GB2074231A - Improvements in or relating to reciprocating internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to reciprocating internal combustion engines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2074231A GB2074231A GB8032976A GB8032976A GB2074231A GB 2074231 A GB2074231 A GB 2074231A GB 8032976 A GB8032976 A GB 8032976A GB 8032976 A GB8032976 A GB 8032976A GB 2074231 A GB2074231 A GB 2074231A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- reciprocating internal
- combustion chamber
- annular
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0678—Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets
- F02B23/0687—Multiple bowls in the piston, e.g. one bowl per fuel spray jet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/04—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being subdivided into two or more chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B23/104—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on a side position of the cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B2023/108—Swirl flow, i.e. the axis of rotation of the main charge flow motion is vertical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
- F02B23/0621—Squish flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
- F02B23/0624—Swirl flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
- F02B23/066—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray the injector being located substantially off-set from the cylinder centre axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
A reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising an annular combustion chamber 9 adapted to produce a swirl of gas around the chamber during the compression stroke whereby efficient fuel/air mixing is facilitated. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to reciprocating internal combustion engines.
This invention relates to reciprocating internal combustion engines.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a reciprocating internal combustion engine wherein improved efficiency is afforded due to especially effective fuel/air mixing.
According to the present invention a reciprocating internal combustion engine comprises an annular combustion chamber adapted to produce a swirl of gas around the chamber during the compression stroke whereby efficient fuel/air mixing is facilitated.
According to one embodiment of the invention the engine comprises a piston having the annular combustion chamber formed in the crown thereof.
According to another embodiment of the invention the engine comprises a cylinder head having formed therein the annular combustion chamber.
According to a further embodiment of the invention the engine may comprise a cylinder head and piston wherein the annular combustion chamber is formed partly in the cylinder head and partly in the crown of the piston.
The adaptation of the said chamber which produces the said swirl may comprise helical grooves or helical vanes or the like formed in the annular wall of the said chamber.
Alternatively, the adaptation may comprise offsetting the centre of the annular combustion chamber so that the cross section of the combustion chamber varies progressively from a maximum to a minimum.
It is to be understood that the term annular when used herein is intended to include a ring like chamber of any suitable cross section, and for convenience of machining the annular combustion chamber may be circular, oval, square, trapezium shaped or rectangular in cross section.
Although an engine according to the present invention may be a two stroke or a four stroke engine utilising a carburettor it is especially contemplated that the engine may be a diesel or other engine utilising fuel injection.
Accordingiy, the engine may comprise fuel injection means including a nozzle arranged to project into the combustion chamber.
Preferably, although not essentially, the nozzle is arranged to inject fuel into the chamber in a direction which corresponds with the gas swirl direction around the annular combustion chamber.
It will be readily appreciated that the engine will include inlet and exhaust ports and/or valve means and be constructed in accordance with established techniques. Thus in the case of petrol engines, spark plugs or the like together with ignition pulse generator means will be provided whereas in the case of diesel engines relying on compression ignition such equipment will not be required.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side view of a piston and cylinder head;
Figure 2 is a generally schematic perspective view of the cylinder head shown in Figure 1 as seen from the cylinder bore;
Figure 3 is a generally schematic perspective view of the crown of the piston shown in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a sectional side view of a piston and cylinder head as shown in Figure 1 wherein the piston is positioned towards the bottom of the stroke;
Figure 5 is a sectional side view of a piston and cylinder head wherein an annular combustion chamber, of generally rectangular cross section is formed in the cylinder head;;
Figure 6 is a sectional side view of a piston and cylinder head wherein a combustion chamber of generally rectangular cross section is formed in the piston;
Figure 7 is a generally schematic perspective view of the piston shown in Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a generally schematic plan view showing gas flow in the combustion chamber;
Figure 9 is a generally schematic perspective view of an annular combustion chamber including helical grooves to facilitate gas air mixing; arid
Figure 10 is a generally schematic perspective view of an annular combustion chamber showing helical vanes to facilitate gas air mixing;
Referring now to Figure 1 an internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder head 1 which is bolted to a cylinder block 2 (by bolts not shown) having machined therein a cylinder which accommodates a piston 3.The piston is sealed against walls 2a of the cylinder by means of a sealer ring 4, a scraper ring 5 and oil sealing rings 6 and 7. The piston 3 is caused to reciprocate in the bore in the cylinder 2a by forces transmitted through a connecting rod 8. The piston 3 which is shown at top dead centre in Figure 1, includes an annular recess 9 which aligns with a similar annular recess 10 formed in the cylinder head 1 to define an annular combustion chamber when the piston 3 is positioned at top dead centre as shown. Valves tl a, 1 b are provided to permit air to be admitted to the combustion chamber and to permit the scavenging of exhaust gases. In Figure 1 only one of these valves 1 a is shown.At or towards the top of the compression stroke, fuel is injected into the annular combustion chamber 9, 10 through a fuel injection nozzle 1 2. The position of the fuel injection nozzle 12 and the valves 1 a and 1 b are shown more clearly in Figure 2 and the shape of the annular cpmbustion chamber 9 and the cylinder 3 can be more clearly seen from
Figure 3. The position of the piston towards the bottom of its stroke can be seen in Figure 4 and corresponding parts in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 bear the same numerical designations.
The arrangement just before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 shows an annular combustion chamber formed partly in the cylinder head 1 and partly in the piston 3.
Alternatively however an arrangement may be
provided as shown in Figure 5 wherein the
combustion chamber is formed by a generally
annular recess 13 in a cylinder head 14. The arrangement of Figure 5 is generally similar to
Figure 1 and includes a valve 15, a piston 1 6 and
an associated connecting rod 1 7.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 6, an annular
combustion chamber may be provided by
machining an annular recess 1 8 in the crown of a
piston 1 9 which is driven by a connecting rod 20.
Again the general arrangement is similar to Figure 1 but in common with Figure 5 the annular combustion chamber has a generally rectangular cross section. The recess 1 8 in the piston crown 1 9 is most clearly shown in Figure 7.
It will be appreciated that the general construction of the arrangement shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7 is similar to the construction shown in
Figure 1 and so further description of Figures 5, 6 and 7 is believed to be unnecessary.
With the arrangements just before described the combustion chamber is arranged to be an eccentric, or off centre annulus in which the cross section changes progressively from a maximum to a minimum. This eccentricity is introduced to produce a swirling of the gases around the annular combustion chamber. The manner in which this swirl action is brought about will now be described with reference to Figure 8.
Referring now to Figure 8 a generally annular combustion chamber 21 is shown which affords a swirl path for gases around a central boss 22. As can be seen from the drawing the boss is arranged eccentrically so that the cross section of the chamber varies from a maximum at the point 23 to a minimum at the point 24 which is diametrically opposite. In operation of an engine including a combustion chamber as shown in
Figure 8, as the piston nears the top of a compression stroke air is forced across the top of the piston in the general direction of the arrows 25 as it seeks the deepest part of the chamber around region 26 so that gases are constrained to swirl around the combustion chamber in a clockwise direction.Fuel is injected into the air flow through a fuel injection nozzle as just before described and due to the swirling nature of the gases is thoroughly mixed with the air and ignited due to the heat of compression. Expansion due to initial combustion takes place in the region 26 and continues in a clockwise direction so that circulation of unused air continues as long as injection and combustion continues.
Referring now to Figure 9, as an alternative to the eccentric, (relative to the cylinder centre), combustion chamber arrangement shown in the previous drawings an annular combustion chamber having helical grooves 27 in a chamber 28 may be provided to facilitate swirling of compressed gases around the chamber.
Alternatively as shown in Figure 10 vanes 29
may be included in a combustion chamber 30 to produce a similar effect.
Various modifications may be made to the arrangement just before described without
departing from the scope of the invention and for
example as an alternative to the injector shown an
engine may be provided in which fuel and air is fed
to the annular combustion chamber through an
inlet valve which, with the exhaust valve, may in one embodiment be positioned to form part of the
annular chamber itself. Various other
modifications may be made to the arrangement
shown as will be appreciated by those skilled in
the art.
Claims (9)
1. A reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising an annular compression chamber adapted to produce a swirl of gas around the chamber during the compression stroke whereby efficient fuel/air mixing is facilitated.
2. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to claim 1 in which the engine comprises a piston having the annular combustion chamber formed in the crown thereof.
3. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to claim 1 in which the engine comprises a cylinder head having formed therein the annular combustion chamber.
4. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to claim 1 in which the engine comprises a cylinder head and a piston wherein the annular combustion chamber is formed partly in the cylinder head and partly in the crown of the piston,
5. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims in which the annular combustion chamber comprises helical grooves or helical vanes or the like formed in the annular wail of the said chamber.
6. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which the centre of the annular combustion chamber is offset so that the cross section of the combustion chamber varies progressively from a maximum to a minimum.
7. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to any one of the preceding claims in which the engine utilises fuel injection.
8. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to claim 7 and comprising fuel injection means including a nozzle arranged to project into the combustion chamber.
9. A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to claim 8 in which the nozzle is arranged to inject fuel into the chamber in a direction which corresponds with the gas swirl direction around the annular combustion chamber.
1 0. A reciprocating internal combustion engine substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8032976A GB2074231A (en) | 1980-04-01 | 1980-10-13 | Improvements in or relating to reciprocating internal combustion engines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8010845 | 1980-04-01 | ||
| GB8032976A GB2074231A (en) | 1980-04-01 | 1980-10-13 | Improvements in or relating to reciprocating internal combustion engines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2074231A true GB2074231A (en) | 1981-10-28 |
Family
ID=26275042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8032976A Withdrawn GB2074231A (en) | 1980-04-01 | 1980-10-13 | Improvements in or relating to reciprocating internal combustion engines |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2074231A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0111966A2 (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-06-27 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Internal combustion engine |
| EP0226143A2 (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1987-06-24 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Thermal fatigue resistant cylinder head |
| EP0249699A2 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1987-12-23 | Nippon Clean Engine Research Institute Co., Ltd. | A fuel injection type internal combustion engine |
| WO2013152870A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-17 | Mwm Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| US9464593B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2016-10-11 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| US9670829B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2017-06-06 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| WO2018017028A1 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-25 | Ggi Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A. S. | Combustion chamber for internal combustion engine for use in ci and si engines |
-
1980
- 1980-10-13 GB GB8032976A patent/GB2074231A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0111966A2 (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-06-27 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Internal combustion engine |
| EP0111966A3 (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1986-03-05 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Internal combustion engine |
| EP0226143A2 (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1987-06-24 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Thermal fatigue resistant cylinder head |
| EP0226143A3 (en) * | 1985-12-12 | 1988-11-09 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Thermal fatigue resistant cylinder head |
| EP0249699A2 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1987-12-23 | Nippon Clean Engine Research Institute Co., Ltd. | A fuel injection type internal combustion engine |
| EP0249699A3 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1989-08-23 | Nippon Clean Engine Research Institute Co., Ltd. | A fuel injection type internal combustion engine |
| WO2013152870A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-17 | Mwm Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| AT514641A5 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2015-05-15 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| AT514641B1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2016-03-15 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| US9464593B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2016-10-11 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| US9476381B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2016-10-25 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| US9670829B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2017-06-06 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions Gmbh | Piston of an internal combustion engine |
| WO2018017028A1 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-25 | Ggi Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A. S. | Combustion chamber for internal combustion engine for use in ci and si engines |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |