RU2364449C1 - Universal grain and seed refining line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery industry and designed for postharvest treatment of agriculture seeds. The grain and seed refining line includes a precleaner, a mechanism of air screen cleaning and sorting, a trieur and pneumosorting table. The line also has a receiving bin, feed conveyor, load bucket conveyor, intermediate bucket conveyor, second intermediate bucket conveyor, ending bucket conveyor and second ending bucket conveyor. The line also has a reserve bin, waste bin, bin for refined grains or seeds and grain pipes with reversing valve. The grain pipes connect a refiner with bucket conveyor and bins. The reversing valves fixed on the grain pipes allow directing grain or seed heaps to various refining schemes.

EFFECT: line is multi purposed and allows choosing optimal treatment technology for grain or seed heaps with any initial properties to produced high qualitative end product with high yield and without using a lot of devices and tools.

1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for post-harvest treatment of seeds of grain, leguminous, industrial and oil crops.

Known lines for cleaning grain, seeds, for example, a line for cleaning sunflower seeds (RF Patent No. 2265487, B07B 9/00, A01F 12/44, publ. 10.12.2005, bull. No. 34, p.215), including those established in the technological a transporting device with a lift, a preliminary cleaning machine equipped with sieves with outlets for different seed fractions, a pneumatic sorting table, a primary cleaning machine for each seed fraction, as well as swing racks for installing containers above machines and a table and containers for receiving, conveyor tableings and storage of seeds, made the same in the form of metering feeders. Known line works as follows. The conveyor device lifts the container with the original heap to the rotary trestle, where the container is tilted at an angle exceeding the angle of repose of the heap, and the heap is dosed to the seed pre-cleaner, where they are cleaned of impurities and divided into at least two size fractions. Impurities and fractions of seeds come in different containers. The seeds of each fraction are fed into containers by a transporting device with a lift to a rotary overpass, where the container for feeding seeds is tilted to a pneumatic sorting table, where the seeds are separated by density. Heavy impurities, light seeds and a pure fraction of full-fledged seeds enter separate containers. A container with a clean fraction of high-grade seeds is fed by a transporting device with a lift to the overpass, where the container is tilted for dosed seed feeding into the primary cleaning machine, where the final separation of impurities that enter the container takes place, and the main seed yield of the processed fraction is collected in another container, in which the seeds are sent for storage in the warehouse.

The disadvantages of the known line are its low productivity due to the time it takes to transport the container to the next machine or table according to the technological sequence, to tilt the container at a certain angle, exceeding the angle of repose of the seeds of the processed crop, to unload the seeds from the container. Almost the maximum productivity of such a line does not exceed 1 ton per hour and is designed to process small volumes of heap, for example, for cleaning seeds of higher reproductions, but not for the volume of marketable grain.

Closest to the proposed invention is a grain cleaning unit ZAV-10T, designed for cleaning and sorting seeds of agricultural plants of cereals, legumes, industrial and oilseeds based on an integrated process (see the catalog of JSC Head specialized design bureau Zernoochistka, 394038, Voronezh, Kosmonavtov St., 17, p. 1-3). The well-known ZAV-10T grain cleaning unit, which we have adopted as a prototype, includes serially connected receiving hopper, loading conveyor, loading noriya, pre-cleaning machine, intermediate noriya, air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine, second intermediate noriya, trimer block, final noriya, table pneumatic sorting, as well as silos of the reserve, waste, clean grain or seeds, and grain pipelines connecting the upper head of the loading elevator through the flapper valve with the inlet of the machine cleaning or with a reserve hopper, the output of the latter with the lower head of the intermediate elevator, the upper head of the intermediate elevator through another diverter valve with the inlet of the air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine or with the reserve hopper, the output of the latter with the lower head of the second intermediate elevator, the upper head of the second elevator intermediate with the inlet of the indented block, the outlet of the indented block through another flapper valve with a pure grain hopper or with the lower head of the elevator final, the upper head of the elevator final with the inlet ohm pneumatic sorting table, the output of the latter with a seed hopper.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the limited functionality of the unit, which does not allow to obtain a high yield of seeds of the 1st class of the standard when processing seeds of different crops and with different characteristics of the original heaps. This is because, for example, with a heavily clogged initial heap of grain or seeds, it may be necessary to further clean it. For its implementation, it is necessary to pass insufficiently cleaned seed material again through the entire chain of machines and equipment, although it would be enough to clean it up on any one machine, block or table. This entails an increase in injury to the seeds, and sometimes their getting into waste, i.e. decrease in seed yield of the 1st class of the standard.

The objective of the invention is to expand the functionality of the claimed line, allowing to obtain a high yield of seeds of the 1st class standard when processing seeds of different cultures and with different characteristics of the initial heaps and reproductions of seeds.

The purpose of the invention is to provide the opportunity to select the optimal technological scheme for processing each initial heap with any of its characteristics using the minimum set of machines and equipment in this scheme necessary to obtain a high yield of seeds with minimal trauma.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known technical solution, comprising a hopper 1 receiving in series, a loading conveyor 2, a loading elevator 3, a pre-cleaning machine 4, an intermediate elevator 5, an air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6, a second noria 7 intermediate, block 8 indented, elevator 9 final, table 10 pneumatic sorting, as well as bunkers 11-13 reserve, waste, clean grain or seeds, respectively, a cross-over valve 14 installed in the grain pipe 15 connecting the henna head of the elevator 3 loading with the input of the pre-cleaning machine 4 or with the reserve hopper 11, the grain wire 16 connecting the output of the machine 4 to the lower head of the elevator 5 intermediate, the grain wire 17 connecting the upper head of the elevator 5 intermediate through the changeover valve 18 with the inlet of the machine 6 sieve cleaning and sorting or with a reserve hopper 11, a grain wire 19 connecting the output of the machine 6 with the lower head of the elevator 7 intermediate, a grain wire 20 connecting the upper head of the latter to the input of the block 8 of the trie, grain wire 21, connecting the output of the latter through the changeover valve 22 with the hopper 13 of pure grain or with the lower head of the elevator 9 of the final one, grain pipe 23 connecting the upper head of the latter with the input of the table 10 pneumo-sorting, grain pipe 24 connecting the output of the latter with the hopper 13 of pure grain, grain pipe 25 connecting the output loading conveyor 2 with the lower head of the elevator 3 loading, according to the invention, the line is additionally equipped with a second elevator 26 final, flapper valve 27 installed in the grain wire 15 before the flip to the flap 14, in addition, the flap valve 28 installed in the grain line 16, the flap valve 29 installed in the grain 17 in front of the flap valve 18, in addition, the flap valve 30 installed in the grain pipe 24, the flap valves 31 and 32 sequentially installed in the grain pipe 20, by a grain wire 33 connecting one of the outputs of the rocker valve 27 to the grain wire 17, in addition, by a grain wire 34 connecting one of the outputs of the rocker valve 29 to the grain wire 19, in addition, by the grain wire 35 connecting one of the outputs the crossover valve 28 with the grain wire 19, in addition, the grain wire 36 connecting one of the outputs of the crossover valve 31 with the grain wire 23, in addition, the grain wire 37 connecting one of the outputs of the crossover valve 32 with the lower head of the elevator 3 loading, in addition, the grain wire 38, connecting the upper head of the elevator 26 final with the grain wire 20, in addition, the grain wire 39 connecting one of the outputs of the flap valve 30 with the lower head of the second elevator 26 final, as well as the rocker valve 40 installed in the grain duct 37 , and a grain wire 41 connecting one of the outputs of the flapper valve 40 with the hopper 13 of pure grain.

A comparative analysis of the claimed universal grain and seed cleaning line with the prototype (ZAV-10T) allows us to conclude that the claimed line is characterized by the presence of additional elements in it (second final noriya, additional flip valves, additional grain wires) and the connections between the elements. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "NOVELTY."

Exploring the prior art in the process of conducting a patent search on all types of information publicly available in the press, we have not identified technical solutions that have distinctive features of the claimed technical solution. The long-term use of the well-known ZAV-10T grain-cleaning unit in the treatment of seeds of different crops and with different characteristics of the initial heaps did not completely satisfy us, because depending on the “state” of the initial heap, in one case it would be enough to clean it up on any one machine, or block, or table, but we had to “pass” it again through the entire chain of machines and equipment, and this caused an increase in injury seeds and their partial waste disposal. In another case, it would be enough to pass a heap that was not very clogged through one machine, or a block, or a table to get clean grain or seeds, but we had to pass such a heap through the entire unit, which was not productive and caused the above increased trauma to the seeds and their partial waste. Our research and ongoing experiments to solve this problem led to the idea of creating a universal (literally) grain and seed cleaning line that ensures the passage of the heap either through the entire chain of machines, block and table, or only through one of the machines, block or table, or through any combination thereof. The idea was implemented into a technical solution, a prototype of the line with advanced functionality was made, which allows to obtain a high seed yield of the 1st class of the standard when processing seeds of different crops and with different characteristics of the initial heaps. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability "INVENTIVE LEVEL".

The claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion "INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY", because It can be used in agriculture. And, in addition, the description of the invention presents the means by which it is possible to implement the claimed technical solution in the form presented in the claims.

The drawing schematically shows the inventive line. The universal grain and seed cleaning line includes a receiving hopper 1, a loading conveyor 2, a loading elevator 3, a preliminary cleaning machine 4, an intermediate elevator 5, an air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6, an intermediate second elevator 7, a triera elevator 7, a final elevator 9, pneumatic sorting table 10, reserve bunker 11, waste bin 12, pure grain or seed bunker 13, the second noria 26 final, grain wire 15 connecting the upper head of the elevator 3 loading by means of rocker valves 27 and 14 with the input of the machine 4 pre-treatment either with a reserve hopper 11, a grain wire 16 connecting the outlet of the pre-cleaning machine 4 to the lower head of the intermediate elevator 5, a grain pipe 17 connecting the upper head of the elevator 5 intermediate by means of flapper valves 29 and 18 with the inlet of the air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6 or with a reserve hopper 11, a grain wire 19 connecting the output of the air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6 with an intermediate elevator 7 head, an grain duct 20 connecting the upper head of the second elevator 7 by means of the rocker valves 31 and 32 with the input of the inlet block 8, the grain wire 21 connecting the outlet of the block 8 of the inlet through the rocker valve 22 with the hopper 13 of pure grain or seeds or with the lower head of the elevator 9 final, the grain wire 23 connecting the upper head of the elevator 9 final with the input pneumatic sorting table 10, a grain wire 24 connecting the output of the pneumatic sorting table 10 by means of a shut-off valve 30 with a hopper 13 of pure grain or seeds, a grain pipe 25 connecting the output end of the conveyor 2 loading left with the lower head of the loading elevator 3, a grain wire 33 connecting the output of the butterfly valve 27 and the input of the butterfly valve 29 and connecting to the grain pipe 17, grain pipe 34 connected at one end to the output of the butterfly valve 29 and the other to the grain pipe 19, grain pipe 35 connected at one end to one of the outputs of the crossover valve 28, and at the other to the grain line 19, grain 36 connected at one end to one of the outputs of the crossover valve 31 and at the other to grain 23, grain 37 connected at one end to one of the outputs of the changeover valve 32, and the other to the lower head of the elevator 3 loading through the changeover valve 40, the grain wire 38 connecting the upper head of the second elevator 26 final with the inlet of the changeover valve 31, the grain wire 39 connecting one of the outputs of the changeover valve 30 with the bottom the head of the second elevator 26 final, the grain pipe 41 connecting one of the outputs of the flap valve 40 with the hopper 13 of pure grain.

The inventive line operates as follows. The initial heap is discharged into the receiving hopper 1 from vehicles on its own or by a truck unloader, dosed by a feeder-dispenser to a scraper conveyor 2, through a grain wire 25 - to the entrance of a loading elevator 3 (to its lower head) and then to a grain pipe 15. If the heap arrived directly from field without preliminary processing, then using the rocker valves 27 and 14 installed in a certain position, the heap is fed to the input of the pre-cleaning machine 4 to isolate most of the impurities shipped rterom (not shown in the diagram) into the hopper 12 waste. In case of urgent need (breakdown of the pre-cleaning machine 4, etc.), the heap is sent to the reserve hopper 12 by switching the changeover valve 14 to another position. If the initial heap has already been pre-processed (for example, on mobile grain cleaning machines), then by switching the rocker valve 27 to another position, the grain wires 33 and 17 can be fed immediately from the outlet of the loading elevator 3 by means of the rocker valves 29 and 18 installed in the corresponding position, or at the entrance of the machine 6 air-sieve cleaning and sorting - for its primary cleaning, or in the hopper 11 of the reserve. If the initial heap does not require primary cleaning on the machine 6, then by switching the rotary valve 29 to a different position, the heap is fed from the output of the elevator 5 intermediate through the grain wires 34 and 19 to the input of the second elevator 7 intermediate for its further supply to the block 8 in-feed or in the hopper 13 clean grain.

The heap, which needs preliminary cleaning and has passed it on the machine 4, is fed with the help of the crossover valve 28, installed in the corresponding position, through the grain line 16 to the input of the intermediate elevator 5 for its further supply to the air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6. If the heap obtained after processing on the pre-cleaning machine 4 does not require further primary cleaning on the air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6, then it is fed by means of a valve 28 installed in a different position through the grain pipe 35 directly to the entrance of the second elevator 7 intermediate for further supplying it to the block 8 indented or in the hopper 13 of pure grain.

The heap, which has undergone primary cleaning on the machine 6 air-sieve cleaning and sorting, through the grain pipe 19 is sent to the input of the second elevator 7 intermediate for its further supply to the block 8 triera or in the hopper 13 of pure grain.

The main outputs of the pre-cleaning machine 4 and the air-sieve cleaning and sorting (primary cleaning) machine 6 can be fed by means of a second intermediate elevator 7, rocker valves 31, 32, 40 and grain pipelines 20, 19 and 41 immediately to the clean grain bin 13 (for example , when processing raw materials, or when the seeds already meet the necessary requirements). The seed heap, which needs further processing, can be directed through the flapper valve 31, which is installed in the corresponding position, and grain ducts 36 and 23, either to the pneumatic sorting table 10, or through the valve 32, also installed in the corresponding position, to the inlet of the inlet block 8.

On the table 10 and on block 8, the seed heap can be supplied directly and from the receiving hopper 1 through the flapper valve 27, grain wires 33 and 17, valve 29, grain wires 34, 19, elevator 7, grain wire 20, valve 31 and then through valve 32 to the block 8 indented or through grain pipelines 36, 23 on the table 10 pneumosorting.

The main output of the trie block 8 can be supplied through the grain wire 21 and the flap valve 22 either to the hopper 13 of clean grain or seeds (if the heap does not require additional processing), or to the entrance of the final elevator 9 and then through the grain pipe 23 to the pneumatic table 10.

The main output of the pneumatic sorting table 10 can be supplied through a grain wire 24 and a flapper valve 30 either to a hopper 13 of clean grain or seeds, or to the entrance of a noriya 3 loading through a grain wire 39 to the entrance of the second noriya 17 final, and from its exit through a grain 38 to the grain 20 and through the changeover valves 31 and 32 through the grain pipe 37 (through the changeover valve 40).

Thus, the line ensures the operation of all grain cleaning machines in any sequence, depending on the quality of the incoming material of its type (grain, legumes, oilseeds) and the destination of the final product (seed, raw materials, etc.):

- preliminary - primary - trier - pneumostol;

- primary - trier - pneumostol;

- Trier - pneumostol;

- pneumatic table;

- Pneumatic table - Pneumatic table;

- Pneumatic table - Trier;

- Pneumatic table - preliminary - air-sieve with sorting (primary);

- Pneumatic table - primary - Trier;

- Pneumatic table - primary;

Moreover, after processing on each machine, the seeds can be sent to a clean grain bunker.

An example implementation of the inventive line

The heap was received in a mechanized hopper 1 of type ZI-10000 equipped with a scraper conveyor 2, which is connected to a loading elevator 3 of type NPK-10 with a round grain wire with a diameter of 140 mm.

The MVR-5 (MOS-50S) machine was used as the preliminary cleaning machine 4, and the MVR-6 machine as the air-sieve sorting machine 6.

The seeds were supplied for processing in the BTC-700 inlet block 8, and on the pneumatic table 10 MOS-9N, low-speed chain elevators 7, 9, 26 of the NTX 10 type were used.

In the grain pipelines 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 37, double-sided diverter valves 14, 18, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 40 of the KDR type (with control knobs) were installed.

The connection of grain pipelines 25 s 37, 17 s 33, 19 s 34, 19 s 35, 20 s 38, 23 s 36 was carried out using the inputs of symmetrical round SHS with a diameter of 140 mm.

Depending on the degree of contamination of the incoming heap, the technological scheme for processing it was selected corresponding to the “situation”.

So, with a purity of heap up to 95.0%, it was previously processed on machines for pre-treatment and air-sieve cleaning and sorting. Then, in the absence of intractable impurities in it and the correspondence of the seeds to the required purity, they accumulated in a pure grain bunker. If there were difficult to separate impurities in the heap (wild oat, segments of wild radish, unfinished and feeble seeds, seeds affected by fungal diseases, etc.), it was processed on a pneumatic sorting table and immediately entered the clean grain bunker. In the presence of broken seeds, short impurities, the heap after the pneumatic table was processed on the tier block.

Upon receipt of the heap, which was cleaned before it was fed to the claimed line, for example, on ZAV-type aggregates, or on mobile grain cleaning machines (OVS-25, MS-4.5, etc.), it was immediately processed either on a pneumatic table or on the inlet block, and then again on the pneumatic table, depending on the content of impurities in it.

When processing a heap of sunflower seeds containing sclerotia of white rot, it was processed twice on a pneumatic table.

In the presence of a large number of broken seeds in a heap, for example in a heap of sunflower seeds, it was first processed on a pneumatic table, and then, depending on its purity, either only on a tee block, or on preliminary cleaning machines and air-sieve cleaning and sorting, or only on the last.

Our studies have led to the conclusion that the claimed grain and seed cleaning line is universal and allows you to choose the optimal technological scheme for processing grain or seed heap with any of its initial characteristics to obtain a high-quality final product with high yield.

Claims (1)

Universal grain and seed cleaning line, including a hopper in series 1 receiving, conveyor 2 loading, elevator 3 loading, machine 4 pre-treatment, elevator 5 intermediate, machine 6 air-sieve cleaning and sorting, second elevator 7 intermediate, block 8 triera, noria 9 final, table 10 pneumatic sorting, as well as bunkers 11-13 of the reserve, waste, clean grain or seeds, respectively, a flap valve 14 installed in the grain pipe 15 connecting the upper head of the elevator 3 loading from the input m of the pre-cleaning machine 4 or with a reserve hopper 11, a grain wire 16 connecting the output of the pre-cleaning machine 4 with the lower head of the elevator 5 intermediate, a grain wire 17 connecting the upper head of the elevator 5 intermediate through the flapper valve 18 with the inlet of the air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6 or with a reserve bunker 11, a grain wire 19 connecting the output of the air-sieve cleaning and sorting machine 6 with an intermediate elevator 7 head, a grain wire 20 connecting the upper elevator 7 head with an intermediate elevator eye 8 indented, grain wire 21 connecting the outlet of block 8 of the indented through a flap valve 22 with a hopper 13 of pure grain or with the lower head of the elevator 9 final, grain 23 connecting the upper head of the elevator 9 final with the input of the table 10 pneumatic sorting, grain 24, connecting the output of the table 10 pneumatic sorting with a hopper 13 of pure grain or seeds, grain 25 connecting the loading conveyor 2 with the lower head of the loading elevator 3, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a second elevator 26 finally th, the cross-over valve 27 installed in the grain wire 15 in front of the cross-over valve 14, in addition, the cross-over valve 28 installed in the cereal wire 16, the cross-over valve 29 installed in the grain duct 17 in front of the cross-over valve 18, in addition, the cross-over valve 30 installed in the grain pipe 24, by the cross-over valves 31 and 32, sequentially installed in the grain wire 20, by the grain wire 33 connecting one of the outputs of the cross-over valve 27 with the grain wire 17, in addition, by the grain wire 34 connecting one of the outputs of the cross-over valve 29 with a grain wire 19, in addition, a grain wire 35 connecting one of the outputs of the flap valve 28 with a grain wire 19, in addition, a grain wire 36 connecting one of the outputs of the flap valve 31 with a grain wire 23, in addition, a grain wire 37 connecting one of the outputs of the flap valve 32 with the lower head of the elevator 3 loading, in addition, a grain wire 38 connecting the upper head of the second elevator 26 final with the grain wire 20, in addition, the grain wire 39 connecting one of the outputs of the flap valve 30 with the lower head of the second hole and 26 final, as well as a crossover valve 40 installed in the grain pipe 37, and a grain pipe 41 connecting one of the outputs of the changeover valve 40 with the hopper 13 of pure grain.