RU2090051C1 - Cereal straw splitting up and grinding apparatus for grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural equipment. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has transverse rotor 1 with toothed cutting disks 2 and spacer sleeves 3, and shear part having two rolls 4, whose surfaces are provided with sharp teeth offset one relative to the other, with space between sharp teeth being equal to width of disk tooth. Sharp teeth of one roll are separated from sharp teeth of other roll by distance preventing direct interaction between sharp teeth. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the technology of harvesting crops using straw for fertilizer.

Known devices for chopping straw hung on combine harvesters are PUN-5, hung on a SK-5 "Niva" combine, PUN-6, hung on a SK-6 "Kolos" combine, PKN-1500, hung on a Don-1500 combine [1]
Devices such as PUN, PKN consist of a chopping drum with rigidly fixed knives (PUN-5, PUN-6) or articulated knives (PKN), a counter device with fixed knives, a screw and a fan.

 In the devices under consideration, there is a very large gap between the blade of the knife and the blade of the counter device (about 60 mm).

The disadvantages of these devices for chopping straw are:
1) lack of jamming of straw during the cutting process;
2) low-quality chopping of straw;
3) the work of the grinders on the principle of kink-bending and, as a consequence, the high specific energy consumption of the grinding process;
4) insufficient splitting of straw scraps.

 Known chopper [2] prototype. The chopper includes a cutting device in the form of a transverse rotor with gear cutting disks and spacer rings, as well as a counter device made in the form of two shafts with grooved disks and spacer rings, the cutting disks being placed opposite the spacer rings of the counter device, and the corrugated disks of one shaft are located with radially overlapping with grooved discs of another shaft.

 Chopped straw is fed between the grooved discs of the counter device and pinched. The cutting discs cut the crushed mass of straw. Such a chopper is able to chop even rice straw. As you know, rice straw has a high silicon content and is crushed with great difficulty.

 However, the chopper according to ed. N 1158093 has inherent disadvantages, namely: during the operation of the chopper, only the straw stalks are flattened, but not split.

 The technical solution to the problem is to improve the quality of grinding the non-grain part of the crop (straw) used in the form of organic fertilizer, achieved by splitting the straw scraps, reducing the energy consumption of the grinding process.

 The technical solution is achieved in that the device for the combine harvester for splitting and grinding straw of cereal crops, including a cutting part made in the form of a transverse rotor with gear cutting disks and spacer sleeves, as well as a counter part, which is made in the form of two rollers with protrusions, from the prototype in that the rollers are mounted to rotate at different peripheral speeds, and the protrusions on the rollers are made in the form of sharp teeth located on the side surface in rows of parallel to the axis of rotation, while in each row the teeth are set with an offset equal to the width of the tooth, and the teeth of one roller are removed from the teeth of the other roller to a distance that excludes their direct interaction.

 In addition, the device is equipped with a bar pitched board installed at the end of the straw walker of the combine with the possibility of oscillation.

 The authors and the applicant perceive the novelty in the device part in that due to the presence of sharp teeth located on the surface of the rollers of the opposing part having different peripheral speeds, in addition to flattening, straw scraps also break down, which worsens its humification.

 The author and the applicant see the novelty in the device part in that by providing an orderly supply of stems from the straw walker to the rollers with the help of an oscillating bar ramp, a better chopping of straw is obtained.

 According to the technical, scientific and patent documentation, no combination of features has been identified, such as in the inventive device, which indicates the inventive level.

 Industrial applicability of the claimed technical solution is seen in the fact that it can be used on an industrial basis.

 The device is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a sweeper with a device for chopping straw; in FIG. 2 device for chopping and splitting straw (chopper) main view; in FIG. 3 section AA chopper; in FIG. 4 - remote element 1.

 A device for a combine harvester for splitting and grinding straw of cereal crops contains a cutting part made in the form of a transverse rotor 1 with gear cutting disks 2 and spacer sleeves 3, as well as an opposing part in the form of two rollers 4 having different peripheral speeds (speed) for better capture of the non-cereal portion. The rollers on their surface have protrusions in the form of sharp teeth 5, which are arranged in rows on the side surface parallel to the axis of rotation, while in each row the teeth are set with an offset equal to the width of the tooth, and the teeth of one roller are removed from the teeth of the other roller by a distance that excludes them direct interaction.

 At the end of the straw walker 6, an oscillating bar pitched board 7 is installed to provide an orderly supply of stems to the opposing part of the chopping device. After chopping, the straw falls on the spreader 8 of chopped mass and is evenly distributed over the field.

 A device for a grain combine for grinding straw works as follows.

 During the operation of the harvesting machine, straw coming from the straw walker of the combine along the oscillating bar ramp 7 is sent to the chopping device. In the process of moving along the bar pitched board 7 there is an ordered orientation of the stems with the long axis of the shafts of the counter and cutting drums.

 The stem is compressed by rollers 4 of the opposing device and flattened. Due to the different angular velocities of the rollers of the opposing device, and therefore the different angular velocities of the sharp teeth 5 on the surface of the rollers 4, the straw is split. Compressed and split straw by the blades of knives (chopping discs 2) is cut into lengths, determined by the width of the spacer sleeves 3 of the cutting device.

Claims (2)

 1. A device for a combine harvester for splitting and grinding straw of cereal crops, including a cutting part made in the form of a transverse rotor with gear cutting disks and spacer sleeves, as well as a counter part in the form of two rollers with protrusions, characterized in that the rollers are installed with the possibility rotation with different peripheral speeds, and the protrusions on the rollers are made in the form of sharp teeth located on the side surface in rows parallel to the axis of rotation, while in each row the teeth are mounted with a joint equal to the width of the tooth, and the teeth of one roll are removed from the teeth of the other roll to a distance that excludes their direct interaction.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it has a straw walker with a bar pitched board installed at the end of the straw walker with the possibility of oscillation.

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