RU2116418C1 - Grain storage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: grain storage has following components: grain storing structures, devices for grain moving and cleaning, swinging loading devices, grain drier, weighing facility, receiving bin, dispatching bin, and accumulating bins. Grain storing structures are made in the form of rectangular towers which are divided inside by inclined partitions into sections. Grain moving device is made up of turbocompressor, charging grain duct having lifting line and lowering line, discharge grain ducts, and tower bottom conveyors. Lifting line of charging grain duct is connected with turbocompressor and with device for gain release from receiving bin. Located on lowering line of charging grain duct opposite to inlet spouts of tower sections are swinging loading devices and grain distributing device. Discharge grain ducts are connected with outlet spouts of tower sections by means of grain release devices, and arranged under them are tower bottom conveyors which are brought to receiving bin. Grain cleaning device is made in the form of funnel-shape chamber located in upper part of grain charging duct and side air outlet branch with vertical pipe. Upper end of this pipe is open to atmosphere. Lower end of pipe is connected with waste collecting bin. Aforesaid construction of grain storage is simple in design. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to facilities for storing grain and can be used for processing and long-term storage of grain, including directly in grain-producing farms.

 Granaries made in the form of various warehouses and elevators are known. Warehouses are the simplest type of storage, they use the floor method of grain storage, they can be non-mechanized and mechanized. Non-mechanized warehouses are equipped with means of mobile mechanization, and mechanized ones are equipped with upper and lower stationary conveyors and can be with horizontal and inclined floors. Recently, they are widely used aeroglove. Elevators have a much more complex structure and consist of a working building and silos. The working building houses the main technological equipment containing devices for loading and unloading grain, cleaning, drying, sorting, weighing devices, suction, ventilation and other equipment. The silos are composed of silos, silo and silo galleries. The linking of the working building and the silo buildings is carried out with the help of silo and silo conveyors. Recently, metal granaries have become widespread, which consist of metal silos with a central rack, connected on top of a transport gallery, supported by central racks and walls of silos. For loading grain, they use a chain conveyor installed in the upper gallery, and for unloading - a belt conveyor located in a tunnel under silos or aerial tunnels [2].

 The main disadvantages of warehouses and metal granaries are difficulties in processing grain to ensure its long-term preservation, low productivity when loading and unloading. Elevators are a more advanced type of granaries and provide the best preservation of grain and a high degree of mechanization of work. Their disadvantages include the complexity and material consumption of the structure, a complex system of numerous moving mechanisms (elevators, conveyors, etc.) for grain movements, various equipment for grain processing and dust removal, consuming a large amount of energy, long paths and low speed of grain movements.

 The closest in technical essence is the granary, which contains adjacent grain storage housings interconnected by horizontal connections, a device for its vertical movements, turret conveyors, rotary loading devices, a grain cleaning device, a grain dryer, a weighing device, a receiving, dispensing and storage bins . Cases for storing grain in this granary consist of silos formed by concentric round or polygonal shells with radial walls mounted concentrically relative to each other, and rotary loading devices are made in the form of rotary tubes with gravity tubes to fill containers installed in the center of each silo. The main technological equipment for moving and processing grain is placed according to the traditional scheme in a working building, built between the buildings, and consists of known devices (elevators and conveyors for moving grain, air-screen separators for cleaning it, etc.). The weighing device is located in the upper part of the working building [1].

 The main disadvantages of the described granary are the complexity of its design, the complex system of numerous moving mechanisms (elevators, conveyors, etc.) for grain movements, the availability of diverse equipment for grain processing and dust removal, consuming a large amount of energy, long journeys and low speed of grain movements.

 The aim of the invention is to simplify the design of the granary, providing processing, moving grain, removing dust with a small amount of simple technical means, reducing energy consumption, reducing paths and increasing the speed of grain movement.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the granary, containing adjacent standing housing for storing grain, interconnected by horizontal connections, a device for its vertical movements, turret conveyors, rotary loading devices, a grain cleaning device, grain dryer, weighing device, receiving, tempering and storage bins, cases for storing grain are made in the form of rectangular towers, separated by inclined partitions into separate bins, at the upper and lower points of which are installed input and output troughs, a device for vertical movement of grain consists of a turbocompressor, a loading grain duct containing the lifting and lowering branches, and unloading grain breeders, while the lifting branch of the loading grain duct in the lower part is connected to the turbocompressor and the device for discharging grain from the receiving hopper, and trigger branch opposite the input grooves of bins rotary loading devices are placed, equipped with rotary control dampers, unloading grain ducts are connected to the output gutters Both bins are equipped with exhaust devices and under them are placed turret conveyors led to the receiving hopper, the grain cleaning device is made in the form of a funnel-shaped chamber installed in the upper part of the loading grain duct, and a lateral air vent connected to it with a vertical pipe, the upper end of which communicates with the atmosphere, and the bottom is connected to a storage hopper for collecting and removing waste.

 A grain dryer can be placed between the towers, equipped with input and output storage bins, its entrance can be located opposite one of the upper rotary loading devices, and the output is connected to the receiving hopper.

 The weighing device can be installed under the receiving hopper that is rigidly fixed to it.

 In addition, in order to ensure the possibility of increasing the degree of grain cleaning due to its multiple passage through the cleaning device, a distribution device equipped with a control flap and connected to the receiving and dispensing bins can be installed on the trigger branch of the loading grain duct.

 The implementation of the buildings for storing grain in the form of rectangular towers, divided by inclined partitions into separate bins, can significantly simplify the design of the granary while maintaining the necessary strength due to the possibility of installing the corresponding power elements in the side walls of the towers and in the inclined partitions. Application for vertical movements of grain of the device as a part of a turbocompressor, a loading grain duct with rotary loading devices installed opposite the inlet grooves of bins and unloading grain breeders connected to the output grooves of the bins by exhaust devices, supplying rotary loading devices with rotary control flaps, connecting the lifting branch of the loading grain duct in the lower part with a turbocompressor and an outlet of the receiving hopper, and the trigger branch with the vacation b nker, the installation of turret conveyors under the unloading grain ducts, brought to the receiving hopper, makes it possible to ensure any movement of grain (loading, unloading, moving from any bunker to any other) in a closed way using a minimum number of moving mechanisms with minimal dust formation and simultaneous ventilation of grain, significantly reduce the path and increase the speed of its movements. Installing a weighing device under the receiving hopper, performing a grain cleaning device in the form of a funnel-shaped chamber in the upper part of the loading grain duct and a lateral air vent connected to it with a vertical pipe, the upper end of which communicates with the atmosphere, placing a grain dryer between the towers with an entrance opposite one of the upper rotary loading devices , the connection of its output with the receiving hopper allows for weighing, cleaning, drying and cooling of grain, dust removal using a small amount of a simple technical means, which generally enables to provide any movement and processing of grains using a minimum amount of energy consuming devices and greatly reduce the expense of the required energy for grain storage.

 In FIG. 1 shows the device of the proposed granary, section AA in figure 2; in FIG. 2 - section BB in figure 1.

 The granary contains housing for storing grain 1, a device for moving grain, rotary loading devices 2, a grain cleaning device, a grain dryer 3, a weighing device 4, receiving 5, dispensing 6 and storage bins 7 - 9.

 Cases for storing grain 1 are made in the form of four towers rectangular in plan adjacent to each other, interconnected by horizontal ties 10 and divided by inclined partitions 11 into separate bins 12 in the form of acute-angled parallelepipeds, at the upper and lower points of which input 13 and output 14 gutters are installed.

 The device for moving grain consists of a turbocharger 15, a loading grain duct 16, containing a lifting and launching branch, unloading grain breeders 17 and turret conveyors 18 located in tunnels under the unloading grain breeders 17 and brought to the receiving hopper 5. A lifting branch of the loading grain bore 16 is installed between the towers and in the lower part it is connected to a turbocompressor 15 and a device for discharging grain 19 from a receiving hopper 5, and a trigger branch is installed in the center of the structure between the towers and on it opposite the input Lobov 13 bins 12 are arranged rotary charging devices 2 and the dispenser 20 connected with a receiver 5 and 6 holiday hoppers. Unloading grain ducts 17 are located on the outer sides of the towers and are connected to the output chutes 14 of the bins 12 by the exhaust devices 19. The rotary loading devices 2 and the distribution device 20 are provided with rotary control valves 22.

 The grain cleaning device is made in the form of a funnel-shaped chamber 23 installed in the upper part of the loading grain duct 16 and a side air vent 24 connected to it with a vertical pipe 25, the upper end of which communicates with the atmosphere, and the lower end is connected to the storage hopper 7 for collecting and removing waste.

 A grain dryer 3 is placed between the towers, equipped with an input 8 and output 9 storage bins, its entrance is located opposite one of the upper rotary loading devices 2, and the output is connected to a receiving hopper 5.

 The weighing device 4 is installed under the receiving hopper 5, which is rigidly fixed on it.

 Devices work as follows.

 During cleaning, grain is fed from the receiving hopper 5 through the exhaust device 19 to the lower part of the lifting branch of the loading grain duct 16, through which, under the action of the air stream created by the turbocompressor 15, it rises upward, is ventilated and throws into the funnel-shaped chamber 23. The grain flies downward trajectories, falls on the walls of the funnel-shaped chamber 23, pours down and along the trigger branch of the loading grain duct 10 through the distribution device 20 returns to the receiving hopper 5. Air together with garbage , Husks and dust out in the side vozduhootvodnik 24, which widens and slows its speed. Debris, husk and dust are deposited down and down the vertical pipe 25 into the storage hopper 7, and air through the upper end of the vertical pipe 25 enters the atmosphere. The quality control of cleaning is carried out visually through the windows in the receiving hopper 5.

 When drying, the grain is fed up from the receiving hopper 5 in the same way as during cleaning, and then through the upper rotary loading device 2 it is sent to the input storage hopper 8, from where it is gradually poured into the grain dryer 3, into the upper part of which hot air is supplied, and to the lower - cold. When passing grain through the upper part of the grain dryer 3, it is dried, and when passing through the lower - its cooling. The grain passed through the grain dryer 3 is collected in the output storage hopper 9, from where it is returned to the receiving hopper 5.

 When loading the grain is fed upward from the receiving hopper 5 along the lifting branch of the loading grain duct 16, and then through the trigger branch through the rotary loading device 2 is sent to the desired bunker 12.

 When unloading grain from the required bunker 12 through the discharge devices 21 is sprinkled by gravity through the unloading grain breeders 17 to the turret conveyors 18, which move it to the receiving hopper 5. From the receiving hopper 5, the grain is fed through the loading grain bore 16 through the distribution device 20 to the dispensing hopper 6, from where unloaded into the vehicle.

 When moving from one bunker 12 to another or during “shoveling”, the grain moves as it does during unloading, and then through rotary loading devices 2 it is sent to the required bunker 12.

 The procedure for receiving grain in the warehouse, its processing and dispensing is as follows.

 The grain coming through the receiving hopper is hung, it is cleaned of impurities and dust and loaded into bins for temporary storage. During cleaning, grain is simultaneously dried by air flow. The storage is loaded in such a way that at least one of the bins remains free (backup).

 After the storage is fully loaded, either in grain-free periods of time, it is fed from a bunker portionwise into a grain dryer, and the dried and cooled grain is loaded into a bins free of impurities and dust. After filling the free bins, the next bins released are cleaned, dried and used to load the next portion of dried and chilled grain.

 After drying and cooling of the whole grain is completed, its moisture and temperature are periodically monitored. When the temperature or humidity increases above the permissible norms, grain is re-processed (additional drying and cooling). If necessary, only cooling the grain, cold air is supplied to the upper and lower parts of the grain dryer.

 During the holiday, the grain is unloaded from any bunker into the receiving hopper, weighed and shipped to the vehicle.

 The implementation of the cases for storing grain in the form of rectangular towers, divided by inclined baffles into separate bins, the use of a turbocompressor for loading grain, a loading grain duct with rotary loading devices and unloading grain breeders, placement of turret conveyors below them, brought to the receiving hopper, can significantly simplify the design of the grain storage when maintaining the necessary strength, to ensure any movement of grain (loading, unloading, moving from any bunker to any another battle) in a closed way with minimal dust formation, while ventilating the grain with minimal use of moving mechanisms, significantly reduce paths and increase the speed of grain movement, and the implementation of the grain cleaning device in the form of a funnel-shaped chamber installed in the upper part of the loading grain duct, and a side one connected to it an air vent with a vertical pipe, placing a grain dryer between the towers with an entrance opposite one of the upper rotary loading devices, connecting it to progress with the receiving hopper provides cleaning, drying, cooling, grain and dust removing a small amount of simple technical means, which in general makes it possible to provide any movement and processing of grains using a minimum amount of energy consuming devices and greatly reduce the expense of the necessary for granaries energy.

 The ability to move grain from any bunker to any other allows, if necessary, to equip one of them in the form of a gas chamber and use it to process grain.

 If necessary, sorting and other equipment can be placed between the towers, similar to a grain dryer.

All of the above generally makes it possible to provide:
rapid construction of a granary from typical metal structures;
high strength, durability and fire safety of the store;
quick loading and unloading of grain;
grain reception in storage directly from combines;
reception and loading of grain in any bunker;
unloading and dispensing of grain from any bunker;
moving grain from any bunker to any other;
grain weighing during reception, vacation and any movements inside the store;
cleaning, drying and ventilating the grain, both during reception and at any time during storage;
long-term storage in one storehouse of various types of grain;
automated management of reception, shipment, movement and processing of grain by maintenance personnel consisting of 1 - 2 operators.

Claims (4)

 1. Granary, containing adjacent standing housing for storing grain, interconnected by horizontal connections, a device for its vertical movements, turret conveyors, rotary loading devices, grain cleaning device, grain dryer, weighing device, receiving, dispensing and storage bins, characterized in that the cases for storing grain are made in the form of rectangular towers, divided by inclined partitions into separate bins, at the upper and lower points of which the input and output are installed troughs, a device for vertical movement of grain consists of a turbocompressor, a loading grain duct containing a lifting and lowering branches, and unloading grain breeders, while the lifting branch of a loading grain duct in the lower part is connected to a turbocompressor and a device for discharging grain from the receiving hopper, and on the drain opposite the input rotary loading devices, equipped with rotary control dampers, are placed in the grooves of the bins, unloading grain ducts are connected to the output grooves of the bins of the outlet with the devices and under them are placed turret conveyors led to the receiving hopper, the grain cleaning device is made in the form of a funnel-shaped chamber installed in the upper part of the loading grain duct, and a side air vent connected to it with a vertical pipe, the upper end of which communicates with the atmosphere, and the lower one is connected with storage bin for waste collection and disposal.  2. The granary according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain dryer is located between the towers, is equipped with input and output storage bins, its entrance is located opposite one of the upper rotary loading devices, and the output is connected to the receiving hopper.  3. The granary according to claim 1, characterized in that the weighing device is installed under a receiving hopper rigidly fixed thereon.  4. The granary according to claim 1, characterized in that on the trigger branch of the loading grain duct there is a switchgear equipped with a control flap and connected to the receiving and dispensing bins.

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