RU2069950C1 - Method of prophylaxis of technological stress in young cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle breeding. SUBSTANCE: method involves feeding antioxidant ionol (dose is 10-50 mg/kg living body mass per 24 hr) to animals for 5 days before and after stress during growing and fattening and for 5 days before animal slaughtering. The most effective (optimal) dose of ionol is 30 mg/kg living body mass per 24 hr. Ionol is given in mixture with concentrate and hay. EFFECT: improved method of prophylaxis.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to livestock, and can be used to reduce the loss of meat products in young cattle due to technological stresses during rearing, fattening and sale (transportation and slaughter aging in a meat factory).

 It is known that for the prevention of, for example, transport stress, in order to reduce the loss of live and slaughter mass of cattle, various pharmacological agents (tranquilizers, adaptogens) are used. Most often, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration to animals is used before sending the aminazine tranquilizer at the rate of 0.5 to 2.0 mg / kg live weight before sending it for slaughter, which makes it possible to partially reduce the loss of both live and slaughter weight (1). However, despite the positive effect, the use of tranquilizers and antipsychotics in animals has a number of significant drawbacks: the duration of their action (the maximum effect is observed at 2 3 hours after injection, and then its effect decreases sharply); high price; injections of these drugs cause infiltrates at the injection site (additional loss of meat products), and most importantly, these substances or their decomposition products accumulate in animals and have a negative effect on human health.

 The closest technical solution, chosen as a prototype, is a method of preventing transport stress, in which slaughtered animals are fed with antioxidant Diludine in a dose of 2.5 to 8.0 g (6.25 - 6,2 days) before being transported to a meat processing plant. 20.0 mg / kg) per head per day (2). The disadvantage of the drug is its high cost, difficulty in acquiring (manufacturer in the Republic of Latvia).

 All drugs used are mainly used for transport stress. However, other elements of the technological cycle of beef production, such as periods of growing, fattening and selling of young cattle, are equally important for studying stress factors and ways to eliminate them.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a method has been developed for the prevention of technological stresses during the periods of growing, fattening and selling young cattle, which consists in using ionol as an anti-stress agent, which is administered with food for 5 days before and after such technological stresses such as: the formation of animal groups, weighing, veterinary processing, caudotomy, changing the phases of feeding, transfer from premises of the I period to the premises of the II period of rearing; within 5 days before transporting animals to meat processing plants in doses of 10 to 50 mg / kg of live weight per day.

 The drug ionol is a well-known antioxidant, produced at the Sterlitamak pilot plant of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

In agriculture, ionol is used to:
feed stabilization during harvesting (grass and fish meal, animal feed, fats, etc.) (3),
stabilization of unsaturated substances in the animal organism under conditions of direct feeding of antioxidants with food (4).

 In the proposed purpose, i.e. as a means of reducing psychological stress caused by various technological operations (formation, weighing, caudotomy, veterinary processing, changing the phases of feeding, moving from the premises of the first period to the premises of the second growing period, transportation, etc.) this drug is used for the first time, which has become possible after establishing its effective effect on the behavioral reactions of animals, clinical and physiological parameters, reducing live weight loss under technological stresses, and improving (maintaining) quality meat indicators.

 Examples of specific performance.

 The test of the drug ionol in order to identify its anti-stress effect under technological stresses of beef production was carried out on bulls of 20 25 daily age of Bestuzhev breed in the industrial complex of the state farm named after 60th anniversary of the USSR of the Ufa region of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

 Example 1

 For the experiment, 120 heads of Bestuzhev breed gobies were selected according to the analogue principle, of which 6 groups of 20 goals each were formed. The average live weight of gobies when tested was 61.8 kg, and accounting (5 goals in each group) 59.0 kg. The technology for feeding and keeping experimental gobies was typical for fattening enterprises.

 The difference between the studied groups of gobies was that the experimental groups of gobies were fed antioxidant ionol at the rate of 10 mg / kg live weight to the gobies of the first experimental group, 5 days before and after carrying out such a technological operation as caudotomy (tail amputation) mg / kg second; 30 mg / kg of the third, 40 mg / kg of the fourth and 50 mg / kg of live weight of the young of the fifth experimental group. The control group of gobies did not receive the drug.

 The results of the experiment on the effect of various doses of ionol on reducing production losses are presented in table 1.

 The exposure of the drug was taken on the basis of the available data in the literature on the 5-day duration of the stress state in animals after the termination of the stress factor (G.I. Belkov, 1977; O.A. Lyapin, 1985; N.A. Kobzev et al. 1986 ; V.I. Levakhin, E.S. Belomyttsev, 1987; O.A. Lyapin, N.A. Kobzev, 1987; V.M. Fuks, 1990; F.M. Sizov, 1991; A.V. Salo , 1992; V.D. Bashirov, 1993; M.Z. Ibragimov, 1993).

 An analysis of the data presented in table 1 shows that after a day the live weight in control bulls decreased by 2.6 kg (4.37%), I experimental 1.8 (3.02), II 1.4 (2.35 %), III 1.2 (2.02), IV 1.6 (2.59) and in the experimental V - 2.0 kg (3.37%). The use of ionol antioxidant allowed to reduce the loss of live weight in gobies of the experimental group I compared with the control 0.8 kg (1.35%), II 1.2 (2.02), III 1.6 (2.35%), IV 1.0 (1.68) and in the V experimental group 0.6 (1.0%). Therefore, the use of ionol in all studied doses gave a positive effect, however, the use of ionol in doses of 30 mg / kg body weight was more effective.

 A month after the caudotomy, control bulls that did not receive ionol reached a live weight of 77.4 kg, while their peers from the experimental groups exceeded them by 3.6 kg by this indicator (P> 0.05); 5.4 (p <0.05); 6.4 (p <0.05); 4.6 (p <0.05) and 2.2 kg (p> 0.05). Feeding ionol bulls for 5 days before and after caudotomy allowed to reduce the loss of both absolute and average daily growth compared to control analogues, respectively, by 3.0 kg (14.42%) p <0.05; 4.4 (21.15) p <0.02; 5.2 (25.00) p <0.02; 3.8 (18.27) p <0.05; 1.8 kg (8.65%) p> 0.05 and 113.5 g (16.69%) p <0.05; 160.0 (23.53) p <0.02; 186.7 (27.46) p <0.01; 140.0 (20.59) p ≅ 0.01; 73.3 g (10.78%) p> 0.05.

 In animals treated with ionol under the influence of a stress factor, the clinical and hematological parameters were less changed than in the control peers. The use of ionol during stress significantly increased the humoral factors that protect the body from the negative effects of stress. So, the bactericidal activity of blood serum both before and after caudotomy was higher in young experimental groups by 9.2 13.6% compared with the control. Experienced bulls tolerated stress more easily. They moved less and spent more time on vital processes, feed behavior and rest.

 To confirm the data obtained in physiological experience (example 1), a scientific and economic experiment was conducted (example 2).

 Example 2

 Scientific and economic experience in studying the anti-stress effect of various doses of the ionol antioxidant was also carried out in the industrial complex of the state farm named after The 60th anniversary of the USSR of the Republic of Bashkortostan on 80 bulls of the Bestuzhev breed, divided by analogy into 4 groups. The difference was that the bulls of I, II, III experimental groups with the main diet additionally for 5 days before and after such technological stresses as the formation of animal groups, weighing, caudotomy veterinary processing, change of feeding phases, transfer from the premises of the I period to the premises II period, as well as within 5 days before transporting the calves to the meat processing plant, they received 20, 30 and 40 mg / kg live weight of the antioxidant ionol, which showed the greatest anti-stress effect in these doses in the previous (physiological) experiment. The control group of gobies did not receive the drug.

 As the weighing results showed, with the same level of feeding and conditions of keeping, the dynamics of live weight and growth in the studied groups of young animals was different (Table 2).

 From the data of table 2 it can be seen that if the live weight of the calves during the test was 58.8 59.0 kg (P> 0.05), then at the end of the first growing period (4.5 months) the difference in live weight between the control and experimental gobies were respectively 8.0 kg (P <0.05), 13.2 (P <0.01) and 6.6 kg (P <0.05).

 In the middle of the II growing period (9.5 months), control bulls were inferior to experimental 19.1 kg (P <0.02), 31.7 (P <0.01) and 14.7 kg (P <0.05) )

 At 14.5 months. (at the end of cultivation), the control bulls reached a live weight of 429.8 kg, which is 28.8 kg (6.70%) P <compared to the analogs that received ionol at a dose of 20 mg / kg (I experimental group) during stress periods 0.02, at a dose of 30 mg / kg (experimental II) 42.6 (9.91) P <0.01 and at a dose of 40 mg / kg (experimental group III) 19.1 kg (4.44%) P <0.05.

 Of the experimental groups of gobies, bulls that received ionol at a dose of 30 mg / kg were characterized by the maximum live weight in all age periods. So, at 14.5 months they exceeded their peers from groups I and III in terms of live weight by 13.8 kg (P> 0.05) and 23.5 kg (P <0.05), respectively.

 During the growing and fattening period, control bulls increased their live weight by 7.3 times, I experimental 7.8 and II 8.0 and III experimental group 7.6 times. Consequently, bulls receiving ionol during stress periods were characterized by a more intense growth rate.

 On the whole, over the entire period of growing and fattening, the bulls of the experimental groups and especially the II group had the largest absolute increase in live weight, in which it amounted to 413.4 kg, which is 42.5 kg more than in the young growth of the control group (P <0.01) , I experimental 13.6 (P> 0.05) and III experimental 23.4 (P <0.05). The young animals of the control group were inferior in absolute increase in live weight to analogues from the I and III experimental groups by 28.9 kg (P <0.05) and 19.1 kg (P <0.05), respectively.

 As for the dynamics of the average daily growths of experimental gobies, it should be noted their relatively high indices for all the studied groups when grown in an industrial complex. In the animals of the control group, for almost the entire experiment, the daily average growth did not decrease below 850 g. The exception was only a period of 0.5 to 4.5 months. when the average daily gain was 837 g, which can be explained by a large number of stresses in the first growing period. In general, over the period of the experiment, the average daily increase in them was 878.9 g, which is 68.5 g (P <0.05), 100.7 (P <0.01, respectively, less than in the gobies of the I, II, and III experimental groups ) and 45.3 (P <0.05). The highest average daily gain during the period of growing and fattening was characterized by gobies of the II experimental group, which exceeded the indicators of analogues from I and II groups by 32.2 g (P> 0.05) and 55.4 g (P <0.05), respectively.

 A more clear idea of the effect of the use of ionol under technological stresses is provided by data on the reduction in the loss of growth of experimental bulls in the I and II periods of rearing and in general for the rearing and fattening cycle (Table 3).

 The data presented in table 3 show that of the experimental groups, the bulls of the second experimental group were characterized by the maximum reduction in both absolute and average daily growths during all periods of growing. So, the latter in terms of reducing the loss of absolute growth for the entire technological cycle of growing and fattening exceeded the analogues from groups I and III by 13.6 and 236.4 kg, respectively, and the average daily by 32.2 and 55.4 g. Expediency of using ionol in technological stress during the growing and fattening period is also proved by the fact that in order to achieve the same live weight as the bulls of the I, II and III experimental groups, the control young animals need to extend the period of growing and fattening by 33, 48 and 22 days, respectively. Feeding the calves for 5 days before transporting the ionol had a positive effect on reducing live weight loss (Table 4). So, the loss of live weight for transportation in control gobies was 23.4 kg (5.44%), while in young animals of the I, II and III experimental groups, they were 7.2 kg (1.9%) less, 8 , 0 (2.18) and 6.0 kg (1.56%). Therefore, giving the animals within 5 days before transporting the bulls of the antioxidant ionol made it possible to reduce live weight loss by an average of 7.1 kg (1.88%) (Table 4).

 At the same time, animals receiving ionol at a dose of 30 mg / kg live weight of 8.0 kg (2.18%) were characterized by the maximum reduction in live weight loss.

Analysis of the control slaughter data for gobies showed that the experimental young animals were also more preserved in the mass of carcasses (Table 5). If the mass of carcasses of control young animals was 218.6 kg, then in experimental animals it was higher by 26.6 kg (12.17%) P> 0.01, 39.8 (18.21%) P> 0.001 and 16, 0 kg (7.32%) P <0.01 of the experimental groups of young animals, carcasses of the II group, which received ionol at a dose of 30 mg / kg, were distinguished by greater safety of carcasses. (Table 5)
The latter exceeded their counterparts from groups I and III by 13.2 kg (5.38%), P <0.05, and 23.8 kg (10.14%), P <0.01. The control bulls were inferior to the experimental ones in the slaughter yield by 2.5% (P <0.01), 3.9 (P <0.001) and 1.14% (P <0.05).

 Differences between the studied groups of gobies were also established by the number of confiscated during carcass processing. Thus, fewer confiscations were removed from the carcasses of gobies from experimental groups and especially from group II. If in the latter the number of confiscated products was 3.9 kg, then in the gobies of the control, I and III experimental groups, 1.8 kg more (46.15%) P <0.01, 0.7 (17.95) P <0 , 05 and 1.0 kg (25.64) P <0.02.

 The carcasses of experimental gobies were characterized by large values of meatiness index and pulp yield per 100 kg of slaughter mass.

 Feeding young ionol as an anti-stress preparation improves the biological and energy value of meat, its technological and culinary qualities.

 An economic assessment of the use of ionol under technological stresses during the rearing, fattening and sale of young cattle has shown its high efficiency. Feeding ionol reduced the loss of meat products (meat) by 16.0 39.8 kg, generating additional profit and increasing the profitability of beef production.

 Thus, the essence of the proposed method for the prevention of technological stresses during the rearing, fattening and sale of young cattle lies in the ability of ionol to reduce the negative effects of stress and stabilize (normalize) the metabolism, which ensures a reduction in beef losses and also maintain (increase) its high-quality indicators.

Claims (1)

 A method for the prevention of technological stress in young cattle, including the introduction of a pharmacological substance into the animal’s body, characterized in that ionol is used as a pharmacological substance, which is given with food for 5 days before and after stress during the periods of growing, fattening and for 5 days before transporting animals to a meat factory in doses of 10 to 50 mg / kg of live weight per day.

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