RU2102332C1 - Plant and method for treating waste waters polluted by petroleum products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste water treatment. SUBSTANCE: plant, containing, in-series installed and interconnected through pipelines, primary settling chamber, multistep filter with thin-layer modules and oil trap, and clarified liquid takeoff unit, is provided with receiving tank with oblique division and garbage-retaining grill, filter with sorption charge and underlying louver separator installed in primary settling chamber, filter charge located between thin-layer modules in the form of parallel louver grids and separated from oil trap by louver separator with its lames inclined in flow direction, and heating means disposed in lower part of multistep filter and made in the form of multitube steam-water preheater. Plant enables cleaning including pretreatment and post-treatment through filter material bed whose constituents are arranged in alternating layers of different fractions to form internal wedge zone. EFFECT: enhanced treatment efficiency. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to installations and methods for purifying water contaminated with oil products and can be used in the oil, oil refining, engineering industries, motor vehicles and mechanical repair enterprises.

 A known wastewater treatment plant [1] comprising a receiving tank with a removable chamber for collecting coarse impurities, a settling chamber and a filtrate collecting chamber with a filter at the inlet, an overflow pipe with a filter connecting the receiving and settling chambers, a suction pump the nozzle of which is located at the bottom of the settling chamber, and the discharge nozzle is equipped with an ejector, in addition, the installation is equipped with reflectors of oil products, made in the form of alternating semi-immersed and attached eplennyh to the bottom of the reservoir walls, and the pump pressure tube introduced in a detachable camera.

 The disadvantage of this installation is that it has many mechanical and electrical equipment: pumps, ejectors, a lifting device, which leads to significant laboriousness when servicing the installation and financial and operating costs.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed installation is the "Installation for the purification of oily wastewater" [2] (prototype), which includes sequentially installed primary sedimentation chambers with an inlet pipe and pipelines for the removal of partially clarified liquid and sediment, and a flotation tank with a thin-layer module in the form parallel plates, a collection of trapped petroleum products, a semi-submerged baffle and a clarified liquid discharge unit. In addition, the drainage pipe for partially clarified liquid is located in the upper part of the primary exfoliation chamber and is equipped with a screw insert made in the form of a plate, the ends of which are rotated 90 ^° one relative to the other, and connected to the bottom of the flotation tank with the first and last along the plate flow , a thin-layer module connected to the housing of the flotation tank.

 The main disadvantage of this installation is that the "small" degree of purification by suspended solids in the primary sedimentation chamber will result in a significant amount of suspended solids entering the settling tank, which, in turn, will lead to clogging of the thin-layer module and therefore to unstable operation or failure this installation.

 Known methods for the physical treatment of wastewater from petroleum products. The most typical is a system with a fixed bed of sorbent of natural or artificial origin: quartz sand, clay, expanded clay, peat, sawdust, etc.

 A disadvantage of the known sorption methods for purification of oil-containing effluents is the insufficient absorption capacity of the used sorbents with respect to recoverable oil products, as a result of which there is a need for multi-stage filtration to achieve the MPC of oil products in purified water.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is the "Method for the treatment of wastewater from petroleum products" [3] (prototype), including preliminary treatment and post-treatment by filtration through a layer of a fixed sorbent, where natural apatite is used as a sorbent.

 The disadvantage of this method is the relatively insignificant absorption capacity of adsorption systems (materials), which implies the short-term operation of them and a comparative increase in the cost of their maintenance.

 The proposed installation for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil products, including a primary settling chamber sequentially installed and interconnected by pipelines, a multi-stage filter with thin-layer modules, with a collection of trapped oil products and a clarified liquid discharge unit, is equipped with a receiving tank with an inclined partition and a trash-containing grate, a filter with sorption loading and separation louvre grate under it, installed in the primary settling chamber, filter cial load situated between the thin-layer modules in parallel zhalyuznyh gratings, separated from the collection of oil trapped zhalyuznoy grating plates which are inclined downstream, heating device disposed in the bottom of the multistage filter mounted therein. In addition, the heating device is made in the form of a multi-tube steam-water heater.

 This installation allows you to implement a cleaning method, including preliminary cleaning and tertiary treatment by filtration through a layer of filter material, the components of which are arranged in alternating layers of different fractions with the formation of an inner wedge-shaped zone, for example, the chips alternate with wood chips.

 In FIG. 1 shows the installation, a General view; in FIG. 2 multi-stage filter in section.

 Installation for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil products, contains sequentially installed and interconnected by pipelines 1 receiving tank 2, the primary sedimentation chamber 3, a multi-stage filter 4, inlet communications 5 and the unit for the removal of purified liquid 6.

 The receiving tank 2 is made with an inclined partition 7, it is closed from above by a trash holding grid 8 and a mesh 9 is installed at the entrance to the drain pipe 1.

 In the primary settling chamber 3 there is a receiving chamber 10, a filter 11 is installed with a load, for example, wood loading, under which there is a dividing louver grill 12 in the form of inclined parallel plates and a safety grill 13, passing through which pop-up oil products from the receiving chamber 10 fall into the drain window 14.

 The multi-stage filter 4 consists of a cylindrical housing 15, in the upper part of which there is a collection of trapped petroleum products 16 with their outlet 17, a loading and inspection hatch 18, a horizontal louvre grille 19, the plates of which are inclined along the flow. At the inlet and outlet of the stream in a multi-stage filter 4, thin-layer modules 20 are arranged in the form of parallel louvre gratings 21, between which there is a filter load 22, where the chips alternate with wood chips and are wedge-shaped inside. The feasibility of such an arrangement of the chips and chips is that it, as a smaller fraction, is kept by the chips from being carried away by its flow into the pipeline. In the lower part of the cylindrical body 15 is a heating device 23 in the form of a multi-tube steam-water heater.

 Installation works as follows.

 Wastewater enters the receiving tank 2 from the supply lines 5 through the trash holding grid 8, where large fractions are delayed, then, as the flow moves, the heavy fraction is separated, including due to contact and flow around the inclined partition 7, the grid 9 prevents accidental ingress in the pipeline 1 to the inside of the receiving tank 2 of foreign materials. Then, the water flow enters the primary sedimentation chamber 3, where the oil products that have surfaced on the surface pass through the safety grill 13 into the intake chamber 10 and flow through the drain window 14 into the oil product collector (not shown in FIG.). Fine suspensions settle in the conical bottom of the primary sedimentation chamber 3, above which there is a separation louvre grate 12, the plates of which are directed in such a way as to prevent the slurry sediment from stirring during further flow passage. Then the water passes through the filter 11 and the separated petroleum products enter the receiving chamber 10 and then through the drain window 14 enter the collection of petroleum products (not shown in Fig.).

 From the primary sedimentation chamber 3, the fluid flow through the pipeline 1 enters a multi-stage filter 4, which allows you to adjust the degree of purification depending on the concentration of petroleum products in wastewater. The purified water enters the cylindrical housing 15. where the flow, passing through the thin-layer module 20 in the form of parallel vertical louvres 21, receives the correction of the flow direction to the bottom and the separated oil particles are strengthened with their subsequent accelerated ascent into the collection of caught oil products 16.

 The flow then passes sequentially through the filter charge 22, where the chips alternate with the chips. Cleaning by alternating placement of the components of the filter charge 22 creates a backwater in zone "A", which contributes to the accelerated ascent of the oil particles. The wedge-shaped arrangement of the chips determines the differentiated and most effective filtering of the liquid flow, while the lower layer of the stream (less soiled) passes through the "minimum" layer of chips with greater speed, due to less resistance, and the upper layer of the stream (more soiled) passes through the "maximum" a layer of a chip wedge at a lower speed and, therefore, with a greater degree of filtration (cleaning).

 The post-treatment of the flow in zone "B" is ensured by creating the effect of "relative rarefaction", i.e. calming the flow after it has flowed out of the chip layer. Separated particles of oil products at this stage of cleaning float and pass through a horizontal louvre grille 190 and fall into the collection of specified oil products 16. The thin-layer module 20 located at the inlet of the cylindrical housing 15 of the multi-stage filter 4 completes the wastewater treatment. 6. To regenerate the filter load 22 and / or achieve a high degree of wastewater treatment, there is a heating device 23, into which steam is supplied. Regeneration consists in heating the volume of liquid inside a multi-stage filter without flow. The regeneration process is controlled by supplying steam to the heating device 23 and the regeneration process ends when the active oil drain ceases and the steam condensate exhausts from the drain oil pipeline simultaneously appear. Then, the stream is cleaned according to the accepted cleaning mode.

 The installation and method provide a more effective treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil products (98-99% degree of purification).

 Using this method makes it possible to regenerate the filter load without removing it (inside a multi-stage filter), the environmental friendliness of the filter material during disposal and its easy availability as waste from the production of woodworking enterprises.

 Provides technological stability of the installation due to the buried design of the filtration unit.

 In general, the installation is easy to manufacture, reliable and economical to operate. Exclusion from the design of moving units and parts guarantees the duration and trouble-free operation of the installation.

Claims (4)

 1. Installation for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil products, including a primary settling chamber sequentially installed and interconnected by pipelines, a multi-stage filter with thin-layer modules, with a collection of trapped oil products and a clarified liquid discharge unit, characterized in that it is equipped with a receiving tank with an inclined partition and a trash-holding grate, a sorption-loaded filter and a separation louvre grate below it, installed in the primary sump chamber filtering, located between thin-layer modules in the form of parallel louvre gratings, separated from the collection of oil products by a louvre grate, the plates of which are inclined along the flow, by a heating device located in the lower part of the multi-stage filter installed in it.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device is made in the form of a multi-tube steam-water heater.  3. A method of treating wastewater from petroleum products, including pre-treatment and post-treatment by filtration through a layer of filter material, characterized in that the components of the filter material are alternating layers of different fractions with the formation of an internal wedge-shaped zone.  4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the chips alternate with chips and inside it is wedge-shaped.

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