RU2070788C1 - Sound potato planting material growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: method involves planting test-tube regenerated plants in a hothouse in late June. Tubers of the first generation are planted in a hothouse without a cover during the first ten days of March, and the hothouse is covered with film as the sprouts are 15-20 cm in height. EFFECT: improved growing conditions; higher quality of planting material.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for producing healthy seed material of potatoes in the southern regions of Russia.

 A known method of producing tubers of the first generation, including the propagation of seedlings in film rolls and growing them in open ground (Potatoes and vegetables, 1990, N 2).

 However, this method in the conditions of the south of Russia does not provide an output of sufficiently healthy seed material due to the high day temperature and the density of population by virus insect carriers.

 A known method of growing seedlings in summer film greenhouses, including treatment with retardants / 1% r-rum camposan / to reduce the growth of tops and stimulate tuberization at high daytime temperatures, as well as growing in winter greenhouses in the autumn-winter and winter-spring periods (Virus-free seed production of potatoes. M. Agropromizdat, 1990).

 However, the use of retardants for normal tuberization is limited by the high cost and inaccessibility of the reagents. The cultivation of potatoes in winter greenhouses is associated with additional material costs.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of tubers, improve their quality, reduce costs and increase the intensity of use of the greenhouse area.

 The method is as follows.

 After checking the initial test tube regenerated plants by ELISA for latent viral infection, healthy plants are cut to the required volumes and planted in film rolls for growing.

 Prepared seedlings are planted in a greenhouse at the end of June according to a 40 x 20 cm pattern.

Such a late date for planting seedlings in summer greenhouses allows us to shift their development by a shortened photoperiod of 10-11 hours in July-August, and the period of tuberization to coincide with the second half of August, when night temperatures in foothill conditions are 12-17 ^o . Lower night temperatures and a shorter day stimulate active tuberization. During the growing season, they carry out all the necessary work to care for plants / watering, cultivating, hilling, protective measures against pests and diseases /. In accordance with the methodology, in the phase of the end of budding-the beginning of flowering, a 2-3-fold visual cleaning and testing of 5-10 plants for latent viral infection by ELISA is carried out. They dig up tubers in the second half of October with culling and selection for quality and yield. The collected seed material is stored.

In February, the preparation of tubers of the 1st tuber generation for early planting by any method known from the literature begins. The shoots are sprouted from the germinated tubers and checked for the presence of latent viral infection. Healthy tubers are calibrated and planted in the first decade of March, when daily average temperatures reach 8-11 ^o C, in an open greenhouse in the ridges prepared since autumn.

 When the seedlings reach a height of 15-20 cm / end of April-beginning of May / the top of the greenhouse is covered with a film, and the sides are covered with gauze. This protects the plants from secondary infection with a viral infection, as the first peak of summer of carriers of infection occurs at the end of the first-beginning of the second decade of May. A 3-fold visual cleaning is carried out and 3-5% of the plants are checked for the presence of a viral infection, as well as all the necessary care work.

 Tubers of the 11th generation are harvested in the second and third decades of June. Next, prepare and disinfect the soil for planting test plants of the future turnover.

 Early planting of 1st generation tubers reduces the likelihood of plant damage by pests and diseases, and subsequent coating of the greenhouse with a film protects the plants at a later date and accelerates the development of tops. Early planting also allows you to shift the period of tuberization to the beginning of summer before the onset of high daytime temperatures.

Covering the greenhouse with a film in a later period provides protection for plants obtained from micro-tubers planted in early spring and test-tube plants planted after harvesting tubers of the second year on this area without re-changing the film coating. The experiment was conducted on a greenhouse area of 450 m ² . From one turn, the yield of standard seed tubers weighing 25-80 g was 50-60 pieces per 1 m ² . From the second turn, the same number of mini-tubers with 1 m ^{2 was} obtained.

 This method is advisable to apply in the southern regions of Russia. It allows you to get a sufficient amount of improved source material of good quality potatoes from the greenhouse area without the additional cost of winter greenhouses or retardants when grown in summer greenhouses.

Claims (1)

 A method of growing healthy planting material of potatoes, including cultivating test tube regenerated plants in summer greenhouses to obtain tubers and subsequently obtaining seed potatoes from first-generation tubers, characterized in that regenerated plants are planted in a greenhouse at the end of June, and first-generation tubers are planted in a greenhouse uncoated in the first decade of March, and the greenhouse is covered with a film after reaching a seedling height of 15 to 20 cm