RU2117155C1 - Method for combined development of deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: this is intended basically for development of stratified mineral deposits by means of powered mining complex. According to method, undertaken are opencast operations with removing overburden and extracting minerals, also performed are underground mining operations including driving of opening and development workings, cutting mounting hall, assembly of powered stoping complex, and execution of underground stoping operations. Side of overburden bench of final pass in section of opencast operations and ventilation entry of first stoping pillow are located along strike of seam along boundary between opencast and underground activities. In development of final opencast bench, left above seam of mineral is stratum of empty rock of at least 3 m thick, and extraction of mineral contained in protective pillars is carried out after first stoping pillar is mined by powered stoping complex and after caving of main roof above worked-out space. Mounting hall for powered mining complex is driven at boundary of stoping pillar on dipping of seam. Application of aforesaid method allows for preventing loss of mineral in protective pillars, improving conditions of roof control at hard-to-cave rock, increasing productivity of powered mining complex, and making mineral extracting operations more uniform. EFFECT: high efficiency.

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the combined development of mineral deposits.

 There is a method of combined development of deposits, in which for underground mining operations the installation of the complex is carried out on the surface [1].

The disadvantages of this method are:
the inability to turn on the complex at low ambient temperatures;
the complexity of the excavation of pillars in the fall with inclined seams;
the need for long-term maintenance of free space between the side of the ledge and the internal dump of waste rock.

 Closest to the proposed one is a method of open-underground mining of deposits, including a scheme for mining excavation sites with long pillars for dip - strike and rebellion, when the complex is mounted in an open pit, put into a reservoir for mining by dip, and then work out a long pillar along strike and uprising with access to the surface in open pit [2].

The disadvantages of this method are:
large losses of minerals in the pillars between the open pit and the extraction column;
the complexity of the extraction and transportation of minerals associated with the turns of the complex;
great danger of work when the complex comes to the surface;
the impossibility of the complex at negative temperatures of atmospheric air when entering it into the reservoir.

 The proposed method of combined development of deposits differs from the prototype in that the overburden ledge of the last entry of the opencast mining section and the ventilation drift of the first excavation column of underground operations are located along the strike along the boundary between the open and underground operations, they are left during mining of the last sunset over the formation of minerals and ventilation drift layer of waste rock with a capacity of at least 3 m, and further work on the development of the remaining layer of waste rock and excavation mineral owls located in guard pillars are led after excavation by the complex of the first excavation column and collapse of the main roof over the worked-out space, and the installation chamber for the complex is carried out at the boundary of the excavation column by the dip of the formation.

 Introduced into the claims, such an essential feature as the fact that the overburden ledge of the last winding of the open casting section and the ventilation drift of the first excavation column of underground work is located along the strike along the boundary between the open and underground work, provides the most advanced technology for mining - long columns along strike. At the same time, the transition from open-pit mining to underground mining occurs along the border between them, previously calculated and determined by known methods.

 An essential sign that during the development of the last drill, a layer of waste rock with a thickness of at least 3 m is left over the mineral layer and the ventilation drift. It allows overburden work of the last drill using the same technology and the same mechanization tools that were used in previous runs, without mining stops. In addition, the remaining rock layer with a thickness of at least 3 m significantly improves roof management during mining of the first pillar, which is especially important for hard-to-collapse roofs (for example, in permafrost), and ensures reliable ventilation of the working face.

 An essential sign that further work on the development of the remaining layer of waste rock and the extraction of mineral reserves located in the guard pillars after the complex excavates the first excavation column and collapses the main roof over the worked out space makes it possible to extract mineral reserves, to ensure the completeness of the notch. For this purpose, less lightweight, mobile equipment can be used. The extraction of pillars is possible to coincide with the periods of remounting of complexes.

 An essential sign that the installation chamber for the complex is carried out at the boundary of the extraction column by the dip of the formation increases the completeness of the excavation of the formation within the mine field, since it does not provide for turns of the complex and improves its productivity.

 In FIG. 1 shows in plan a section of a field during the development of the last run; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - a plan of the field site at the time of mining the excavation pillar by underground operations and a reflow and excavation of pillars in open works; in FIG. 4 is a section BB in FIG. 3.

 The conventions adopted in FIG. 1-4: 1 - the last entry of stripping operations; 2 - board overburden ledge; 3 - the boundary between open and underground mining; 4 - ventilation drift; 5 - excavation column; 6 - recoil (conveyor) drift; 7 - a layer of mineral; 8 - layer of abandoned waste rocks; 9 - treatment plant; 10 - the main roof; 11 - security pillars.

 The method of combined development of mineral deposits is as follows.

 The last entry of 1 overburden operations in the open casting area during the combined development of mineral deposits is positioned so that the overburden ledge 2 coincides with the boundary 3 between open and underground mining. Along the boundary 3, a ventilation drift 4 of the excavation column 5, contoured by a recoil (conveyor) drift 6 and a mounting chamber (not shown), held at the boundary of the extraction column 5 along the dip of the formation, is located and carried out. When the last entry 1 is excavated above the mineral layer 7 and the ventilation drift 4, a layer of waste rock 8 with a thickness of at least 3 m is left. Then, the treatment complex 9 is mounted in the mounting chamber of the extraction column 5 and put into operation, and after excavation of the extraction column 5 and collapse rocks of the main roof 10 produce an overburden of the empty rock layer 8, using a less powerful overburden technique, and excavation of the guard pillars 11 of the mineral, thereby achieving the completeness of its excavation. The recess of the pillars 11 should be confined to the time of re-assembly of the complex 9 from one extraction column to another.

The advantages of this method are
the exclusion of mineral losses in security pillars;
improvement of roof management conditions for hard-to-break rocks;
more productive work of the complex due to the lack of its turns;
uniform mining work.

Claims (1)

 A method of combined development of deposits, including overburden and mining operations by open cast mining, underground excavation and preparation of mine workings, installation chamber installation, installation of a treatment complex in it and conducting underground mining works, characterized in that the overburden ledge of the last sunset of the opencast section and the ventilation drift of the first excavation pillar of underground work is located along the strike of the formation along the boundary between open and underground work, left during mining of the last overburden ledge above the mineral layer and ventilation drift, a layer of waste rock with a thickness of at least 3 m, and further work on the development of the remaining layer of waste rock and the extraction of mineral reserves located in the guard pillars are carried out after excavation of the first excavation column and the collapse of the main roof over the worked-out space, and the mounting chamber for the complex is carried out at the boundary of the excavation column by the dip of the formation.

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