RU2090540C1 - Method of preparation of birds excrement for utilization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: poultry factories, more particularly manufacture of commercial products (fertilizers, feed additives) or semiproducts. SUBSTANCE: after charging moist excrement into drying chamber, birds excrement is heat treated and dehydrated in fluidized bed of inert hydrophobic material. The material is fluoroplastic crumb having effective diameter of particles of 1-10 mm, preferably 3- 5 mm. EFFECT: more efficient method. 2 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used, in particular, for processing and disposal of bird droppings with the receipt of various commercial products and / or intermediates either by direct use (after preparation according to the invention) in the form of fertilizers, feed additives, or as component for the production of animal feed, complex organic and mineral fertilizers, etc.

Known [1] the method of biothermal processing of bird droppings, which consists in the following. Raw droppings with a moisture content of not more than 60-65% are loaded into special pits constructed from moisture- and heat-resistant material. On top of the pit close tight lids with holes for air flow. After 20-25 days after loading the litter, the temperature in the pit rises to 60 ^o C. The process of decomposition of raw materials ends in 35-40 days; this forms a homogeneous, odorless compost suitable for fertilizer.

 The disadvantages of this method are the low productivity and the need for additional drying in order to ensure transportation, storage and subsequent dosage.

Of the known analogues [2], the closest to the claimed method according to the totality of features is a known method of processing bird droppings - a prototype [3] consisting in the following. The initial raw (humidity of 60-85%) bird droppings are initially sent to a vibrating screen to remove foreign objects, then they are fed into the mixer-batcher by a screw batcher to mix the wet droppings with part of the dried droppings (to reduce humidity). Then the resulting mixture is conveyed by a screw conveyor into a direct-flow drying drum. Drying (dehydration) is carried out at a temperature of the drying agent at the beginning of 900-1000 ^o C, at the end of 120-160 ^o C. From the drying drum the litter through the unloading device enters the crusher to grind large lumps of dried manure and then to the cooling column to cool the finished product .

 From the cooling column, the dried manure is sent by a conveyor to the accumulator, from which the finished product is packaged and / or shipped to consumers.

 Thus obtained product has a moisture content of 12-14% and is a lumpy crumb with a granule size of 1 to 10 mm.

The disadvantages of this method (prototype) are as follows:
sticking of wet manure to the walls of the drum and, therefore, burning of manure, reducing the quality and consumer properties of the finished product: reducing the content of nutrients, useful components;
the need for special grinding of the finished product; heterogeneity (from 1 to 10 mm) of the dried and crushed product;
the need to return the dried product to the "head" of the process to reduce the moisture content of the original product entering the drum for drying. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the productivity of the method as a whole.

 The claimed technical solution is aimed at solving the problem of providing conditions for obtaining a target product homogeneous in dispersion, convenient for subsequent disposal; Another object of the invention is to reduce the loss of the final product with non-utilizable production waste.

These tasks are solved by the proposed method of processing waste from poultry farms (bird droppings), the essence of which is expressed by the following set of essential features:
auger transportation of the initial wet bird droppings from the storage tank to the dispenser;
loading wet manure from the metering hopper into the drying chamber;
supply of heat carrier gas to the drying chamber;
the process of heat treatment and dehydration of the litter in a fluidized bed of a hydrophobic material, which can be used fluoroplastic with an effective particle diameter of 1-10 mm, mainly 3-5 mm;
unloading the litter into the discharge hopper and packaging of the finished product.

 An essential distinguishing feature of the proposed method is that litter dehydration is carried out in a fluidized bed of an inert hydrophobic material.

 Another significant distinguishing feature of the proposed method is that fluoroplastic with an effective particle diameter of 1-10 mm, preferably 3-5 mm, is used as an inert hydrophobic material.

As shown by laboratory and experimental tests, the above conditions for the implementation of the proposed method provide, ceteris paribus, the achievement of a technical result, which consists in the following:
obtaining a homogeneous dispersed composition of the target product, convenient for subsequent disposal, in particular, the proposed method eliminates the formation of lumps, and the resulting product is a fine powder that can be easily granulated by any of the known methods, including by mixing with other components, for example, with mineral additives, and the receipt of organo-mineral fertilizers;
obtaining granulated feed, etc.

 In addition to the above technical result, as shown by tests, the sticking of droppings on the walls of the drying chamber is not observed according to the proposed method, and therefore there is no “burning” of droppings on the walls and there is no decrease (as in the prototype) of the quality of the target product. Therefore, the proposed method is significantly lower product loss and higher productivity of the process as a whole.

 The analysis of the prior art in relation to the totality of all the essential features of the claimed technical solution shows that the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

 Verification of compliance of the claimed invention with the requirement of an inventive step in relation to the totality of essential features indicates that the proposed method does not follow for experts explicitly from the prior art.

 Example. About 100 kg of wet (75%) chicken droppings were processed at the pilot plant using the proposed method. During the tests, the initial wet chicken droppings from the dispenser were fed by a screw feeder into the lower part of the drying chamber to a layer of inert hydrophobic material with fluoroplastic crumb with an effective diameter of 4 ± 1 mm. At the same time, a heat carrier gas (from burning fuel oil or natural gas) was fed into the drying chamber, into the layer (or under the layer) of the fluoroplastic crumb.

 Under these conditions, the following processes occur in the drying chamber. Wet chicken droppings envelop a thin layer of the surface of the particles (crumbs) of the fluoroplastic; due to the flow of the heat carrier fluid, a boiling fluidized bed of fluoroplastic particles coated with a thin film of wet manure is created; in connection with the large surface of the particles, debris occurs, which is in the form of a thin layer (film) on the surface of the fluoroplastic particles. Since the adhesion of the litter to hydrophobic materials is relatively small, as the moisture is lost, the dried litter is chipped off from the surface of the fluoroplastic particles and crushed by multiple contacts and collisions in a fluidized bed. The litter thus treated was unloaded from the drying chamber and packaged in small containers.

 Tests showed that prepared by the proposed method, heat-treated and dried chicken droppings is a homogeneous finely dispersed free-flowing mass (0.5-1 mm), convenient for subsequent processing (for example, for granulation) and for packaging, transportation and storage (practically not caked) .

 Residual humidity, depending on the feed rate of the initial litter and heat carrier gas, can fluctuate over a fairly wide range: from 5 to 25%. It should be noted that the humidity of the final product is easily regulated. Depending on the purpose of the final product, the proposed method can achieve a residual moisture content of either 5-8% (for example, in the case of direct use of dried and heat-treated litter as fertilizers or feed additives), or 20 ± 5% (in case the product is then granulated by one of the known methods).

 During the tests, the influence of the particle size of the fluoroplastic on the efficiency of the process was examined. It was found that when using "large" (more than 20 mm) particles, productivity drops sharply, and when using "small" (less than 1 mm) particles of inert material, difficulties arise associated with solving the problem of separation of the finished, dried (dehydrated) product and the inert material. It is optimal to use an inert hydrophobic material with an effective diameter of 1-10 (3-5) mm.

 During the tests, experiments were also conducted with other materials, in particular with hydrophilic and non-inert with respect to wet chicken droppings. It was found that: firstly, the replacement of a hydrophobic material (fluoroplastic) with a hydrophilic one (glass beads) leads to a sharp, several-fold decrease in process performance (in addition, self-grinding of glass beads and glass “chips” getting into final product); secondly, the replacement of inert (i.e., not interacting with wet chicken droppings) with non-inert hydrophilic, in particular, potassium chloride (in order to obtain complex organic-mineral fertilizers in one step) led to a decrease in productivity and formation in the lower part of the dryer lump chambers ("pelletizing", "aggregation", "pelletizing") and, in a number of experiments, to overgrowing and burning.

In the case of using fluoroplastic as an inert hydrophobic material (d _eff = 3 5 mm) in a fluidized bed, the process of preparing chicken litter and its subsequent disposal proceeds without any complications: no sticking, burning of the litter was observed and, accordingly, no valuable losses were observed protein components during dehydration and heat treatment.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of preparing poultry manure for disposal, including loading wet manure into the drying chamber, supplying heat carrier gas to the drying chamber, manure dehydration, unloading and packing, characterized in that manure is dehydrated in a fluidized bed of an inert hydrophobic material.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as an inert hydrophobic material using fluoroplastic with an effective particle diameter of 1 10 mm, mainly 3 5 mm