RU2113286C1 - Grain cleaning and drying complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: complex includes six bunkers-accumulators three of which are divided in half into sections by blind partitions. Complex also includes cleaning machines positioned in pairs on one level, in one production line. Every second machine in production pair operates in succession with the first one. Proposed complex allows treatment of grain and seeds according to different production circuits. EFFECT: higher efficiency and quality of seed treatment. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to post-harvest processing of grain and seeds, mainly cereals.

 Known grain cleaning and drying complex KZSh-25Sh, containing a truck unloader, feeder, scraper conveyor, grain elevator (7 pcs.), A preliminary cleaning machine, a primary cleaning machine, trie blocks (2 pcs.), A block of bins (2 bins) temporary grain storage, block of storage bins (3 bins), aspiration system, aeration system, sets of grain pipelines, control stations (3 pcs.), shaft dryer, furnace block, metal fittings.

The disadvantages of the known complex are:
1. The KZS-25Sh complex is designed for post-harvest processing of grain for food and feed purposes, and the seed material must be passed two or three times through the cleaning unit of this complex, or the complex must be supplemented with the seed cleaning attachment SP-10A containing secondary cleaning machines SVU-10 (2 pcs. .) pneumatic sorting tables SPS-5 (2 pcs.), a block of storage bins (3 bins), grain elevators (2 pcs.), aspiration systems, a control station, a set of grain pipelines, metal fittings, which complicates the design of the complex and more expensive the cost.

 2. In the SP-10A prefix, according to the project, the pneumatic sorting tables work in parallel and therefore it is impossible to re-clean the grain material of the second fraction (light material) in them, isolated by them, which contains part of the complete material and part of light impurities (on the table deck cannot a specific boundary between the individual fractions should be established and therefore, each of them contains particles of neighboring fractions). As a result, a lot of full-fledged grain goes into the second fraction, which the seed agronomists carry to the GOST class III for seeds and transfer to the fodder.

 3. The MPO-50 pre-treatment machine does not have sowing sieves and therefore only large and light impurities are separated from the grain heap, and small impurities that are wetter than the main grain do not separate, and they are sent to the drying together with the grain, thereby reducing the performance of the dryer, and then the primary cleaning machine ZVS-20A, therefore, increasing the energy consumption for drying and cleaning.

 4. The cleaning department of the complex has only three storage bins, of which two are divided into sections. These sections are insufficient in volume for feed grain and waste, and therefore, frequent removal of them is required, and consequently, frequent cleaning of the body of a car engaged in servicing grain current, which takes a lot of machine time and labor of the driver.

 The aim of the invention is to increase productivity, quality of seed treatment, yield of full grain, ease of maintenance, reducing the cost of processing.

 The goal is achieved by improving the processing technology of the source material, selecting pairwise simple in design cleaning machines and their consistent operation in each pair.

 The drawing shows a diagram of two proposed homogeneous grain cleaning and drying complexes, interlocked in one structure, plan.

 The complex is universal, designed for post-harvest processing of grain and seeds of various crops, mainly cereal seed crops.

 The complex includes: a reception department, temporary storage and cleaning of heap I, a drying department II, an arched type III granary, locksmith IV, pantry V.

 The complex of technological equipment of the complex includes: receiving hopper 1; grain noriya 2, 8, 20; grain pipelines 3, 7, 9, 18, 19, 21, 28, 31, 32; air-sieve machines of preliminary and primary cleaning 4, 5; primary grain section 6; secondary air-sieve machines 10, 12; shipping scraper conveyor 11; portable screw loader 13; section for grain I class sowing standard 14; section for grain of class II 15; weighing apparatus 16; bag sewing machine 17; Active ventilation bins with improved design 22 (4 pcs.); air ducts 23, 24; air heater 25; belt conveyor 26, section for dry grain 27; sorting pneumatic tables 29, 33; section for grain of class III 30; section for feed grain 34; cyclones 35, 36; waste bins 37, 38; air ducts 39, 42; scraper conveyor 40; hopper for feed grain 41; centrifugal fan 43; control stations 44, 45; autocar, self-propelled grain thrower.

 All grain cleaning machines are located on the same level on a block of six storage bins, of which three are divided in half by blank partitions into sections. The bunkers are arranged in two rows in an arch-type building made of a metal frame and supports. Bunkers act as fractions for cleaning grain heaps, as well as unloading them into vehicles. Active ventilation bins and an air heater are also installed in an arch-type building made of a metal frame and supports.

 All grain elevators are installed above the zero mark by 0.1 m for ease of installation and maintenance, as well as the protection of their lower heads from exposure to dampness and subsoil water. The complex has neither a blockage pit, nor a pit, nor a groove, nor a depression.

 Cyclones are mounted above the waste bins.

 Machines and mechanisms are remotely controlled from control stations that are equipped with a locking system, sound and light alarms.

 The complex is served by two people.

 The complex can process grain and seeds of various crops, various humidity and weediness using the required technological schemes.

 Scheme 1 - for the treatment of low-clogged crops that do not require heating, drying or drying: preliminary cleaning - primary cleaning - secondary cleaning on an air-sieve machine in a block with puppet tee cylinders - secondary cleaning on an air-sieve machine in a block with oat-bore cylinders.

 Scheme 2 - for the treatment of low-clogged crops requiring heating, drying or drying; preliminary cleaning - primary cleaning - warming up, drying or drying - then secondary cleaning according to scheme 1.

 Scheme 3 - for processing material containing hard-to-separate weeds: first they process according to scheme 2, then they continue to process on two pneumatic sorting tables working in series (not all grain is passed through the second table, but only exit 11 from the first table).

 According to scheme 1, the complex works as follows.

 The grain heap delivered from the field or grain current site is discharged into the receiving hopper 1, which in the upper part has a metal mesh to separate large particles (plant stems, stones, lumps of soil and other objects). From bunker 1, grain heap flows by gravity or is fed with an inclined screw to elevator 2 (refinery-20), which sends grain to the pre-cleaner 4 (OVS-25 stationary execution) through grain line 3. Pre-cleaned grain by the conveyor of the machine 4 is fed into the machine 5 (OVS-25 stationary execution), configured for primary cleaning. The cleaned grain is fed by the elongated screw of machine 5 to the section for primary cleaning grain 6, from which it flows by gravity through grain 7 to the right (on the left scheme) section of the receiving hopper of elevator 8 (2NPZ-20), which directs it through grain 9 to the secondary cleaning machine with a block of puppet trier cylinders 10 ("Petkus-Giant" K-531/1). The cleaned grain is shipped by a shipping conveyor 11 to a secondary cleaning machine with a block of oatmeal trimeric cylinders 12 (Petkus-Giant K-531/1). From the machine 12, the cleaned grain is discharged by a portable auger loader 13 (ПШП-7) to section 14 or to section 15. From section 14, the grain flows by gravity through the grain pipe to the weighing machine 16 (DVK-50P), and from it to the bags. The bags are sewn up with machine 17 (33Е-М), placed on wooden pallets and transported to the storage place by car. Grain from section 15 flows by gravity through the grain 18 to the granary, where a self-propelled grain thrower (3M-60A) moves it around the storage and puts it in a pile. If necessary, grain from sections 14 and 15 is unloaded directly into vehicles.

 According to scheme 2, the complex operates using active ventilation bins. After preliminary and primary cleaning, the grain from section 6 by gravity flows through the grain wire 19 to the noriya 20 (refinery-20), which feeds it through the grain pipes 21 (4 pcs.) To the active ventilation bins 22 (4 pcs.). The bins are filled sequentially one by one. Air of a certain temperature, heated in an air heater 25 (VPT-600B), is fed into a filled hopper through an air duct 23 or 24, and grain is heated, dried or dried to the required condition. The dried grain is delivered to the conveyor belt 26 by the shipping screw of the emptying hopper, which feeds it to the right section of the hopper of the elevator 8. Noria 8 sends it to the secondary cleaning machine 10 through the grain pipeline 9, and the excess grain (or all the grain during machine idle time 10 for which for any reason) through the grain bypass, they are sent to section 27, from where it again by gravity flows into the right section of the elevator receiving hopper 8. By further means, the further processing process is carried out in the same way as in scheme 1.

 According to Scheme 3, the complex works at the beginning according to Scheme 2, then continues the processing using pneumatic sorting tables 29 and 33 (SPS-5). The grain cleaned on the machine 12 by a portable screw loader 13 is fed to the pneumatic sorting table 29. The grain cleaned on the table 29 (outputs III and IV) flows by gravity to section 14, and from there to the weighing apparatus 16. Light material (exit II of this table) by gravity enters the section for grain of class III 30, and from there - through the grain 31 to the left section of the receiving hopper of the elevator 8. Noria 8 through the grain 32 sends it to the pneumatic sorting table 33. Grain I class (exit IV of this table) by gravity enters the grain into section 14, and the grain of class II (yield table III) is fed by gravity into the section 15. The lightweight material (yield this table II) is fed by gravity into the section 34 to feed grain.

 Light impurities from cleaning machines 4 and 5 are fed through cyclones 35 and 36 through air ducts, and of these, by gravity flow into waste bins 37 and 38. Large and small impurities by gravity flow into these bins from machines 4 and 5. Light impurities from cleaning machines 10 and 12 through the common duct 39 are discharged from the cleaning section into the environment, and large impurities and impurities deposited in the sedimentation chambers of these machines are gravity fed into the scraper conveyor 40 and fed to hoppers 37 and 38. Fine impurities and light grain from machines 10 and 12 by gravity enter the hopper for feed grain 41. Light impurities from sorting tables 29 and 33 (output I) by gravity enter the scraper conveyor 40 and feed them into the hoppers 37 and 38, and dusty air from these tables by total duhovodu 42 is sucked by the centrifugal fan 43 and is output to the environment.

 The operation of machines and mechanisms is carried out remotely from control stations 44 and 45.

The proposed complex in comparison with the standard complex KZS-25Sh with seed cleaning attachment SP-10A allows you to:
1. To increase the range of technological schemes, which is very important for processing various crops with different humidity and weediness, especially for processing cereal crops for seed purposes and for baby food.

 2. To increase the productivity of the complex by 2 times due to the use of more advanced processing technology, which allows to increase the quality of processing and increase the yield of full grain.

 3. To reduce the material consumption of the complex by almost 2 times by reducing the number of machinery and equipment used, the use of arch-type buildings of the cleaning and drying departments and the granary, as well as blocking them between themselves. All this together allows you to reduce the land area occupied by the complex.

 4. To reduce the complexity of the service due to the use of a smaller number of machines, mechanisms and equipment that are simpler in design, which means to improve the working conditions of mechanics and reduce labor, energy and costs per unit of processed products.

 5. To halve the useless downtimes of a vehicle engaged in servicing grain current by halving the amount of waste cleaning the body, which in turn is achieved by increasing the capacity (bins and sections) for collecting waste and feed grain (cleaning the body is produced after double removal - first, feed grain, then waste).

Claims (1)

 Grain-cleaning and drying complex, which includes a reception, temporary storage and cleaning unit, a drying department, a granary, in which air-sieve grain cleaning machines, pneumatic sorting tables, storage bins, an air heater, grain pipelines, air ducts, aspiration systems, stations are located controls, weighing apparatus, bag sewing machine, characterized in that it contains six storage bunkers, of which three are divided by blank partitions in half into sections, two air-sieve machines for preliminary and primary cleaning, two air-sieve machines for secondary cleaning, two pneumatic sorting tables, all machines are located in pairs at the same level, in every pair every second machine works in series with the first machine.