RU208292U1 - Electrical stimulator for the study of supravital reactions - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine and can be applied in forensic practice in terms of determining the time of death by supravital reactions. The technical problem of the claimed utility model is to increase the reliability of the device for determining the prescription of death by supravital reactions of the body. The technical result consists in providing the possibility of accurately determining the prescription of the onset of death according to the supravital reactions of the body. The specified technical result is achieved in an electrical stimulus for the study of supravital reactions, containing a housing with an electronic unit installed in it, configured to generate electrical impulses, as well as needle electrodes, additionally contains a built-in battery, needle electrodes are connected to the housing via a cable, with the possibility of disconnecting it from housing, on the front panel of the housing there are: a button for turning on an electric impulse, a light indicator of the battery status with smoothly changing color indicators, a current switch, while the rear panel of the electric stimulus contains a connector for connecting a charger, a light indicator of the charging mode and a power switch for the device, and an electronic unit , converting direct current into alternating current, is made with the ability to work in two modes, differing from each other in the power of the generated electrical impulses for the possibility of studying the reactions of organisms depending on the degree of development of the muscle tissue of the object under study.

Description

The useful model relates to medicine and can be applied in forensic medicine in terms of determining the time of death on the basis of supravital reactions.

The ability of individual organs and tissues of a corpse, primarily skeletal muscles, to respond to various external stimuli was known for a long time, but only in 1916 S. Zsako first proposed using these postmortem reactions to determine the time of death. At present, mechanical, electrical and chemical stimulation of muscles, as well as some other supravital reactions, are used for this purpose.

Irritation of the muscles of the face and hand using a portable direct current source [Rhocor O., 1960, and others] makes it possible to determine the time of death during the first 8-10 hours. The current is supplied through needle electrodes inserted into the muscle at the outer corners of the eyes, at the corners mouth, into the flexor muscles of the forearm.

The original design of the device for measuring the electrical excitability of the muscles of a corpse using alternating current was proposed by N.P. Marchenko (1966). The use of this device showed that during the first 2-3 hours after death, the muscles of the eyes, mouth, neck, upper and lower extremities respond to irritation. After 5-7 hours, the response of all muscles disappears, except for the muscles of the eye, which respond to electrical stimulation for 11-12 hours.

From the prior art, electrical stimuli of muscles ERM-1 and ERM-2 are known for the study of electrical excitability of muscles V.V.Bilkun (1980). The electrodes of these devices are inserted either into the circular muscle at the outer corners of the eyes, or into the circular muscle of the mouth at its corners. ("Forensic Medicine: A Guide for Physicians" / edited by AA Malyshev. 3rd ed. Revised and supplemented - St. Petersburg: Hippocrates, publishing house "Medicine", Moscow 1998-544 p., P. 379 -380)

Determination of the prescription of death remains one of the key tasks in the work of a forensic medical expert and requires a comprehensive study and fixation of changes that occur after a person's death. The absence of a unified accurate device for determining the prescription of death, the presence of expensive techniques requiring special equipment, necessitated further study of this problem in the forensic medical examination industry. Today, only a combination of the maximum number of indicators indicating the prescription of death can provide a reasonable result that meets the needs of law enforcement agencies.

The technical problem of the claimed utility model is to increase the reliability of the device for determining the prescription of death on the basis of the supravital reactions of the body.

The technical result consists in providing the ability to accurately determine the prescription of death by the supravital reactions of the body.

The specified technical result is achieved in an electrical stimulator for the study of supravital reactions, containing a housing with an electronic unit installed in it, made with the ability to generate electrical impulses, as well as needle electrodes, additionally contains a built-in battery, the needle electrodes are connected to the housing by means of a cable, with the possibility of its disconnection from of the case, on the front panel of the case there are: a button for turning on the electrical impulse, a light indicator of the battery status with smoothly changing color indicators, a current switch, while the rear panel of the electrical stimulator contains a connector for a charger, a light indicator of the charging mode and a power switch for the device, and an electronic unit converting direct current into alternating current, it is made with the possibility of working in two modes, differing from each other in the power of the generated electrical impulses for the possibility of studying the reactions of the organism mov depending on the degree of development of the muscle tissue of the studied object.

The power of the generated electric pulse in the operating modes corresponds to 25 mA and 30 mA.

The declared utility model is explained on graphic materials, where:

FIG. 1- electrical irritant front view;

Fig. 2 is an electrical stimulator, rear view;

1 - connector for connecting a cable with electrodes;

2 - current switch;

3 - battery status indicator;

4 - button for switching on the supply of impulses;

5 - charger connector;

6 - indicator of the charging mode;

7 - instrument power switch

The claimed useful model relates to the field of research of supravital reactions, namely muscle responses to electrical stimulation in the form of contraction of individual muscle groups (in particular, facial), by applying needle electrodes to certain points. The device is designed to supply current-stabilized electrical impulses of a certain shape to the object under study.

It is known that most of the examinations of corpses at the scene are carried out in the early postmortal period, even before the onset of the so-called "cell death", which is an indicator of the final death of individual organs and tissues. During this period, there is a gradual, time-dependent extinction of the viability of individual organs, tissues and cells, while their ability to respond to external stimuli remains. this phenomenon was called supravital reactions, the development of an additional criterion for determining the prescription of death with an increase in the accuracy of its diagnosis led to the development of this useful model.

The device consists of an electronic unit (with a built-in battery) that generates electrical impulses, enclosed in an ABC plastic case. On the front panel of the device (Fig. 1) there is a connector for connecting a cable with electrodes, a current switch, a pulse button and a battery status indicator LED

On the rear panel of the device (Fig. 2) there are the device power switch, the charger connector and the LED indicator of the device charging mode

Before starting work with the object, it is necessary to test the device: without connecting the cable with electrodes to the device and the charger, turn the device power switch to the “On” position, while the battery status indicator on the front panel of the device should light up. The light color of the indicator can smoothly change from green to red (green - the battery is charged; yellow or orange - the battery is partially discharged; red - discharged, it is forbidden to work, you must connect the charger).

If the battery status indicator permits operation (green or yellow), you need to press the button for turning on the impulses, and a sound signal will sound (if there is a signal, the device is operational and ready for operation).

And then insert the cable with electrodes into the connector for connecting the cable with electrodes (the electrodes are not closed) and press the pulse button, if there is no sound signal, release the button.

Close the electrodes together and press the impulse button again, while a sound signal should be heard (if there is a signal, the cable with the electrodes is working properly and the device is ready for operation).

Electrode E is connected to the test object by immersing the needle electrodes into the test object is in certain places, such as in the facial area and act on it electrical impulses indicating the pre-operation desired (by selecting a desired mode switch current 25 mA or 30 mA). Electronic unit, converts DC voltage of 3.7 V to AC, amplitude of 30 V.

According to the response of the investigated object to the effect of electrical impulses in terms of reducing the electrical excitability of muscles, a conclusion is made about the prescription of death, while the type and cause of death, gender, age and environmental factors do not affect the accuracy of the study, which increases its value in determining the duration of death ...

Claims (2)

1. An electrical stimulator for the study of supravital reactions, containing a housing with an electronic unit installed in it, made with the ability to generate electrical impulses, as well as needle electrodes, characterized in that it additionally contains a built-in battery, the needle electrodes are connected to the housing by means of a cable, with the possibility of its detachment from the case, on the front panel of the case there are made: a button for turning on the electrical impulse, a light indicator of the battery status with changing color indicators, a current switch, while the rear panel of the electrical stimulator contains a connector for a charger, a light indicator of the charging mode and a power switch for the device, and an electronic unit is made with the ability to convert direct current into alternating current, as well as with the ability to work in two modes, differing from each other in the power of the generated electrical impulses for the possibility of studying the reactions of organisms in depending on the degree of development of the muscle tissue of the object under study. 2. An electrical stimulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to generate electrical impulses of 25 mA and 30 mA in operating modes.

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