RU2079575C1 - Apparatus for production of washing and disinfection solution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical processes used for electrochemical treatment of water with aim of its purification and adjustment of acidic-alkaline, oxidizing-reducing properties and catalytic activity. SUBSTANCE: aim is to decrease power consumption, to expand functional capabilities of apparatus due to increase of intervals of anolyte and catholyte conversion with simultaneous decrease of salt usage. Apparatus for production of washing and disinfection solutions by electrolysis of sodium chloride water solution has at least one electrochemical cell, that is made of coaxial cylindrical and rod-type electrodes mounted in dielectric bushings; coaxial ceramic ultrafiltrating diaphragm mounted in bushings between electrodes and separating interelectrode space for electrode chambers; canals for treated solution delivery in electrode chambers and its removal, that are located in lower and upper bushings correspondingly; power source, positive and negative poles of which are connected with electrodes. Mixer connected with compressor for air feeding is mounted in water on line of water delivery after mechanism for sodium chloride dosing. Besides, means for treated solution delivery and removal are made as collectors and have means for parallel connection of two and more cells. EFFECT: decreased power consumption, expanded functional capabilities of apparatus. 2 cl, 1 dwg , 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to chemical technology, in particular to devices for electrochemical treatment of water with the aim of purifying and regulating acid-base, redox properties and catalytic activity, and can be used to obtain detergents and disinfectants.

 In applied electrochemistry, electrolyzers of various designs are used that provide water treatment or the production of washing and disinfecting solutions.

 A device for the separate production of water treated in the cathode and anode chambers of catholyte and anolyte from salted water, respectively used as a washing and disinfecting solutions in medicine / 1 /. The device includes a diaphragm flow-through electrolyzer with flat electrodes and a power supply unit combined with a control unit. A disadvantage of the known solution is the unsatisfactory hydrodynamics, the mixing of the products of the anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions when using a large flow diaphragm, as well as the high cost of manual labor when assembling and repairing a cell with flat electrodes.

 A device for water electrolysis / 2 /, which consists of a cylindrical electrolyzer with coaxially located in the dielectric bushings electrodes and a diaphragm between them, dividing the internal space into the cathode and anode chamber. Each chamber has a separate entrance to the lower and a separate exit in the upper bushings of the electrolyzer, communicating with the inlet and outlet hydraulic lines for the flow of water under pressure. The device includes a direct current source connected to the electrodes of the electrolyzer through a switching unit, which makes it possible to change the polarity of the electrodes to eliminate cathode deposits with the simultaneous switching of hydraulic lines, ensuring a constant flow of solutions from the anode and cathode chamber without mixing. It is noted that during the operation of this device, it is possible to obtain electrochemically treated water with bactericidal properties.

 The disadvantages of the known solutions are large energy losses during water treatment, especially when treating water with time-varying mineralization. The wider the range of possible changes in water mineralization, the higher should be the electric power of the used DC source.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for electrochemical water treatment / 3 /.

 The device comprises at least one electrochemical cell made of vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes installed in dielectric bushings, an ultrafiltration diaphragm made of zirconium oxide ceramic, coaxially mounted in the bushings between the electrodes. The geometric dimensions of the cell satisfy certain relationships.

 The cells are specially fixed in the lower and upper collectors of dielectric material with inlet and outlet channels to the chambers, and the cells installed in the collectors are connected in parallel hydraulically and in parallel or in series-parallel electrically.

 The electrodes of the cell are connected to the poles of the current source so that the cylindrical electrode is the anode, and the rod electrode is the cathode, the source of the treated water, to which the electrode chambers are connected in parallel, the flow regulators installed on the water supply lines to the electrode chambers and on the water drainage line from the anode cameras. The device also contains a water-jet pump for dispensing the reagent coming from the tank, installed on the water supply line, the tank with the catalyst, hydraulic piping and a current source connected through the switching node with the electrodes. The solution treated in the anode chamber has bactericidal properties, and the solution processed in the cathode chamber has detergent properties.

 However, the process of water treatment in this device is associated with a relatively large energy consumption.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce energy consumption, expand the functionality of the device by increasing the intervals for changing the properties of anolyte and catholyte, while reducing salt consumption.

 This goal is achieved in that a device for producing washing and disinfecting solutions by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, containing at least one electrochemical cell made of vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes installed in dielectric bushings, a coaxial ceramic ultrafiltration diaphragm installed in bushings between the electrodes and dividing the interelectrode space into the electrode chambers, and in the lower and upper bushings respectively, channels for supplying and discharging the treated solution to the electrode chambers, devices for supplying and discharging the treated solution, connected respectively to the lower and upper bushings, a water supply line with a device for dispensing sodium chloride into water connected to the device for supplying the processed solution into the electrode chambers, the current source, the positive and negative poles of which are connected to the electrodes through the switching unit and on the water supply line after method for dispensing a reagent, a mixer is installed, connected to a compressor for supplying air. In addition, devices for supplying and discharging the treated solution are made in the form of collectors and equipped with means for parallel connection of two or more cells.

 In applied electrochemistry, it is known to use compressed air supplied to the interelectrode space in the process of water purification, in particular in a method for treating wastewater from organic impurities (4).

 The method consists in the fact that when treating wastewater from organic impurities, compressed air is fed into the space between the electrodes, filled with solid charge in the form of granular aluminum foil, in the process of cleaning.

 However, in the known solution, air is supplied to the interelectrode space for pseudo-oxidation of the backfill, in addition, the known solution indicates that the cleaning occurs due to the formation of electric arc discharges between the aluminum foil particles, which suggests that the air flow should be quite large, and its main the part passes through the interelectrode space in the form of bubbles to increase the resistance and provide conditions for the occurrence of electric discharges.

 In the proposed device, the air flow is small, the volumetric ratio of air-solution is (1-3): 1 and provides for its dissolution in the treated water with a slight excess. The combination of a compressor and a mixer provides effective dissolution and microbubble formation due to excess air, which leads to a change in the properties of the treated solution. To achieve the same pH values and redox potential, you can use a salt solution (sodium chloride) of a lower concentration, but saturated with air. It also reduces the energy consumption for obtaining solutions with the same characteristics.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed device.

 A device for producing washing and disinfecting solutions (Fig. 1) contains an electrochemical cell 1, which can be used as an electrochemical cell described in the prototype application PCT WO 93/20014, the vertical coaxial electrodes (anode and cathode) of which are connected to the poles of the current source (not shown in the drawing). A ceramic diaphragm mounted coaxially between the electrodes divides the interelectrode space into the anode and cathode electrode chambers. The electrode chambers are connected in parallel with the input line 2 of the solution to be treated, into which, after the metering device for the reagent 3, connected to the water supply line 4 and the salt solution supply line 5, a mixer 6 is connected to the compressor 7 for supplying air.

 The device operates as follows. The initial processed solution containing water and a solution of sodium chloride in the required proportions enters the anode and cathode chambers of the electrochemical cell 1. The amount of sodium chloride in water is determined by the conditions of the problem being solved. The current source is turned on. When this is done through the compressor 7 and the mixer 6, the saturation of the treated solution with compressed air. When the solution enters the electrode chambers, chemical processes occur both on the electrodes and in the volume of the solution, which allows washing and disinfecting solutions to be obtained.

 Due to the saturation of the treated solution with air, the functionality of the device expands, since the range of changes in the characteristics of the solutions expands.

 In this case, the resulting catholyte has an increased washing ability, and the anolyte's corrosion activity decreases.

 Salt consumption (saline solution) is reduced while maintaining high biocidality of the resulting solutions.

 The invention is illustrated by the following example.

 Example. For water treatment, the device schematically represented in FIG. 1. The device contains an electrochemical cell, similar to that described in PCT application WO 93/20014, with titanium electrodes with platinum or platinum-irridium coatings and a zirconia-based ceramic ultrafiltration diaphragm containing aluminum oxide and yttrium. The installation also contains a dispenser made in the form of a water-jet pump, a compressor for supplying compressed air to the mixer.

 The treated water, having passed a mechanical filter, is saturated with sodium chloride to a concentration of 2 g / l and fed into the mixer with compressed air, and the ratio of water and air flow is 1: 1 l / l. Further, the water enters the cell’s electrode chambers, where it is processed at a power consumption of 1.8 kWh / l. The data characterizing the processed solution are presented in the table.

 The data obtained show that, at the same energy consumption, the treated solutions have improved characteristics, in particular pH and ORP, in addition, they have increased bactericidal activity and washing ability, as well as reduced corrosion activity.

Claims (2)

 1. A device for producing washing and disinfecting solutions by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, containing at least one electrochemical cell made of vertical coaxial cylindrical and rod electrodes installed in dielectric bushings, a coaxial ceramic ultrafiltration diaphragm installed in the bushings between the electrodes and separating the interelectrode space on the electrode chambers, and in the lower and upper bushings respectively made channels for supply a and the discharge of the treated solution into the electrode chambers, devices for supplying and discharging the processed solution, connected respectively to the lower and upper bushings, a water supply line with a device for dispensing sodium chloride into water mounted on it, connected to a device for supplying the processed solution to the electrode chambers , a current source, the positive and negative poles of which are connected to the electrodes through a switching unit, characterized in that on the water supply line after the device for ozirovaniya sodium chloride mounted mixer coupled to the compressor for supplying air.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for supplying and removing the treated solution are made in the form of collectors and are equipped with means for parallel connection of two or more cells.

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