RU2062768C1 - Method of manufacture of clay-brick - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of building materials, manufacture of brick from ceramic slips, for example, clay. SUBSTANCE: the method of manufacture of brick comprises operations in extraction of clay from open-pit, moulding of green brick blanks from clay slip and its thermal treatment. Moulding of green brick blanks from clay slip is accomplished by cutting of blanks from clay slip in its natural state by means of mutually perpendicular jets supplied from the nozzle of the hydraulic giant. When fluid is fed from the hydraulic giant, the jet from the horizontal nozzle cuts off a seam of clay in thickness of the green brick blank; the vertical jet accomplishes a longitudinal cutting into bars, and the jet from the hinged nozzle cuts the bar into blanks. EFFECT: facilitated procedure. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction technology, in particular, to the manufacture of clay bricks.

 A known method for the production of clay brick, which consists in feeding the clay mass to the coarse rollers, mixing it in a mixer with the addition of water, feeding the mixed mass through a feeder with a hopper into a belt press, molding raw billets, feeding them to a chamber dryer and for heat treatment in a ring furnace with a removable arch (see. Handbook of a master in the production of wall ceramics. Publishing house "Budivelnik", Kiev, 1990. 58-82).

 A known method of manufacturing clay brick, including the supply of clay mass, molding raw billets from it and their heat treatment in the furnace (see the book by K.V. Chaus and others. "Technology of production of building materials, products and structures", M. Stroyizdat, 1988 p. 301-312).

 The disadvantage of this method is the mixing of clay with water supplied from the quarry in the mixer, and then subjected to drying in chamber or conveyor dryers.

 The technical result is to ensure the supply of raw billets directly from the quarry, bypassing the processes of mixing, molding, in tunnel or ring furnaces for heat treatment to obtain the finished product.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the manufacture of clay brick, including the supply of clay mass, molding of raw billets from it and their heat treatment in an oven, the molding of raw billets is carried out by cutting from the clay mass by means of mutually perpendicular high-pressure liquid jets.

 The advantage of this method is that there is no need for clay reservoirs, box feeders, rollers, runners, mixers, presses and cutting machines, since blanks are formed directly in the quarry.

 The energy consumption for the proposed method is less than that of an excavator that extracts clay mass in a quarry.

 The following is an example of the proposed method in a schematic form.

 The attached diagram shows the process of forming blanks in a quarry from a natural clay mass. The arrows indicate the directions of the jets supplied from the nozzles of the monitor. Pos. 1 indicates the direction of the jet from the movable nozzle, Pos. 2 the direction of the jet from the stationary vertical nozzle, Pos. 3 the direction of the jet from the stationary horizontal nozzle.

 When liquid is supplied through three mutually perpendicular jets, a jet from a horizontal nozzle “cuts” the clay layer along the thickness of the raw material billet, a vertical jet (jets) performs longitudinal cutting into bars, and a jet from a movable nozzle (nozzles) cuts the beam into blanks. Then the latter are loaded onto vehicles, for example, trolleys, and fed into a tunnel oven.

 The moisture content of clay in its natural state in the quarry is quite sufficient for burning raw material in a tunnel kiln. This eliminates the need for numerous bulky equipment for preparing the clay mass, mixing it with water, pressing and drying. Thus, the proposed method takes into account the natural humidity of the clay and does not reduce the quality of the final product.

 As an example of the use of a hydraulic monitor, the calculation of the energy costs of manufacturing raw billets directly in the quarry is given.

According to the reference book of V.G. Lyashenko "Equipment of enterprises of non-metallic materials", Kiev, "Harvest", 1991, p. 42-44, we select a hydraulic monitor, for example, GMN 250С. With a replaceable nozzle diameter d = 50 mm, the water pressure in front of the nozzle is 686 KPa, the jet velocity at the nozzle exit will be 35.2 m / s. The water productivity of the nozzle is 248 m ³ / min or 69 l / sec. We accept a D320-70 pump with the following characteristics: 38 l / s flow, 70 m head or KPa = 700 with an electric motor power of 4A250m2 160 kW. speed - 2950 rpm. To obtain a piece of raw clay brick from clay, for example, 2 simultaneously acting nozzles d = 3 mm are required, based on the similarity we have: at the nozzle d = 50 mm, cross-sectional area 1962.5 mm ² . The total area of pre-accepted 15 nozzles d = 3mm will be 15x7 = 105mm ² or 19 times smaller, therefore, the required power is 160: 19 = 8.42 kW.

 Taking a three-fold margin to increase the resistance in narrower nozzles, we get the required power of 25.3 kW. We accept the cutting speed of the clay layer 3.0 m / min, given that two nozzles act simultaneously on a length of 25 cm, and one nozzle cuts off the workpiece during the action of the other two. the productivity of 3 nozzles will be 12 pcs. bricks per minute or 5760 pcs. per shift with simultaneous work for the season 633600 pcs. With 15 nozzles - 3169000pcs.

 The indicated annual productivity corresponds to the productivity of most existing rural brick factories. By increasing the work shift to 2 shifts and without days off, you can bring the machine's productivity to 8640000pcs per season. Power consumption (25.3 kW) is 2 times lower than the capacity of an excavator in a quarry.

Claims (1)

 A method of manufacturing clay bricks, including feeding clay mass, molding raw billets from it and heat treatment them in a furnace, characterized in that the molding of raw billets is made by cutting from clay mass using mutually perpendicular high-pressure liquid jets.