RU209578U1 - CABLE RATE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of bridges for special purposes or designed for special functions, in particular to cable racks. The technical result achieved by the solution is to expand the arsenal of technical means, improve ease of use, reduce the weight of the structure while ensuring high reliability. The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a cable rack has been developed, containing: two columns; two beams connected to each other and columns, and each beam contains four steel posts connected to each other by steel braces and crossbars to form a structure essentially in the form of a parallelepiped; four steel heels, each of which is welded to its rack from below; a steel head with oval holes for attaching the beams, welded to the uprights from above, each beam having a steel top chord, made in the form of an essentially rectangle; a steel lower chord formed in the form of a substantially rectangular shape; braces and crossbars connected to the top and bottom chords to form a substantially parallelepiped structure; four steel flanges for attaching to an adjacent beam, each of which is welded to the top and bottom chords at one end of the beam; two steel platforms with oval holes for fastening to the cable rack column, welded to the lower chord at the second end of the beam, characterized in that the posts, braces and crossbars are made in the form of pipes with a rectangular section, and the upper and lower chords, braces and crossbars are made of pipes with a rectangular cross section. 8 w.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of bridges for special purposes or designed for special functions, in particular to cable racks.

State of the art

A collapsible combined rack is known (RU 2412301 C1, publ. 2011.02.20), containing vertical supports and horizontal runs, cable structures, traverses with interchangeable platforms for sliding pipeline supports, an internal service platform installed if necessary. Vertical supports and horizontal girders, which are triangular spatial trusses with spacer tubular diagonals, are formed from a set of sections of various lengths from 1.5 to 6.0 m, interconnected by bolted connections. The vertical supports are connected on one side with the foundation, and on the other side with the upper installation frames, horizontal purlins are attached to the upper installation frames, transverse mounting profiles are attached to the lower pipes of the horizontal purlins with brackets, racks up to 3 high are attached to the mounting profiles with T-bolts, 0 m, consoles for cable ladders are attached to the racks with T-bolts, transverse traverses with removable platforms for sliding supports of pipelines are attached to the lower pipes of the horizontal runs. Due to the absence of fixed places for fastening the horizontal girders to the upper mounting frames of the supports, there is no need for a rigid binding of the coordinates of the foundations to the length of the horizontal girders, which gives greater design flexibility. In connection with the fastening of horizontal girders to the upper transitional frames with clamps and transverse traverses to horizontal girders, as well as the use of screwless connectors of cable ladders mounted on horizontal girders, as well as profile clamps of cable ladders to consoles and oval holes for bolting in the bases of the racks, there are no places stress concentrations in the structure due to thermal deformations. The use of sliding T-bolts for mounting transverse traverses, racks and consoles allows you to align the location and horizontal level of cable structures during installation and operation and reuse T-bolts if you need to disassemble the combined rack for transfer to another installation location.

However, in this solution it is not disclosed in detail how high strength is ensured with a decrease in weight.

Known, selected as a prototype, a universal support structure (overpass) (RU 2606730 C2, publ. 2017.01.10) for laying cables and/or pipelines with a distance between supports up to 9 m contains vertical supports and horizontal runs (crossbars). Vertical supports and horizontal girders, which are spatial trusses, are formed from a set of welded sections of various lengths from 1 to 4 m, interconnected by diaphragms using bolted connections. Welded sections and diaphragms are made of perforated thin-walled profile. The vertical supports are connected on one side to the foundation through a welded support, and on the other side - to the upper mounting welded supports. Horizontal girders are attached to the upper welded supports. The lower profiles of the horizontal girders are connected by brackets through the transverse mounting profiles and attached to the upper mounting welded supports.

However, in this solution it is not disclosed in detail how high strength is ensured with a decrease in weight.

Utility Model Disclosure

In one aspect of the utility model, a cable rack is disclosed, comprising:

two columns;

two beams connected to each other and columns;

where each beam contains

four steel posts connected to each other by steel braces and crossbars to form a structure essentially in the form of a parallelepiped;

four steel heels, each of which is welded to its rack from below;

steel head with oval holes for attaching beams, welded to the uprights from above,

where each beam contains

a steel top chord formed in the form of a substantially rectangular shape;

a steel bottom chord formed in the form of a substantially rectangular shape;

braces and cross members connected to the top and bottom chords to form a substantially parallelepiped structure;

four steel flanges for attaching to an adjacent beam, each welded to the top and bottom chords at one end of the beam;

two steel platforms with oval holes for fastening to the cable rack column, welded to the lower chord at the second end of the beam,

characterized by the fact that

racks, braces and crossbars are made in the form of pipes with a rectangular cross section, and the upper and lower chords, braces and crossbars are made of pipes with a rectangular cross section.

In additional aspects of the utility model, it is disclosed that a canopy and consoles for cable management are included; the wall thickness of the chord pipes is 5 mm, the wall thickness of the pipes of the braces and crossbars is from 3 to 6 mm, the thickness of the platforms, heels and flanges is from 8 to 12 mm, the thickness of the head is from 15 to 25 mm, the material of the chords, cross bars, braces, flanges, platforms, heels, head is steel of the same grade from St3, 09G2S, AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 321; the overpass is covered with a hot-dip galvanized coating; beam chords are made of shaped pipes with one size of 60×60×4, 80×40×5, 100×100×5, 120×120×6, beam braces are made of shaped pipes 80×80×4, in which the posts made of shaped pipes of the same size from 80×40×4, 60×60×4, 100×60×4, braces and crossbars of the uprights are made of shaped pipes of the same size from 60×30×4, 80×40×4, 80×80× 4; the beams are connected to each other through the third beam, while the chords of the beams are made of steel shaped pipes measuring 120×120×6, the braces are made of shaped pipes with a size of 80×80×5; the braces are covered with organoplastics; the wall thickness of the pipes of the braces is 50% greater than the width of the walls of the pipes of the cross members; bars made of at least one material made of titanium or aluminum are placed in the pipes of the braces, the length of the bars being half the length of the brace and they are installed in the center of the brace.

The main task solved by the claimed device is to provide a light, durable, reliable cable rack.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that due to the design features, such as the geometry of the overpass elements, the materials of the beam elements, mounting holes, the beam has a low weight with high strength, which simplifies its installation.

The technical result achieved by the solution is to expand the arsenal of technical means, reduce the weight of the structure while ensuring high reliability.

Brief description of the drawings

1 shows a cable trestle beam.

Fig. 2 shows two beams connected.

Fig.3 shows two beams connected.

4 shows a two-level cable rack.

Fig. 5 shows a canopy on a beam.

Implementation of the utility model

Cable overpass - elevated cable structure. Currently, cable racks are widely used in various large industrial, metallurgical and chemical enterprises, where the territory is extremely saturated with various communications and underground cable laying is difficult, as well as in areas with unfavorable soil conditions.

The cable trestle consists of columns and beams supported on columns and fixed to them.

Regarding the columns

The claimed exemplary column is shown in figure 1, which shows the following elements:

101 - head

102 - oval holes for fastening the beam

103 - rack

104 - brace

105 - cross member

106 - heel

From Fig.1 it is clear that the column is essentially a parallelepiped formed by four racks 103, fixed along its edges with the help of cross bars 105 and braces 104. The length of the cross bars 105 determines the width of the column, the length and the number of braces 104, welded in a zigzag lines from the bottom to the top of the column define the length of the column. The height of the column is set based on the requirements for the cable rack, and is determined mainly by the length of the racks 103.

The claimed column can have different heights, in practice the height is in the range of 1-6 m. The proposed design provides sufficient strength for the entire above range of heights.

A cap 101 is welded on top of all four posts 103, to which a beam is attached through oval holes 102. The oval holes 102 simplify the installation of the structure and also reduce the overall weight of the column compared to round holes.

Bottom welded to each post 103 is a heel 106 which contains holes for attachment to a base containing anchors.

The base is a concrete foundation with anchors installed in it.

Four cross bars 105 are welded at the bottom and top of the posts 103 to give the column a rectangular cross section. Braces 104 are welded on two parallel sides of the column between the uprights 103, which provide resistance when the uprights 103 of the column tilt. The braces 104 preferably abut against the crossbars 105 at the top and bottom, and are also welded to the posts 102 at the same locations where the intermediate (between the lower and upper) crossbars are welded.

The entire column is made of steel pipes of rectangular section, preferably the pipe material is one of the following: steel grade St3, 09G2S, AISI 304, AISI 316 or AISI 321. These grades are used for the production of loaded elements of welded structures.

For the manufacture of columns used racks 103 in the form of tubes with a wall thickness of 3 to 6 mm, preferably 4 mm; wherein the wall thickness of the pipes of the braces 104 and the crossbars 105 is 3 to 6 mm, preferably 4 mm; the thickness of the heels 106 is 10 to 12 mm, preferably 10 mm; the thickness of the head 101 is 20 to 25 mm, preferably 20 mm.

Racks 103 are preferably made of pipes with dimensions of 80x40x4 (length-width-thickness of the pipe material), or 60x60x4, 80x60x4 or 100x60x4, the height of the rack 103 is determined by the requirements of the cable rack . The braces 104 and cross members 105 are preferably made from 60x30x4, 80x40x4, 80x80x4 tubes.

Regarding beams

The claimed exemplary beam is shown in figure 1, which shows the following elements:

201 - lower belt

202 - upper belt

203 - braces

204 - cross members

205 - playground

From figure 1 it is clear that the beam is essentially a parallelepiped formed by the lower chord 201 and the upper chord 202, connected to each other by means of braces 203 and cross bars 204.

Belts 201 and 202 are formed from bearing pipes connected with jumpers. The belts are essentially a rectangle, since the carriers are essentially the same length and essentially parallel to each other. "Substantially" means that the lengths do not match with mathematical precision, but match with an accuracy of, for example, up to 0.1% or 0.2%, so that this accuracy does not significantly affect the performance of the object. Similar statements are also true for the parallelism of the carriers, the shape of the belts and similar parameters of the flyover elements.

Platforms 205 are welded to the lower part of the lower chord 201, which serve to fasten the beam to the column of the cable rack. The platforms contain oval holes, which simplifies installation and reduces the weight of the column compared to round holes.

The braces 203 are a zigzag line abutting with their ends against the corners formed by the connection of the chords 201, 202 and the crossbars 204.

Platforms 205 are used to fasten the beam to the posts, they are rectangular metal plates with a thickness of 8 to 12 mm, preferably 10 mm, to ensure the reliability of the fastening of the beam.

The entire beam is made of steel pipes of rectangular section, preferably the pipe material is one of the following: steel grade St3, 09G2S, AISI 304, AISI 316 or AISI 321. These grades are used for the production of loaded elements of welded structures. A combination of these materials can be used, for example, belts are made of St3, and braces are made of 09G2S.

For the manufacture of the beam, belts 201, 202 are used, made of pipes with a wall thickness of 5 mm or more; wherein the wall thickness of the tubes of the braces 203 and the cross members 204 is between 4 and 6 mm, preferably 4 mm.

The chords 201, 202 are preferably made from 60x60x4, 80x40x5, 100x100x5 or 120x120x6 (length-width-thickness of pipe material) pipes. The braces 204 and cross bars 205 are preferably made from 60x30x4, 80x40x4, 80x80x4 tubes.

Such parameters provide ease of construction with sufficient rigidity and strength when used in cable racks.

The usual length of the beam is from 1 to 8 meters, to form a beam of greater length, flanges are welded to the beams and connected, forming a prefabricated beam with a length of 16 (figure 3) or 24 meters. The proposed beam can have a maximum length of one span of 24 meters, in this embodiment, it is three elements connected together, shown in Fig.2.

For the case of the boron beam shown in Figure 2, flanges are welded to one end of the beam on both chords 201 and 202. The flanges contain holes for bolting the two beams together.

In the case of connecting two beams in one span, both beams contain both flanges and platforms 205, in the case of connecting three beams in one span, one of the three beams contains only flanges on both sides, the other two beams contain both flanges and platforms 205.

Consoles can be attached to the beams on one or both sides to accommodate cables and other engineering systems.

The proposed design was calculated taking into account cable loads, wind and snow loads, and the length of the overpass span. The calculation is made in the Lira-SAPR software package. Calculations have shown that this design has high reliability while maintaining a relatively low weight.

Regarding the cable rack

The proposed cable rack is a structure assembled at the factory from two columns and two beams. According to the project, consoles are mounted on the beams for installing cables on them and a polycarbonate roof.

At the place of operation, the columns are installed on the base and fixed with a threaded connection.

Device manufacturing

For the manufacture of columns as in figure 1 prepare steel pipes with specified parameters.

Cut the following elements:

head with specified dimensions;

racks of a given length;

braces of a given length;

crossbars of a given length;

heels of the given sizes.

Next, drill holes in the heels and head.

Next, weld all the elements according to the image in Fig.1

Next, the entire structure is covered with a hot-dip galvanized coating.

For the manufacture of beams as in figure 2 prepare steel pipes with specified parameters.

Cut the following elements:

load-bearing belts with specified dimensions;

jumpers for connecting carriers;

braces;

crossbars;

flanges;

sites;

Next, drill holes in the flanges and platforms.

Next, weld all the elements according to the image in Fig.2.

Next, the entire structure is covered with a hot-dip galvanized coating.

The number and specific dimensions of the elements are determined by the project.

Further, the indicated elements of the flyover are assembled at the manufacturer according to the project. If necessary, install consoles and a roof. Next, the structure is transported to the place of operation and installed on the prepared base.

Embodiment 1

In this embodiment, shown in figure 4, the overpass is made of two levels, it contains three high posts, one low post, two long beams and one short beam. The long beams are formed from two short beams connected via flanges (not shown in figure 4). To mount a short beam on a high rack, fastening through flanges is used, reinforced with braces, which are fixed on the rack and on the beam at an angle of about 45 degrees.

Embodiment 2

In this embodiment, a canopy is installed on the overpass (figure 5), made of polycarbonate, such a material was chosen because of its lightness and strength. Alternatively, corrugated board can be used. The canopy is double-slope, the canopy is fastened to the overpass beam by means of rectangular pipes or U-shaped profiles, from which a frame is formed for laying and fixing polycarbonate sheets.

The canopy provides an increase in the reliability of the structure, as it protects it from the adverse effects of precipitation.

Embodiment 3

In this version, the overpass braces are covered with organoplastics, such a solution, firstly, provides high protection of the most loaded elements from adverse environmental conditions, and secondly, provides increased strength to tensile forces while maintaining low weight. The thickness of the coating can be from 0.1 to 2 mm.

Embodiment 4

In this variant, the wall thickness of the pipes of the braces is 50% greater than the width of the walls of the pipes of the cross members. This decision is explained by the greater workload of the braces, which perceive more significant forces. Alternatively, the cross-beam tubes can be 4 mm thick and the brace tubes 6 mm, which, other things being equal, provides high structural reliability while reducing its weight compared to a solution in which both the braces and cross-beams have a tube thickness of 6 mm.

Option 5 implementation

In this embodiment, bars of at least one titanium or aluminum material are placed in the braces tubes, the length of the bars is half the length of the brace and they are installed in the center of the brace, the height and width of the bars are chosen to ensure that the internal space is filled as completely as possible, and fastening is carried out either due to friction forces, or by welding, or by means of self-tapping screws passing through the pipe and bar.

Due to the lower density of aluminum and titanium and the use of relatively short bars in places where the brace is under the greatest load, it is possible to increase the reliability of the product, providing a relatively low weight.

The embodiments are not limited to the embodiments described here, other embodiments of the utility model will become apparent to a person skilled in the art based on the information set forth in the description and the knowledge of the prior art, which do not go beyond the essence and scope of this utility model.

The term "substantially" means conformity with precision that does not change the essence. So essentially square means that with an accuracy adequate for a particular case, a square is a square, although when measuring a meter length with an accuracy of a micrometer, it turns out that the sides of the square are not perfectly equal to each other.

Elements mentioned in the singular do not exclude the plurality of elements, unless otherwise specified.

Although the exemplary embodiments have been described in detail and shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that such embodiments are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the wider utility model, and that the utility model should not be limited to the particular arrangements shown and described and designs, as various other modifications may be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

1. Cable rack containing: two columns; two beams connected to each other and columns, and each beam contains four steel posts connected to each other by steel braces and crossbars to form a structure essentially in the form of a parallelepiped; four steel heels, each of which is welded to its rack from below; a steel head with oval holes for attaching the beams, welded to the uprights from above, each beam having a steel top chord, made in the form of an essentially rectangle; a steel lower chord formed in the form of a substantially rectangular shape; braces and crossbars connected to the top and bottom chords to form a substantially parallelepiped structure; four steel flanges for attaching to an adjacent beam, each of which is welded to the top and bottom chords at one end of the beam; two steel platforms with oval holes for fastening to a cable rack column, welded to the lower chord at the second end of the beam, characterized in that the posts, braces and crossbars are made in the form of pipes with a rectangular section, and the upper and lower chords, braces and crossbars are made of pipes with a rectangular cross section. 2. The overpass according to claim 1, which contains a canopy and consoles for laying cables. 3. The overpass according to claim 1, in which the wall thickness of the pipes of the chords is 5 mm, the wall thickness of the pipes of the braces and crossbars is from 3 to 6 mm, the thickness of the platforms, heels and flanges is from 8 to 12 mm, the thickness of the head is from 15 to 25 mm, the material of the belts, crossbars, braces, flanges, platforms, heels, the head is steel of the same grade St3, 09G2S, AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 321. 4. Trestle according to claim 1, containing a hot-dip galvanized coating. 5. Overpass according to claim 1, in which the belts of the beams are made of profile pipes of the same size 60 × 60 × 4, 80 × 40 × 5, 100 × 100 × 5, 120 × 120 × 6, the braces of the beams are made of profile pipes of size 80 ×80×4, in which the posts are made of profile pipes of the same size 80×40×4, 60×60×4, 100×60×4, the braces and crossbars of the posts are made of profile pipes of the same size 60×30×4, 80×40× 4, 80×80×4. 6. Overpass according to claim 1, in which the beams are connected to each other through the third beam, while the belts of the beams are made of steel profile pipes 120×120×6 in size, the braces are made of profile pipes 80×80×5 in size. 7. Flyover according to claim 1, in which the braces are covered with organoplastics. 8. Trestle according to claim 1, in which the wall thickness of the pipes of the braces is 50% greater than the width of the walls of the pipes of the cross members. 9. The trestle according to claim 1, in which bars of at least one material of titanium or aluminum are placed in the pipes of the braces, the length of the bars being half the length of the brace, and they are installed in the center of the brace.

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