RU2079653C1 - Device for rock breakage by breaking-off from rock mass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining; rock breakage. SUBSTANCE: the offered device has hydraulic cylinder with stop piston and rod with end stop on the free end, thrust piston and tubular rod with cone expansion on free end coaxially installed on stop rod, opening collet embracing cone expansion of tubular rod and connected with hydraulic cylinder piston, hydraulic pump with pressure line, return line, supplying lines communicated with hollows of hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic distributor communicating pressure and return lines with supplying lines. Device also has mechanism for turning the stop rod during its withdrawal into hydraulic cylinder and additional hydraulic pump with pressure and return lines and two supplying lines communicated with hollows of hydraulic cylinder above stop piston and between the pistons, distributor of alternating communication of additional supplying lines with additional main lines. Hydraulic drive of distributor is communicated with additional pressure line. Installed on additional supplying lines is normally opened valve with spring-loaded control valve and control cavity communicated with the main pressure line. End stop is made in form of drill crown bit. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for non-explosive destruction of a monolith and can be used in the mining industry, as well as in construction, for example, in the destruction of concrete.

 The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device by making it possible for them to drill holes in rocks.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device in longitudinal section: in FIG. 2 a section A-A of FIG. one.

 The device consists of a hydraulic cylinder 1 with a spacer 2 and a stop 3 hydraulic pistons installed in it and a working body consisting of a expanding collet 4 connected at one end to the end of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and covering the conical broadening of the tubular rod 5 of the piston 2, coaxially mounted on the rod with an end stop 7 at the free end in the form of a drill column, a rotation mechanism 8, a thrust rod when it is retracted into the hydraulic cylinder, for example, dependent action with a helical thread 9 on the rod 6. The rotation mechanism 8 consists of a ratchet 10, which is in interaction with its protrusions with a helical (screw) thread 9 on the rod 9, ratchet dogs 11 with springs 12 and rods 13.

 The spacer piston 2 and the thrust piston 3 form a spacer A, a thrust B and a return B cavity between each other and the body of the hydraulic cylinder 1. The return cavity 0c is divided (using such a rod rotation mechanism) the rotation mechanism 8 into two parts that are interconnected via channels 14. Moreover, the rod rotation mechanism is simultaneously a stroke limiter for the translational movement of the spacer 2 and the thrust 3 pistons.

 The hydraulic control system of the device consists of the main and additional hydraulic systems. The main one includes the main pump 15 of low productivity, the safety valve 16, the main hydraulic distributor 17, the controlled valve 18 with the control cavity D. The additional hydraulic system includes the additional pump 19 of the high capacity, the safety valve 20, the additional distributor 21, for example, rotary type, the hydraulic actuator 22 of the additional the distributor 21, a spring-loaded normally open valve 23 of the spool type with a control cavity G and a spring 24, pressing the spool 25 from the side, p rotationally lying control cavity G. For the circulation of the working fluid, the main and additional hydraulic control systems of the device are equipped with an oil tank 26, pressure 27, 28 drain lines 29, 30 and supply lines 31.37. The distributor 21 alternately connects the lines 34 and 35 with the lines 27 and 29.

 The device operates as follows. All device operation is divided into two periods. The first period of work in the mode of rotary drilling of a hole; the second period is work in tearing mode. Before starting the operation of the device, the main distributor 17 is installed in the neutral (right according to the drawing) position, which ensures the operation of the device in the shock-rotary drilling mode.

 When the oil station is turned on, the main pump 15 works to drain through the line 28, and the fluid pressure in the control cavity G of the valve 23 of the constantly connected line 33 with the pressure line 28 of the main hydraulic system is insufficient to create a force on the spool 25 that can overcome the resistance of the spring 24. As a result, the valve 23 during operation of the device in drilling mode, the borehole remains constantly open, providing a connection of the pressure 27 and drain 29 lines of the additional hydraulic system with the pressure B and the return To the cavity and devices. In this case, the working fluid from the oil block 26 is supplied with an additional high-capacity pump 19 along the line 27 to the rotary type distributor 21 and the hydraulic actuator 22 and pumps it to the left or right (according to the drawing) position. When installing the distributor 21 in the right (according to the drawing) position, the working fluid from the high-performance pump 19 along the line 27, the supply lines 32, 34 through a normally open valve 23 enters the thrust cavity B of the device. At this time, the return cavity B is connected via a normally open valve 23 via a supply line 35 and a line 29 through a normally open valve 23 and a rotary distributor 21. In the thrust cavity B, a shock pulse is formed under the influence of which the thrust piston 3 and the associated rod 6 with the drill bit 7 at the end moves to the right (according to the drawing) and strikes the destructible material. At the next point in time, the distributor 21 of the rotary type is switched by means of the hydraulic actuator 22 to another (left in the drawing) position. In this case, the thrust cavity B through line 34 and line 29 is connected to the drain, and the return cavity In line 35 and line 27 with the pressure. The persistent piston 3 and the associated rod 6 with the drill bit 7 at the end moves to the left (according to the drawing) position, making a reverse stroke, in which the rod 6 is rotated by a certain angle by means of the rotation mechanism 8, the action of which is as follows. During the stroke, the stem 6 moves to the right without rotating. However, he rotates the ratchet box 10 with his two helicoidal cutouts 9. The ratchet dogs 11 with springs 12 and rods 13 fixed in the cylinder body 1 do not interfere with this. During the reverse stroke, the ratchet dogs 11 lock the ratchet box 10, as a result of this, the rod 6 rotates together with the drill bit 7 by a certain angle.

 Next, the cycle repeats. The device operates in the shock drilling working body. An additional hydraulic system that ensures the operation of the device in the mode of rotary shock drilling can include other elements, for example, a hydraulic accumulator.

 After the hole will be drilled in the destructible material to a predetermined depth, it is destroyed by separation. In this case, the main hydraulic control system is used, and the device operates in the mode of a tear-off working body. For this, the distributor 17 is installed in the extreme left (according to the drawing) position.

 Since the force exerted by the control cavity G of the valve 23 at the operating positions of the distributor 17 is greater than the force of the spring 24 of the valve 23, the spool 25, moving to the left (according to the drawing) position, disconnects the device from the additional hydraulic system. The working fluid from the main pump 15 along the line 28 and the supply line 36 through a controllable valve 18 enters the spacer cavity A of the device. The piston 2 moves to the left (according to the drawing), entraining a tubular rod 5 with a conical broadening, which, by pushing apart the petals of the expanding collet 4, provides a reliable spacer and grip on the borehole walls. While persistent B and return In the cavity through the distributor 17 are connected to the drain. By switching the main distributor 17 to the right by one position, the working fluid is supplied from the pump 15 via line 34 to the thrust cavity B of the device. In this case, the return cavity B is connected to the drain, and the working fluid in the expansion plane A is locked by means of a controlled valve 18. The piston 3 with the stem 63 moves to the right (according to the drawing), the latter rests against the end stop 7 against the bottom of the hole, after which the cylinder body 1 of the device leaves from the bottom (to the left according to the drawing) and the separation of the captured area from the array is performed. When the distributor 17 is installed in the next third working position, the working fluid flows through line 35 into the return chamber B and at the same time through the line 37 into the cavity D of the controlled valve 18. The latter opens, and the fluid flows from the cavity A to drain. The piston 2 moves to the right (according to the drawing). The thrust cavity B of the line 34 is also connected to the drain, and the piston 3 moves to the left (according to the drawing). The device returns to its original position. When installing the distributor 17 in the neutral position, the far right (according to the drawing), the spacer A, the thrust B and the return In the cavity of the device are disconnected from the main hydraulic system. The force developed in the control cavity G of the crane 23 becomes less than the force from the side of the spring 24. The spool 25 moves to the right (according to the drawing) and automatically connects the thrust B and return C cavity of the device with an additional hydraulic system. The device is ready to work in the mode of the drilling organ.

Claims (1)

 Device for rock destruction by separation from the array, including a hydraulic cylinder with a thrust piston and a rod with an end stop at the free end, a spacer piston and a tubular rod with a conical broadening at the free end, coaxially mounted on the thrust rod, an expanding collet covering the conical broadening of the tubular rod and connected to the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pump with a pressure line, a drain line, supply lines connected to the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic distributor that connects the pressure head and a drain line with supply lines, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality of the device by making it possible to drill holes in rocks, the device is equipped with a mechanism for turning the thrust rod when it is pulled into the hydraulic cylinder, an additional hydraulic pump with a pressure line, drain line and two supply lines, respectively connected with the hydraulic cylinder cavities above the thrust piston and between the pistons, an alternating communication distributor of additional supply l Nij additional pressure and return highways hydraulic this distributor communicating with the further pressure line, and mounted on the additional supply lines normally open tap with a spring-loaded control piston and the control cavity communicating with the main pressure line, wherein the end stop is designed as a drill bit.

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