RU2092709C1 - Carburetor internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; fuel systems of CARBURETOR internal combustion engines with devices for addition of water into fuel mixture. SUBSTANCE: engine has cylinder with piston, CARBURETOR with throttle valve and mixing chamber with Venturi, water addition device installed before CARBURETOR and furnished with adjustable metering system with valve and additional diffuser with water atomizer. Invention contains also description of other design versions of engine. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in carburetor engines, mainly air cooling.

 Known carburetor internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and a cylinder head with a piston and spark plug, inlet and outlet channels respectively, a carburetor having a throttle valve and a mixing chamber with a diffuser, a water additive device installed in front of the carburetor and equipped with an adjustable dosing system with valve.

 However, a known engine with a device for adding water does not provide sufficiently effective control of the water supply depending on the operating conditions of the engine and its thermal state.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase energy parameters and reduce fuel consumption.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed engine the device for water addition is equipped with an additional diffuser with a water spray placed in it. A valve is installed in front of the sprayer, which opens the water supply channel, depending on the engine operating conditions and its thermal state. So, the valve can be electromagnetic and is controlled by the temperature signal of the cylinder head or by the signal of the knock sensor. In this case, when the engine warms up and under partial load conditions, water will not enter the engine. Under heavy loads, the air-cooled engine may overheat, to prevent overheating, when a certain temperature of the cylinder head is reached, the electromagnetic valve will open the water supply channel. When using fuel with a lower octane number than is required for the engine, when detonation occurs, the electromagnetic valve will open the water supply channel, water vapor well damps the detonation. The electromagnetic valve can also be controlled by the throttle opening signal, i.e. at a certain opening of the throttle, the contact may close the electrical circuit into which the solenoid valve is connected.

 If the engine does not have electric power, the water supply valve can open mechanically, i.e., the valve is kinematically connected to the throttle of the carburetor, or from discharge behind the throttle of the carburetor, i.e. the valve is made of a membrane type and is controlled by the discharge behind the carburetor throttle.

 The water supply device is equipped with a float valve, which ensures the stability of the water level in the device and eliminates the ingress of water into the cylinder when the engine is idle. The device is equipped with an adjustable screw installed in front of the sprayer. The presence of an adjustable screw in front of the atomizer provides the necessary water flow depending on the octane number of fuel and operating conditions.

 In FIG. 1 shows a section through a carbureted air-cooled engine with a lateral arrangement of valves with a fuel carburetor connected to an intake manifold and a water supply device; in FIG. 2 diagram of a device for supplying water; in FIG. 3 water supply valve with a mechanical drive from the throttle; in FIG. 4 membrane-type water supply valve connected to the cavity behind the carburetor throttle.

 The carburetor engine comprises a cylinder 1 with a piston 2 located therein, a cylinder head 3 in which a spark plug 4 is placed, an inlet channel 5, an exhaust channel (not shown), a carburetor 6 having a throttle valve 7 and a mixing chamber with diffuser 8. A device 9 is connected to the carburetor for supplying water to the cylinder 1 of the engine. The device 9 contains a diffuser 10 with a nozzle 11 located in it; an adjustable metering system 12 is connected to the nozzle 11. The device 9 has a float valve 13. An electromagnetic valve 14 is placed in the channel between the float valve 13 and the adjustable metering system 12, which is controlled by a temperature sensor in the head cylinder or from the knock sensor, in the simple case, can be controlled from the contact that closes the circuit at a certain opening of the throttle.

 If there is no electric power on the engine, instead of the solenoid valve 14, a kinematic valve 15 connected to the carburetor throttle or a membrane type 16 water supply valve connected to the cavity behind the carburetor throttle (i.e. controlled by vacuum behind the carburetor throttle) can be connected.

 Carburetor engine operates as follows. At the intake stroke, when the piston 2 moves down, air through the water supply device 9 and the carburetor 6 are sucked into the cylinder 1 of the engine.

 After starting and warming up the engine to a certain temperature, the signal (impulse) from the temperature sensor enters the solenoid valve, which opens the channel, and water, under the action of vacuum in the diffuser of the device, begins to flow into the engine cylinder. When the engine is loaded until it warms up, when knocking occurs, the knock sensor includes an electromagnetic valve that opens the channel for water.

 The water supply valve can be switched on from the position of the carburetor throttle (for example, more than 50% of the throttle opening) from electrical contact, mechanically during kinematic connection of the valve with the carburetor throttle and from discharge behind the carburetor throttle (diaphragm valve).

 Depending on the octane number of the fuel and the thermal state of the engine, the amount of water supplied to the cylinder is controlled by the metering system 12 by changing the position of the screw, which changes the valve cross section.

 The greatest effect on increasing energy parameters and reducing fuel consumption is achieved on air-cooled carburetor engines operating in either a 4- or 2-stroke cycle.

Thus, tests performed on an engine with a lateral arrangement of air cooling valves of the UMZ-5A model, operated on A-76 gasoline, showed the possibility of using kerosene having a low octane number without changing the compression ratio. At the same time, about 80% of water was supplied to the engine cylinder (G _in / G _t 0.8, where G _{is the} mass of water, G _t is the mass of fuel).

 Energy parameters of the engine increased 30% hourly consumption of kerosene remained approximately at the level of gasoline A-76.

 The application of the invention will significantly reduce the operational fuel consumption of the engine.

Claims (6)

 1. A carburetor internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and a cylinder head with a piston and a spark plug, inlet and outlet channels respectively, a carburetor having a throttle valve and a mixing chamber with a diffuser, a water additive device installed in front of the carburetor and equipped with an adjustable metering system with a valve, characterized in that the device for the addition of water is equipped with an additional diffuser with a water spray placed in it.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve is installed in front of the sprayer.  3. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the valve is electromagnetic and installed with the possibility of control from the signal of the throttle position, or from the signal from the temperature sensor of the engine head, or from the signal of the knock sensor.  4. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the valve is kinematically connected with the throttle of the carburetor.  5. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the valve is made of a membrane type and is installed with the possibility of control from vacuum behind the throttle valve of the carburetor.  6. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that an additional float valve is installed in front of the valve in the device for the addition of water in front of the valve.

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