GB2226595A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2226595A GB2226595A GB8830164A GB8830164A GB2226595A GB 2226595 A GB2226595 A GB 2226595A GB 8830164 A GB8830164 A GB 8830164A GB 8830164 A GB8830164 A GB 8830164A GB 2226595 A GB2226595 A GB 2226595A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- liquid
- piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/12—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
- F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Water is injected into each cylinder 2 of an internal combustion engine 1 during the exhaust stroke of the piston 3 and timed by pressure in the cylinder acting through a bore 7, when the piston 3 uncovers the bore. Pressure in the bore 7 may act through a pipe 8 on a distribution block 10 having water distribution valves 11 to distribute water from a pump 12 via pipes 15 to the cylinders 2. Cylinder pressure through bore 7 may actuate an electric switch and the water injection quantity may be controlled by the fuel injection control to rise with increase in speed. <IMAGE>
Description
Internal Combustion Engine
The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine and to a liquid injection system for an internal combustion engine.
A piston internal combustion engine during its exhaust stroke has its exhaust valve(s) open for escape of exhaust gas from its cylinder(s) via the exhaust valve(s) and the exhaust system (which normally incorporates a silencer).
The exhaust valve(s) and exhaust system provide a flow resistance to the exhaust gas, which will only flow from the cylinder(s) when there is a back pressure in the cylinder(s) which is above ambient pressure and provides a drive pressure for urging the exhaust gas through the exhaust valve(s) and system.
This back pressure is present both in the cylinder(s) and the exhaust system close to the engine. It is what enables turbo-chargers to function, for instance, the pressure being expanded in the turbo-charger to provide useful work in pressurizing air passing to the engine.
The back pressure can be considerable, particularly at high engine speed and in highly rated engines. Undesirable aspects of the back pressure are: (i) that it produces negative work in the engine in that it acts on the piston(s) during the exhaust stroke thereof; (ii) it can inhibit air flow into the engine in that whilst the back pressure remaining in the cylinder(s) at the end of the exhaust stroke exceeds the air pressure in the inlet manifold the air will not flow into the cylinder(s). Of course the residual back pressure will quickly dissipate at the beginning of the inlet stroke as the piston moves from the top dead centre position, but it still limits the inlet period and inhibits inlet flow rate.
The object of the present invention is to reduce back pressure in a piston internal combustion engine.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a piston internal combustion engine including means for injecting cooling liquid into the or each cylinder of the engine during or immediately prior to each exhaust stroke, the injected liquid cooling exhaust gas in the cylinder(s) by absorbing latent heat in evaporating.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a system for injecting cooling liquid into a piston internal combustion engine, the system comprising:
a respective injector for injecting cooling liquid into the or each cylinder of the engine;
a pump for pumping cooling liquid to the or each injector; and
control means for controlling injection of cooling liquid to occur during or immediately prior to each exhaust stroke, the injected liquid cooling exhaust gas in the cylinder(s) by absorbing latent heat in evaporating.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of cooling exhaust gas in a piston internal combustion engine, the method consisting in injecting cooling liquid into the or each cylinder of the engine during or immediately prior to each exhaust stroke, the injected liquid cooling exhaust gas in the cylinder(s) by absorbing latent heat in evaporating.
The injection of liquid in cooling the exhaust gas thereby reduces the back pressure.
The timing of the water injection is conveniently held permanently in phase with the engine cycle by providing a bore in the cylinder(s) which is exposed by the piston at bottom dead centre to allow combustion pressure to act on a mechanical actuator or electrical switch for controlling water ignition.
The quantity of the liquid injected is conveniently under control of a fuel injection control unit, where such is provided. The overall quantity of liquid injected will rise in terms of volume per minute with increased engine speed. The quantity per injection may also be increased at high throttle openings corresponding to a larger charge of fuel/air mixture which therefore requires more cooling to produce a desired low level of back pressure.
Preferably the injected liquid is water.
The invention is applicable to both spark ignition and compression ignition engines. It is also applicable to both reciprocating and rotary piston engines.
To help understanding of the invention, a specific embodiment thereof will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine equipped for cooling liquid injection in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a liquid (and fuel) injection control system for the engine.
Referring to Figure 1, which is not to scale, the block 1 of a multi-cylinder petrol engine has a representative cylinder 2 and a piston 3. A head 4 has inlet and exhaust valves 5,6 operated by non-shown valve gear. The side wall of the block at each cylinder has a bore 7 which is just clear of the top of the piston 3 when the latter is at bottom dead centre. Thus at bottom dead centre, the pressure of the combustion gases is transmitted into the bore 7.
A pipe 8 is connected to the bore 7 by a fitting 9 and leads to a distribution block 10 having a plurality of injection water distribution valves 11. An injection water pump 12 draws water from a tank 13 and passes it to a smoothing reservoir 14 and thence to the inlets of the valves 11, there being one for each engine cylinder. From each valve 11 a further pipe 15 leads via a fitting 16 to an injection bore 17 in the head 4. The valve 11 has a conical head 18 connected via a stem 19 to a piston 20, in a cylinder 21 in the distribution block. The cylinder is in communication with the bore 7. Thus at bottom dead centre, the combustion gas pressure is applied to the piston 20 which opens the valve 11 against the force of a return spring 22. Cooling water is then pumped into the engine cylinder by the pump 12 via the valve 11 and the injection bore 17.
Turning to Figure 2, the engine has fuel injection with a control unit 23 alogrithmically controlling a fuel injection pump 24 in accordance with transducers 25,26,27 reading engine temperature, engine speed and throttle setting respectively. The water injection pump 12 is also controlled by the control unit 22 - to run at a speed largely proportional to the engine speed, whereby an approximately constant water injection is made to each cylinder at its power stroke bottom dead centre. (There is no combustion chamber pressure to operate the valve 11 on induction bottom dead centre). When the engine piston 3 rises from bottom dead centre, the pressure on the valve piston 20 is vented to the engine sump. The water injection pump is speeded up by the control unit 23 for throttle openings larger than usual for the engine speed to inject more water in this increased power situation and vice versa.
It should be noted that the actual quantity of water injected is determined by the pressure generated by the pump, which pressure depends on the pump's speed, and the flow resistance of the valve 11 and associated passages and pipes. The control unit 22 is programmed to keep the pump 12 switched off when the engine is cold.
The injected water in abosrbing latent heat very substantially reduces the exhaust gas temperature and the back pressure. Hence the engine is able to develop more power for a given fuel consumption. Further higher than usual engine speeds can be used. Concommitantly some of the water recondenses in the exhaust pipe and has dissolved in it acidic oxides which result in the noxious gaseous emissions of the engine being reduced.
The invention is not intended to be restricted to the details of the above described embodiment. Other means of controlling the water injection can be employed. Other cooling liquids than water, particularly water with additives such as glycerine, can be used. The invention may be employed with spark ignition engines having carbuerretted fuel supply.
Claims (8)
1. A piston internal combustion engine including means for injecting cooling liquid into a cylinder of the engine during or immediately prior to each exhaust stroke, the injected liquid cooling exhaust gas in the cylinder by absorbing latent heat in evaporating.
2. A piston according to claim 1, wherein said means comprises an injector for injecting cooling liquid into the cylinder of the engine; a pump for pumping cooling liquid to the injector; and control means for controlling injection of the cooling liquid to occur during or immediately prior to each exhaust stroke.
3. A piston internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein the timing of the injection is held permanently in phase with the engine cycle by providing a bore in the cylinder which is exposed by the piston at or adjacent bottom dead centre to allow combustion pressure to act on a mechanical actuator or electrical switch to control liquid injection.
4. A piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of the liquid injected is controlled by a fuel injection control unit so that the overall quantity of liquid injected rises in terms of volume per minute with increased engine speed.
5. A piston internal combustion engine according to claim 4, in which the quantity per injection is also increased at high throttle openings corresponding to a larger charge of fuel/air mixture which therefore requires more cooling to produce a desired low level of back pressure.
6. -A piston internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the cooling liquid is water.
7. A method of cooling exhaust gas in a piston internal combustion engine comprising the step of injecting cooling liquid into the or each cylinder of the engine during or immediately prior to each exhaust stroke, the injected liquid cooling exhaust gas in the cylinder by absorbing latent heat in evaporating.
8. A piston internal combustion engine substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8830164A GB2226595A (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8830164A GB2226595A (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8830164D0 GB8830164D0 (en) | 1989-02-22 |
| GB2226595A true GB2226595A (en) | 1990-07-04 |
Family
ID=10649114
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8830164A Withdrawn GB2226595A (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2226595A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5125366A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-06-30 | Hobbs Cletus L | Water introduction in internal combustion engines |
| EP2534347A2 (en) * | 2010-02-13 | 2012-12-19 | McAlister, Roy Edward | Methods and systems for adaptively cooling combustion chambers in engines |
| US9410474B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2016-08-09 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injector igniters configured to inject multiple fuels and/or coolants and associated methods of use and manufacture |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3608529A (en) * | 1969-05-01 | 1971-09-28 | Combustion Power | Air-pollution-free automobile and method of operating same |
| GB1249110A (en) * | 1967-10-10 | 1971-10-06 | John Titus Thornber | Reciprocating internal combustion engines |
| US3696795A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1972-10-10 | Combustion Power | Air pollution-free internal combustion engine and method for operating same |
| GB2077853A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1981-12-23 | Greenhough John Heath | I.C. Engine with Power Stroke Cooling Fluid Injection |
-
1988
- 1988-12-23 GB GB8830164A patent/GB2226595A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1249110A (en) * | 1967-10-10 | 1971-10-06 | John Titus Thornber | Reciprocating internal combustion engines |
| US3608529A (en) * | 1969-05-01 | 1971-09-28 | Combustion Power | Air-pollution-free automobile and method of operating same |
| US3696795A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1972-10-10 | Combustion Power | Air pollution-free internal combustion engine and method for operating same |
| GB2077853A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1981-12-23 | Greenhough John Heath | I.C. Engine with Power Stroke Cooling Fluid Injection |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5125366A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-06-30 | Hobbs Cletus L | Water introduction in internal combustion engines |
| WO1993024746A1 (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1993-12-09 | Cletus Lee Hobbs | Water introduction in internal combustion engines |
| EP2534347A2 (en) * | 2010-02-13 | 2012-12-19 | McAlister, Roy Edward | Methods and systems for adaptively cooling combustion chambers in engines |
| EP2534347A4 (en) * | 2010-02-13 | 2014-07-23 | Mcalister Roy E | Methods and systems for adaptively cooling combustion chambers in engines |
| US9410474B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2016-08-09 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Integrated fuel injector igniters configured to inject multiple fuels and/or coolants and associated methods of use and manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8830164D0 (en) | 1989-02-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4779581A (en) | Dual fuel injection system for two stroke internal combustion engine | |
| EP0760424B1 (en) | Gaseous fuel direct injection system for internal combustion engines | |
| US5069189A (en) | Fuel injector system for internal combustion engine | |
| US4831993A (en) | Method of operating carburetted dual-fuel engines with diesel pilot oil injection | |
| US4848283A (en) | Marine engine with combination vapor return, crankcase pressure, and cooled fuel line conduit | |
| KR920008318A (en) | Engine Exhaust Recirculation System | |
| EP0266610B1 (en) | Fuel system for a two-cycle internal combustion engine | |
| CA1307208C (en) | Solenoid controlled oil injection system for two cycle engine | |
| FI70070C (en) | PAO GNISTTAENDNING BASERAD FOERBRAENNINGSMOTOR | |
| US5363651A (en) | Free piston internal combustion engine | |
| JP2997750B2 (en) | Fuel injection engine | |
| EP0754846A3 (en) | Internal combustion engine and method for controlling same | |
| JPS6113740Y2 (en) | ||
| AU7210891A (en) | Improvements to two-stroke internal combustion engines with diesel-type compression ignition | |
| GB2226595A (en) | Internal combustion engine | |
| US20030056749A1 (en) | Hybrid air engine | |
| JP2761412B2 (en) | In-cylinder internal combustion engine | |
| US5598819A (en) | Piston engine cycles | |
| JPH04321747A (en) | Internal combustion engine | |
| US4892066A (en) | Multi-cylinder two-stroke engine with reduced cost and complexity | |
| US6227165B1 (en) | Engine control strategy and system | |
| SE8903220D0 (en) | DEVICE FOR REDUCING GAS EXCHANGE LOSSES WITH A COMBUSTION ENGINE | |
| JP4046824B2 (en) | In-cylinder injection type 2-cycle engine | |
| KR920002903A (en) | Internal combustion engine and its operation method | |
| GB1482680A (en) | Method of operating an air-compressing and self-igniting injection internal-combustion engine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |