RU2087167C1 - Method for extinguishing forest fire - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry, in particular, ground and underground fire extinguishing in coniferous forest and forest-steppe zones. SUBSTANCE: method involves surrounding fire zones with strips continuously moistened by means of readily assembled pipelines with sprinkler units; supplying water to sprinkler units from any available source by means of pump plants through conveyance pipeline; increasing width of moistened strip at leeward side, with fire and forest burning intensity being taken into consideration; moistening auxiliary strip by sweep sprinkling. EFFECT: increased efficiency in eliminating forest fire and simplified method. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to forestry and can be used to extinguish forest fires in the taiga and forest-steppe zones of the country.

 A known method of extinguishing forest fires by plowing the fire with forest plows. However, in mountainous conditions on wetlands, the use of tractor forest plows is impossible, and the plowed strip is easily overcome by fire.

 The closest technical solution to fighting forest fires is the mineralized strip around the fire, which is created by destroying forest vegetation and litter with explosives (BB).

However, this method has the following disadvantages:
the probability of a front-line fire of medium intensity crossing a 2.8-meter wide strip in a 30-meter section is 22%, and when the strip lengths increase, it approaches unity (Forestry, 1986, N 5, p. 53);
the high complexity of laying mineralized strips, their lack of effectiveness in extinguishing horse fires;
lack of extinguishing agent in BB charge, reducing its effectiveness [1]
lack of compliance with environmental requirements (when laying mineralized stripes in the forest, toner and undergrowth are destroyed, water erosion occurs, and the use of BB is limited near settlements and communications).

 The purpose of the invention is the localization and extinguishing of forest fires.

 This is achieved by the fact that the fire focus is surrounded by moistened and leeward strips, which are continuously irrigated from any water sources using mobile pumping stations, transporting pipelines, quick-assembly pipelines with sprinklers and sprinkler loops, and the distance from the fire to the exposed strip is determined by the propagation speed fire and time layout of portable equipment. The width of the leeward is increased, depending on the strength of the fire and the burning of the forest.

 Quick-assembly pipelines are laid under the protection of an auxiliary strip moistened by a sprinkler plume.

After moistening the forest with a norm of 3 mm (30 m ³ / ha), the risk of sunburn becomes minimal (Giryaev D.M. How to protect the forest from fire, M. Agropromizdat, 1989, p.23).

 After a forest burns out in a limited area, the fire extinguishes.

 The drawing shows a diagram of a method of extinguishing forest fires.

 From any source 1, mobile pumping stations 2 supply water to the transport pipe 3, from which water passes through hydrants 4 to the quick-collection pipe 5 with sprinklers 6, laid along the humidified strip 7. Taking into account the direction of the wind 8, the moistened strip 7 is located on the windward side of the source fire 9.

 On the leeward side of the fire 9, there is a sprinkler loop 10 with a tractor 11 for moistening the auxiliary strip 12. The leeward strip 13 is moistened by mobile pumping stations 2 from the transport pipeline 3.

 The backup mobile pumping station 2 and the sprinkler loop 10 are placed near the fire area. All equipment must be fireproof.

 The proposed method of extinguishing forest fires is implemented as follows.

 Having received information about the forest fire from the observer pilot, using cartographic and taxation materials, the head of the fire-chemical station (PCM) draws up a fire extinguishing plan and gives an order to eliminate it by radio.

 In accordance with the plan to extinguish a forest fire, a command of paratroopers-firefighters first arrives at the site of ignition and, with the help of backpack equipment, stops the spread of flame. At the same time, firefighters, machine operators and fire fighting equipment are sent to the fire site.

 At any source of water 1 (sea, pond, lake, river, canal, collector, digging, fire reservoir, etc.), mobile pumping stations 2 are installed, a transport pipeline 3 with hydrants 4 is laid, to which, taking into account wind direction 8, quick-assembled pipelines are connected 5 with sprinklers 6, a sprinkler loop "ЩД-25/300" 10 with a tractor 11 for humidifying the auxiliary strip 12 60 m wide and mobile pumping stations 2 supplying water to the leeward strip 13. The humidified strip 7 and the leeward strip 13 surrounding the area forest and with a fire source 9, continuously irrigated by sprinklers 6.

 The width of the leeward band 13 is increased taking into account the strength of the fire and the burning of the forest.

 The auxiliary strip 12 delays the spread of fire and provides a safe environment for laying quick-assembled pipelines and installing mobile pumping stations 2 leeward strip 13.

 The deployment and installation time of portable fire fighting equipment depends on the specific conditions, i.e. fire forces, terrain, method of equipment delivery and training of firefighters.

 The forest area between moistened 7, auxiliary 12 and leeward 13 bands burns out and the fire extinguishes.

 Fire extinguishing is performed using quick-assembled pipelines 7 with sprinklers 6 and a sprinkler loop 10.

 In those cases when the fire is gaining great strength and there is a danger of the passage of fire through the leeward lane 13, the transport pipeline 3 is increased, mobile pumping stations 2, quick-assembled pipelines 5 with sprinklers 6 are transferred to a new position, surrounding a burning forest. Moreover, on the leeward side, the width of the leeward band 13, if necessary, is adjusted to 500 m (Methods and means of combating forest fires, collection of scientific papers, M. 1986, p.69).

 A strip of this width is insurmountable for a fire of any strength.

 After eliminating the fire, all equipment is dismantled.

The technical and economic effectiveness of the proposed method of extinguishing forest fires is as follows:
rapid localization and extinguishing of forest fires are provided;
for extinguishing a fire, the cheapest water resource of any source is used;
the constant irrigation of forest litter, trees, all forest materials and air in the moistened and leeward areas creates an insurmountable fire barrier;
more fully than in the base case, environmental requirements are observed: the volume of forest burned is reduced, soil erosion is absent, all utilities are saved, carbon dioxide pollution is reduced, animals and birds die less;
fire extinguishing costs are half as much as in the base case.

Claims (1)

 The method of extinguishing forest fires, which consists in creating a fire-retardant protective strip covering the fire source, characterized in that an additional protective strip is created on the leeward side of the fire source, while both covering and additional wired strips form the earth's surface protected from fire by irrigation.