RU2098961C1 - Method of regulation of wheat plant growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: vegetating plants of winter and summer wheat were sprayed with the preparation "Gibbersib" an aqueous solution at concentration 5-50 mg/l, at the dose 2-20 g/ha at twofold regime: firstly at tillering phase and then at ear formation phase. Method provides yield increase of winter wheat by 10.5-12.4 centner/ha and that of summer wheat - by 6.4-9.2 centner/ha. EFFECT: increased yield, improved quality of crop. 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of various varieties of soft wheat.

Currently, various biologically active substances are used to influence the growth and development of crops. There are various methods of regulating wheat growth using natural and synthetic growth regulators, such as biostimulants from peat "Biostim", "CPP", Gibberellins, etc. [1, 2]
However, known growth regulators are not effective against cereals and are quite expensive.

The closest to the claimed method prototype is a method of regulating crops, including wheat, which consists in processing vegetative plants one or more times, starting from the tillering stage, with gibberellin at a dose of 1,200 g / ha, preferably 2 10 g / ha [3]
The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of effectiveness of the growth regulator used, since in response to the action of a “strong” monogibberellin preparation, which is a concentrate of only one of the 65 currently known Gibberellin Gibberellic Acids (A ₃ ) in the tillering phase, winter hardiness decreases for winter wheat varieties and increased lodging in spring wheat varieties, which leads to a decrease in wheat yield.

 An object of the invention is to increase wheat productivity by increasing winter hardiness in winter varieties and decreasing lodging in spring wheat varieties.

 The problem is achieved by the proposed method, which consists in the following.

 Vegetative plants of wheat grown according to traditional technology are treated with the Gibbersib phytohormone preparation at a dose of 2.0 to 20.0 g / ha twice. At the same time, the greater effectiveness of the action of the drug is achieved when processing winter and spring wheat varieties twice first in the tillering phase and then in the heading phase.

Gibbersib is a polybiberellin preparation containing the entire complex of gibberellins of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme. The composition of gibbersib along with gibberellic acid (A ₃ ) includes gibberellins A ₄ , A ₇ , iso A ₇ , A ₉ , iso A ₃ and a number of other gibberellins in amounts whose total expression significantly exceeds A ₃ (4). Before use, the Gibbersib preparation is diluted with water to a concentration <5.0 to 50.0 mg / l. The flow rate of the working solution is 400 l / ha. The consumption rate of the drug Gibbersib is selected experimentally. With its increase and decrease, the increase in the yield of wheat grain decreases.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield of winter wheat by 10
12 kg / ha (21 25%), and the yield of spring wheat by 6.4 9.2 kg / ha (26 34%).

Significant differences of the proposed method from the prototype are;
the use of Gibbersib as a plant growth regulator in a dose of 2.0 to 20 g / ha, which allows to increase the yield of wheat;
treatment of plants is carried out at certain optimal times, namely twice first at the tillering phase, and then at the heading phase, which allows to increase the yield of wheat by increasing the productive bushiness of plants, laying the additional number of prolific flowers in the ear;
strengthening the processes of attraction and thereby increasing the mass of grain.

 In addition, by the beginning of tillering, the growth of the underground internodes (epicotyl) of wheat ceases, therefore, the exposure to Gibbersib during this period does not cause its secondary growth, thereby there is no negative effect of gibberellins on plant lodging.

 Example 1. Tests were carried out at experimental sites of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in the Novosibirsk region. The experimental sites are located on the gray forest podzolic soils of the West Siberian lowland. The main soil preparation is autumn plowing. The sowing of winter wheat varieties Bagrationovskaya and Lutescens 4 was carried out at the optimum time for this zone - the end of the third decade beginning of the first decade of September. The following year, at the end of May and beginning of June, vegetative wheat plants were treated with an aqueous solution of Gibbersib at a concentration of 1, 5, 59, 100 mg / l at the rate of 400 l / ha (the dose of the preparation was 2 20 g / ha) in the morning from a backpack Sprayer Era-1. The Gibbersib treatment was performed twice in the tillering phase and in the earing phase. Water was used as a control, and sodium humate was used as a reference for comparison. The results are presented in table. 1. From the table. Figure 1 shows that the Gibbersib preparation can increase the productivity of winter wheat by an average of 10 12 kg / ha (21 25%). From the table. 1 also shows that the optimal concentration of an aqueous solution of the drug lies in the range of 5 to 50 mg / l, an increase in the concentration does not increase the yield of wheat, therefore, it is not economically feasible.

 Example 2. Tests were carried out at experimental sites of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in the Novosibirsk region. For testing, varieties of spring wheat Novosibirsk 22 and Karagandinka were used. The plants were sprayed with Gibbersib twice: in the tillering phase (22.06) and in the earing phase (12.07) with the Era-1 backpack sprayer in the morning at a rate of 400 l / ha.

 For spraying the plants, solutions of the Gibbersib preparation were used at a concentration of 1, 5, 50, 100 mg / l, water was used as a control, and sodium humate was used as a reference.

 The test results are presented in table. 2. From the table. Figure 2 shows that the Gibbersib preparation can increase the yield of spring wheat by an average of 6.4 9.2 c / ha (26 34%). From the table. 2 also shows that the optimal concentration of an aqueous solution of the drug lies in the range of 5 to 50 mg / l (dose 2.0 to 20.0 g / ha).

 Example 3. The tests were carried out at experimental sites of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in the Novosibirsk region on spring wheat of Novosibirsk 67.

Wheat plants were sprayed in the tillering phase with aqueous solutions of Gibbersib and Gibberellin (A ₃ ) at a concentration of 5 mg / l, 50 mg / l and 100 mg / l (dose 2, 20, 40 g / ha) once at a rate of 400 l / ha, and water was used as a control. The results are presented in table. 3.

From the table. Figure 3 shows that the use of Gibberellin A ₃ in the tillering phase leads to a strong lengthening of the epicotyl, and subsequently to lodging of plants and a decrease in yield. Gibbersib, being a soft polygibberellin preparation, stimulates the growth of the epicotyl much less, and at the same time affects the biosynthesis of skeletal compounds of the stem, which leads to an increase in the strength of the straw and its resistance to lodging.

 From the table. Figure 3 also shows that the use of Gibbersib at an optimal concentration of 5–50 mg / l (2–20 g / ha) makes it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat of the Novosibirsk 67 variety by an average of 6 kg / ha compared with using Gibberellin as a growth regulator.

Thus, the proposed method allows to increase productivity
winter wheat at 10.5 12.4 kg / ha (21 25%);
spring wheat at 6.4 9.2 kg / ha (26 34%);
to improve the quality of marketable products by increasing the grazing of plants and increasing the mass of grain.

Claims (1)

A method for regulating the growth of wheat plants, including treating the plants in the tillering stage with a preparation containing gibberellin A ₃ , characterized in that gibbersib at a dose of 2 20 g / ha is used as a preparation containing gibberellin A ₃ and additional treatment is carried out in the earing phase.

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