магистралях, соединяющих рабочую полость с системами напуска и откачки рабочей среды.2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the inlet and outlet valves are located in the channels made in the piston, or in the supply lines connecting the working cavity with the systems of the inlet and pumping of the working medium.
3. Устройство по п. 1 отличающееся тем, что, внешняя закрытая торцевая поверхность цилиндра выполнена плоской или криволинейной, а шатун КШМ прикреплён шарнирно по её образующей, в любой удобной её точке.3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the external closed end surface of the cylinder is made flat or curved, and the crankshaft connecting rod is hinged along its generatrix at any convenient point.
4. Устройство по п.п. 1,2,3, отличающееся тем, что, оно снабжено дополнительным цилиндром с поршнем, который подсоединён своей внешней закрытой торцевой поверхностью к коленвалу КШМ через дополнительный шатун, и расположен оппозитно первому цилиндру, образуя единую силовую пару, при этом оба шатуна подсоединены к одной эксцентричной оси коленвала.4. The device according to p. 1,2,3, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional cylinder with a piston, which is connected by its external closed end surface to the crankshaft of the crankshaft through an additional connecting rod, and is located opposite the first cylinder, forming a single power pair, while both connecting rods are connected to one the eccentric axis of the crankshaft.
5. Устройство по п. 4, отличающееся тем, что, дополнительный цилиндр подсоединён к имеющейся или дополнительно введенной системе откачки и напуска рабочей среды с выпускным и впускным клапанами, соединяющими подводящие магистрали системы с его рабочей полостью.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the additional cylinder is connected to an existing or additionally introduced pumping and inlet system of the working medium with exhaust and intake valves connecting the supply lines of the system to its working cavity.
6. Устройство по п.п. 4, 5, отличающееся тем, что, оно содержит несколько силових пар цилиндров, закреплённых последовательно вдоль коленвала КШМ. 6. The device according to p. 4, 5, characterized in that it contains several power pairs of cylinders fixed sequentially along the crankshaft.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAA200810221A UA89894C2 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2008-08-08 | Device for producing mechanical work from external source of non-thermal energy |
| UAA200810221 | 2008-08-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010019112A1 true WO2010019112A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
Family
ID=41669093
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/UA2009/000005 WO2010019112A1 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2009-02-10 | Device for receiving mechanical work from an external nonthermal energy source |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| UA (1) | UA89894C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010019112A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2023746A (en) * | 1978-02-07 | 1980-01-03 | Dickson W | Vacuum-operated motor for driving electrical generator |
| DE4131627A1 (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-03-25 | Peter Selig | Vacuum motor without combustion - has vacuum produced artificially in cylinder chamber and working with atmospheric air to drive piston |
| RU2117787C1 (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1998-08-20 | Анфиноген Алексеевич Лесников | Internal combustion engine |
| RU2136925C1 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1999-09-10 | Шалаев Владимир Григорьевич | Piston machine |
| DE10004167A1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2001-08-09 | Trubitz Ramona | Air or gas engine has several piston-cylinder units driving crankshaft operating control device for supplying piston-cylinder units with pressure and suction on both sides |
-
2008
- 2008-08-08 UA UAA200810221A patent/UA89894C2/en unknown
-
2009
- 2009-02-10 WO PCT/UA2009/000005 patent/WO2010019112A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2023746A (en) * | 1978-02-07 | 1980-01-03 | Dickson W | Vacuum-operated motor for driving electrical generator |
| DE4131627A1 (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-03-25 | Peter Selig | Vacuum motor without combustion - has vacuum produced artificially in cylinder chamber and working with atmospheric air to drive piston |
| RU2117787C1 (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1998-08-20 | Анфиноген Алексеевич Лесников | Internal combustion engine |
| RU2136925C1 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1999-09-10 | Шалаев Владимир Григорьевич | Piston machine |
| DE10004167A1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2001-08-09 | Trubitz Ramona | Air or gas engine has several piston-cylinder units driving crankshaft operating control device for supplying piston-cylinder units with pressure and suction on both sides |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| UA89894C2 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
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