RU206216U1 - Mini grain harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Utility model A machine based on a walk-behind tractor for harvesting grain crops on a single frame of mounted and trailed types, on which the operator's station and technological equipment are located, including, in particular, a stripping rotor of square section and a supporting vane wheel, which regulates the position of the rotor relative to the stripped stand. This arrangement allows to reduce the physical load on the operator (not on foot) and creates more comfortable working conditions during operation. And the rotor design provides air transport of the combed heap to the collection point (without a conveyor). In addition to harvesting grain from small sown areas, the machine can be used to collect the productive part of other plants, inflorescences, leaves of industrial crops and medicinal plants. Stripping of mono- or mixed crops can be produced at any plant moisture and for the needs of fodder production of small farms. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture.

Typical serially produced grain harvesting equipment is intended mainly for operation in large-scale agricultural enterprises. In connection with the economic transformations in the Russian Federation, the emergence of private estates and farms, it became necessary to develop and create small-sized equipment for harvesting agricultural plants from small sown areas. Objects of harvesting, in this case, are not only traditional cereal crops and paniculate crops, but also phytocultures (chamomile, St. John's wort, fireweed, etc.), which grow in shallow and rough terrain.

A unique long-term experience in the creation of mini-agricultural machinery has been accumulated in those countries whose economies were affected by market relations earlier and whose land plots in agriculture are small-scale. Known, in particular, numerous designs of harvesting tools: mini-combines, reapers, etc. [1] using the method of continuous cut.

But the working bodies of small-sized agricultural machinery, including harvesting equipment, must be adapted to local conditions and meet their intended purpose. Therefore, a simple copying of the design of already approved technical means, but in other conditions, is not always justified and effective.

The main points of the initial requirements, formed before the development of a small-sized cleaning device, were aimed at energy and material saving of the technical device and the adaptation of its working bodies to the zone harvesting conditions. The implementation of basic technical requirements is possible by eliminating the multifunctionality of the harvesting unit. The most versatile and the smallest harvester for a given range of agricultural crops is a stripper, the working bodies of which are more adapted to the above-mentioned harvesting conditions [2, 3].

The use of combing working bodies makes it possible to simplify the design of a technical device by eliminating traditional operations carried out by a classic harvesting unit.

The main power tool of small-sized, more precisely, tillage equipment, which is currently mass-produced, is a single-axle walk-behind tractor, a kind of mini-tractor. Therefore, this universal power tool in the development of a small-sized cleaning device can be taken as a basic structural element. In addition, walk-behind tractors are an order of magnitude cheaper than a mini-tractor.

To complete a small-sized cleaning tool, a single-axle walk-behind tractor of the MB-1D1 (2,3) M type can be adopted, the design of which allowed the connection and use of active attachments, as well as passive trailed devices.

The purpose of the utility model is to create a small-sized mini-harvesting machine of the combing type.

The goal is achieved due to the fact that at the beginning (in the direction of movement of the unit) a stripping rotor with a square section is located on a single frame, and then a vane wheel at the end of the frame. The drive wheels of the walk-behind tractor relative to the frame are located between the support vane wheel and the stripping rotor. By changing the adjustable position of the support vane wheel, the stripping zone is set (regulated) (the position of the rotor relative to the stripped stalk).

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the flow diagram shown in FIG. 1.

The design of a small-sized cleaning tool includes the following main assembly units: motoblock 12 with steering rods and controls 1; attachments with stripping rotor 14; a deflector 15 mounted on the body of the attachment, a rectangular material pipe 3 with a confuser - an adapter 5 and an exhaust point 4; a tow hitch with a support vane wheel 6 with a stripping height adjustment mechanism 17. On the frame of the tow hitch 8 are the operator's seat 7 and a flexible collecting container 10 for the stripped heap. To prevent the rotor combs 14 from touching the soil, a support shoe 13 is provided, mounted on the sidewall of the attachment. The drive of the working bodies is carried out from the belt drive of the pulley of the drive of the working bodies through the clutch of the walk-behind tractor (not shown in the diagram). The material pipeline in the longitudinal section is made in the form of a figured confuser 5, taking into account the convenience of the operator's observation of the cleaning process.

The stripper is mounted on the MB-1D1 (2,3) M walk-behind tractor, for example, as an attachment. The drive of the working bodies is carried out through a belt drive from an additional drive pulley of the walk-behind tractor (not shown in the diagram). In transport position, the unit length is 3060 mm. The process of harvesting wheat with a stripper is carried out as follows.

The movement of the unit causes the deflector 15 to work, bending the stalks 16 to such an extent that all ears are at the same height in height, leveling the tier of grain crops depending on their lodging.

The rotor of square section 14 with stripper combs rotates, creating an enhanced air flow at high speed, then air masses are sucked through the grain stall 16 under the deflector device 15.

Due to the suction flow and their own elasticity, the stems are pressed against the rotating rotor 14 after leaving from under the deflector 15.

The combs, as a result of the impact during the combing of the plants, are introduced into the grain stand 16. Under the action of the combs, the spikelets are cut off and thrown to the guiding surfaces of the confuser 5 through the adapter 2 to the collection point of the combed heap into the collecting container 10, and light impurities are directed through the air duct to the right in the direction of movement of the combing device ...

Thus, the device performs the following operations as the harvesting process is implemented: the deflector forms a layer of the productive part of the crop along the height of the stalk equal to the length of the combs, the actual combing, realized by the rotor, and obtaining a grain-sex-straw heap, interoperative transportation of the combed heap to the place of collection in collection container.

As shown by the laboratory-field test, the small-sized harvester stably performs the process of stripping the standing wheat stand in the speed range from 3.6 to 5 km / h with the grain moisture content of 15% and the non-grain part of the grain stand of 23%. This arrangement of the harvesting unit (a single frame of the mounted and trailed types, on which the technological equipment and the operator's station are located) allows to reduce the physical load on the operator (not on foot) and creates more comfortable working conditions during operation. And the design of the rotor provides air transport of the combed heap to the collection point (without a conveyor).

Such a mini-machine based on a walk-behind tractor can provide harvesting of the productive part of the crop by threshing cereals and panicle crops on the standing, as well as collecting and crushing the leafy part of medicinal herbs in small private estates or small farms. In addition to harvesting grain from small sown areas, the machine can be used to harvest the productive part of other plants, inflorescences, leaves of industrial crops and medicinal plants. Stripping of mono- or mixed crops can be produced at any plant moisture and for the needs of fodder production of small farms.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION:

1. Mini-harvester for grain harvesting - overview of models (see on the Internet)

2. Chemodanov S.I. Agrotechnological capabilities of combing working bodies // Actual agrosystems. - 2019. - No. 1-2. - S. 10-13.

3. Savin V.Yu. Determination of the composition of the combed heap when harvesting wheat using a trailed combing device // Bulletin of the Voronezh State Agrarian University. - 2016. - No. 4 (51). - S. 96-99.

Application

LIST OF AUTHORS WITH ADDRESSES

Geer Vladimir Albertovich 630501, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk district, b. Krasnoobsk, 33, apt. 44.

Chemodanov Sergey Ivanovich 630501, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk district, b. Krasnoobsk, 206, apt. 97.

Burlakov Yuri Vladimirovich 630501, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk district, b. p. Krasnoobsk, building 244, apt. 521.

Sabashkin Vladimir 630501, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk district, b. Krasnoobsk settlement, 49 sq. 21.

Savvateev Ivan Valerievich 630132, Novosibirsk-132, st. Narymskaya, 21, apt. 85

Borozdin Alexander Valerievich 630525, Novosibirsk region, s. Novosilovo, st. Stepnaya, 25

Chernykh Vladimir Ivanovich 630501, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk district, b. p. Krasnoobsk, d. 244, apt. 422

Nasyrov Arnold Nasybovich 630034, Novosibirsk-34, st. Odoevsky, 1/9, apt. 551

Claims (2)

1. A machine for harvesting grain crops based on a walk-behind tractor, containing on a single frame of mounted and trailed types, an operator's seat, located first a stripping rotor of square section and then at the end of the frame - a supporting vane wheel, which regulates the position of the rotor relative to the stripped stalk. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made on the basis of a walk-behind tractor of the MB-1 D1 (2,3) M type.

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