RU205466U1 - Window construction heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction. The technical result of the utility model, which consists in simplifying the design of the device while increasing the safe heating of the window structure by heating it with heated masses, is provided by a heating device for the window structure with glass fixed in the window frame, which contains a metal frame made of a U-shaped profile, made perforated and fixed on the frame of the window structure along its perimeter with an open profile opening in the direction from the window structure, a heating element fixed in the U-shaped cavity of the metal frame, connected to the source of its heating, as well as a metal plate made of a U-shaped profile, which is on top is put on a metal frame with a heating element located inside it and is removably fixed on this frame with the side walls of the cover located at a distance from the side walls of the metal frame. 9 p.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular, concerns the construction of heated windows or glazing, which are mounted in separate window frames.

The surface of the window is cold in central Russia, usually from November to March, when the air temperature outside is below zero, and the sun shines dimly and rarely appears. Due to the low temperature of the glass, heat flows out of the room, and the air around the window is cooled. In addition, normal air circulation is disrupted, since it sinks to the floor near the window. As a result, a person experiences discomfort, feeling a rather sharp drop in air temperature within the same room: it is much colder near the window than, say, in the middle of the room. It has been proven that almost forty percent of the heat leaves the room through the windows.

To avoid the formation of moisture, it is necessary to warm up the surface. The heating temperature must overcome the dew point and only in this case there will be no unpleasant manifestations. The reason for the release of moisture on the glass lies in two factors, the temperature difference in the room and on the surface of the glass, if the room is warm, and outside the window is freezing temperature, and during the day in the house the unstable temperature and its sharp drops lead to the appearance of streaks on the glass.

To eliminate this effect, water heating radiators are placed in window niches so that the air near the windows warms up and begins to move from floor to ceiling. To prevent moisture from accumulating on the glass, it is necessary to increase the circulation of air masses or to heat the glass. This problem is relatively successfully solved by placing the radiator grilles directly under the window. Warm air rises and warms up the temperature of the window surface.

But, firstly, each radiator takes up a certain useful area of the room, and secondly, the window sill should not be too wide so as not to interfere with the air blowing over the glass. Insufficient heating of the window with warm air leads to the formation of condensation on it, so that the temperature of the radiator has to be increased, and this will increase the energy consumption. Known solutions, when a radiator or heating element is built into the window sill (CN210598633), which makes it possible to exclude the use of floor space near the window or in the window niches.

Heated window protected from icing. The bags heat up and raise the temperature of the entire structure: glass panes, doors and platbands. This prevents snow adhesion and icing of the window surface.

Known devices for heating glazing in window structures based on the use of film heaters placed on the glazing (KR 20130094534, CN 212176970). With the ease of installation and the possibility of heating the glazing, there is a problem with the light transmission of this glazing. The main purpose of glazing is to transmit light flux with minimal loss of illumination. Film deposition leads to loss of optical transparency of glass

The transparency of glass is characterized by light transmission: t = Fpr / Fo. For window glass, t = 0.9, or 90%. In colored or tinted or film-coated transparent glass, selective transmission and absorption of colored rays of the spectrum, characterized by a particular wavelength, is observed. As a result, the feeling of natural light is lost. In addition, any polymer film under the influence of ultraviolet radiation quickly changes its original properties and loses its transparency. Therefore, the use of heated films on glass can be classified as temporary devices.

Another type of heaters for glazing of window structures are air injection devices, including warm (heated) air (CN 212225058, CN 210197693). Some of these devices are mounted on the upper crossbar of the window frame and contain a casing with an opening towards the glazing. A fan and a heating element are mounted in the casing, which allows to controllably heat the air flow generated by the fan, which is then redirected into the opening and through it to the glass surface. Other forced air devices are a set of pipes installed in front of the glazing through which heated air (from the operation of the fan) is supplied to the glass surface. Both examples of execution are laborious, cumbersome and complex in design. According to the first example, heated air is supplied from top to bottom along the surface of the glass, while the heated air, according to the laws of thermodynamics, tends to rise up. In the second example, the pipes overlap the glazing and allow the luminous flux to penetrate into the room.

One example of obtaining heated glass in a window structure is the use of an electric heating cable. For example, in RU 2454521, E06B 3/263, E06B 3/56, E06B 9/01, publ. 06/27/2012, a window structure is described, in which the heating of the frame-frame sash of the glass unit is carried out by an electric cable, for example, from a warm floor, placed inside the profile pipe of the frame of the glass unit. The temperature sensor and the relay maintain the required temperature of the interlayer space of the formed glass unit. As a result, the inner glass will have a positive temperature, the formation of ice and the effect of sweating is excluded. Inside the power double-glazed unit, in case of violation of the sealing or damage to the molecular granules of the sieve, poured into the tubes of the frame, the same effect is achieved, the formation of fog and drops is excluded. This is a new technical result that has no analogues, which allows you to do without heating batteries under window openings. With a large glazing area of the room and external subzero temperatures, it helps to avoid the occurrence of convection air currents inside the room in the form of wind.

This decision was taken as a prototype.

The use of an electric cable as a heating element for the formation of a near-cable heated air mass is a rather interesting solution, since it allows you to minimize the size of the device and fit it into the dimensions of the window frame pillars.

But the disadvantage of this design of the window construction heating device is that it is necessary to change the design of the frame (frame) in order to place a heated electrical cable inside it. This leads to the fact that such a device cannot be applied to widely used industrial window constructions. Such a heating design in terms of the placement of this cable requires a fundamentally new design of the window itself, which will require either a reduction in the glazing area, or a change in the standards of window openings in buildings under construction. In addition, placing an electrically heated cable in a closed volume of a window frame leads to the fact that when heated, heat is transferred to both the frame and the window glazing. And when the power is turned off due to the temperature difference outside the window and in the room, condensation forms in this closed volume, which, as indicated in this patent, is collected by sieve granules (silica gel) scattered in the frame cavity, which requires periodic replacement. And replacement is possible only when dismantling the window structure, which creates certain inconveniences, since such repair and restoration operations can only be performed by specialists who ensure the dismantling of the window structure and its subsequent placement in the window opening.

When the heating cable is placed in a closed position, heat transfer occurs through the walls of the window frame, but this heat released on the frame is not enough to heat the glazing. The edge (edge) part of the glass or glass unit is heated.

The present utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design of the device while increasing the safe heating of the window structure by heating it with heated air masses.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the device for heating the window structure, which is a glass fixed in the window frame, contains a metal frame made of a U-shaped profile, made perforated and fixed on the frame of the window structure along its perimeter with the location of the open profile opening in the direction from the window structure , a heating element fixed in a U-shaped cavity of a metal frame, connected to a source of its heating, as well as a metal plate made of a U-shaped profile, which is put on top of a metal frame with a heating element located inside it and is removably fixed on this frame with an arrangement side walls of the lining at a distance from the side walls of the metal frame.

The metal frame and cover plate can be made of stainless steel. The metal frame can be made of aluminum or an aluminum-containing alloy.

The heating element can be made in the form of a metal tube connected to the centralized water heating system through the crane device, or the heating element can be made in the form of a metal tube connected to the steam heating system through the crane device. The metal tube can be made of copper. Or the heating element can be designed as an electrically heated heating cable.

A filter element can be placed in the cavity of the metal frame, covering the heating element with a gap.

The heating element is made in the form of a metal tube connected to the centralized water heating system through the crane apparatus, and the device is equipped with an outdoor temperature sensor connected to the crane apparatus actuator. Or the heating element is made in the form of an electrically heated heating cable, and the device is equipped with an outdoor temperature sensor connected to the electrical unit for turning on the power of the electrically heated heating cable.

These features are essential and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the required technical result.

The present utility model is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the required technical result.

FIG. 1 is a general view of a window structure heating device, an assembled view with fastening to the window frame;

in fig. 2 - component units of the device;

in fig. 3 - a fragment of a metal frame of the device with a heated element;

in fig. 4 is the same as in FIG. 3, with a slip-on pad;

in fig. 5 - cross-section of the device, assembled structure;

in fig. 6 shows the placement of the filter element in the structure of the device;

in fig. 7 - an example of the implementation of the claimed heating device.

According to this utility model, a new design of a device for heating a window structure is considered, consisting of a window frame and glazing fixed in it in the form of glass or a block of glass (double-glazed window). A feature of the claimed device is that it is not an integral part of the window structure itself, but is considered as a device fixed to the window frame that allows heating the window structure as a whole.

In the general case, a heating device for a window structure, consisting of a window frame and glazing fixed in it, contains a metal frame made of a U-shaped profile, made perforated and fixed to the frame of the window structure along its perimeter with the location of the open profile opening in the direction from the window structure , a heating element fixed in the U-shaped cavity of the metal frame, connected to the source of its heating. On top of this frame, a metal plate is put on, made of a U-shaped profile, which is removably fixed to this frame with the side walls of the plate located at a distance from the side walls of the metal frame.

Below is a description of a specific implementation of the claimed utility model (Fig. 1-5).

In a specific example of execution, a heating device for a window structure (standard or standard design, that is, made of a window frame and glazing inserted into it - glass or glass unit), is made in the form of a separate device that is not an integral or standard part of the window structure, which is hung from the side of the room / is fixed to the window frame. This allows, by adjusting the overall dimensions of the heating device, to use it on almost any window structure, which has a window frame. At the same time, the design of the heating device does not depend on the type of glazing, the presence of opening sashes and the design of the window frame itself.

The only thing that structurally connects the heating device and the window structure is the presence of a free surface on the window frame around the glazing, which is used to fix the heating device on it.

The device is designed in such a way that when it is mounted on a window structure, the glazing area does not overlap.

The heating device of the window structure (Fig. 1 and 2) consists of a base, which is a metal frame 1 of a U-shaped profile, made perforated, at least along the side walls (as an option, the perforation can also be made along the shelf between the side walls) ... The metal frame is available in stainless steel or aluminum or aluminum alloy. The use of these materials is due to the rather high thermal conductivity / heat transfer of the material and the low degree of reaction to external conditions. In addition, these materials are long-term resistant to external influences and do not change their properties under the influence of moisture, temperature changes and under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

The metal frame 1 is made with elements of its fastening on the flat surface of the window frame around the glazing. This frame 1 is fixed on the frame of the window structure along the perimeter of the latter with the location of the open profile opening in the direction away from the window structure (Figs. 2 and 3). Frame 1 on the profile of the window frame can be fixed in any known and acceptable way. For example, by means of screws or self-tapping screws, if the window frame is made of plastic or wood, or using adhesive compositions (adhesives), if the window frame is made of metal. It is advisable to fix the metal frame through a wall that rests on the surface of the window frame. The specific implementation of the reception of fastening a metal frame on a window structure, as the most optimal option for a successful solution, is not considered within the framework of this application, since it does not apply to the essence of the declared flight of a stationary non-removable device, equally this device can be used as a temporary device on a window structure, which is mounted before the onset of a cold snap and dismantled when the ambient temperature outside the window rises. The type of fastening used depends on this.

The metal frame can be made in one piece in accordance with the dimensions of the seating surface and the dimensions of the window frame. In this case, the metal frame can be made of a general U-shaped profile, bent according to the dimensions of its landing surface on the window structure. Frame 1 can be made composite, that is, consisting of longitudinal (vertically oriented) and transverse (horizontally placed) sections of the U-shaped profile, which are mounted separately on the window frame. Frame 1 can be welded from separate sections of a metal profile.

Perforation 2 in the walls of the metal frame 1 (perforation means through holes in the walls of the profile of the frame 1) (Fig. 3) is used to ensure air exchange, that is, to transfer heated air from the cavity of the metal frame to the external environment and to avoid the formation of zones with a greenhouse effect. Since any heated air tends to rise upward, in the direction from the layers of cold air (located in the near-floor zone and in the under-sill zones), the presence of holes in the walls of the frame 1 ensures the natural circulation of the air mass in the room: moving the heated part of the air up and replacing it with the incoming from the near-floor zone of air with a lower temperature. The shape of the perforation holes, the number of such holes and the order of their location on the walls of the metal frame 1 are not essential for solving the problem of heating the window structure.

In the cavity of the U-shaped metal frame 1, elements 3 are provided (Fig. 5) for fixing the heating element 4, which is connected to the source of its heating. In this case, a metal tube can be used as a heating element (for example, a copper tube with high thermal conductivity and a long service life at burst pressures up to 50 MPa), forming a circuit, the cavity of which through the crane device 5 can be communicated with the centralized water heating system or with a steam heating system (Fig. 1 and 2). For this example of using a heating element in the form of a copper tube / pipe, taking into account the fact that heating / heating occurs in a living room and allows not only high thermal conductivity with tube diameters from 5-6 to 12 mm, but also high corrosion resistance, resistance to defrosting, temperature fluctuations in a wide temperature range, on the inner walls, even with prolonged use, no deposits form with a duration of an operating period of up to half a century or more.

For solid copper pipe with a diameter of 12 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm, the permissible operating pressure is 100 bar and the temperature is 250 ° C. And the maximum copper pipeline, on brazed fittings, can withstand loads over 500 atmospheres and temperatures up to 600 ° C. When the temperature drops, many materials become brittle. Copper is an exception in this case. With a drop in temperature, the ductility and strength of copper increase. This property of copper allows it not to be afraid of repeated freezing and thawing (1-3 times, depending on the hardness of the material). Even if an accident has occurred, the breakthrough occurs in one place, and not like steel pipelines throughout the body of the pipe. Therefore, the elimination of the accident is not difficult, while the steel system has to be replaced completely.

When using the claimed device as a fixture permanently fixed to the window structure, the heating pipe / tube is permanently connected to the heating system of the room through flexible supply lines and a crane device that has the function of overlapping the communication of the tube with the heating system. If the declared device is temporarily attached to the window structure. For example, for the winter period, it can communicate with the crane apparatus through a disconnected supply. The crane apparatus can be made adjustable to change the volume supplied to the tube of the hot agent from the heating system.

As an option, the heating element can be made in the form of an electrically heated heating cable from a series of cables used in the installation of underfloor heating. Taking this feature into account, the electrical unit for switching on / off and adjusting the temperature of the heating of the cable (temperature control function) can be used the one that is used in underfloor heating systems based on the use of electrically heated cables (see article "Cable for underfloor heating, how to choose, installation principles ", Author Konstantin Korepov, article posted on the website" TEPLOPROEKT "Guide to heating and water supply, on the Internet in on-line access at: https://www.tproekt.com/kabel-dla-teplogo-pola-kak -vybrat-principy-montaza, discovered 2019).

This embodiment is more suitable for a device temporarily installed on the frame of a window structure, since it excludes binding to the heating system equipment.

Regardless of the type of heating element used, elements 3 are provided in the metal frame for fixing this pipe / tube or cable in the cavity of the frame. These elements 3 not only fix, but also position the heating element relative to the walls of the metal frame 1, providing space for the passage of heated air along the cavity of the frame. These elements 3 can be made in different shapes. For example, clip clips (an example is shown in Fig. 5) or pipe holders, which are usually used to secure pipes by settling the pipe through elastic lugs, can be used. Also, the gripping tabs can be extruded or cut directly from the side walls of the metal frame. Or, an elastically deformable ring can be put on the tube, which is inserted together with the tube into the cavity of the frame 1 with an expansion into the side walls. Or, such a ring may have protrusions that, when the ring is installed together with the pipe into the cavity of the frame 1, fall into the perforation holes.

The device in the version of its application with a centralized heating system can be equipped with an outdoor temperature sensor 6 (Fig. 1), associated with the actuator of the crane apparatus. Also, when the heating element is made in the form of an electrically heated heating cable, the device can be equipped with an outdoor temperature sensor connected to the electrical unit for turning on the power of the electrically heated heating cable. In both cases, it becomes possible to regulate the heating of the window structure in direct proportion to the temperature outside the window.

After installing the heating element and connecting it to the source of its heating, the metal frame is closed from above with an overlay 7, which is made of a U-shaped metal profile. This patch is put on from above on a metal frame (Fig. 4) with a heating element located inside it and is removably fixed to this frame with the side walls of the patch located at a distance from the side walls of the metal frame (Fig. 5). The overlay is fixed on the frame 1 and positioned relative to the side walls of the frame 1 and in relation to the surface of the window frame 1 by, for example, elastically deformable tendrils / legs 8. In principle, any types of removable fastening are possible. The main thing is that the pad snapped into place on the metal frame 1 during landing, and during dismantling it could be removed without the use of a special tool. It is advisable to make such a pad from stainless steel approved for use in the domestic environment where a person is present.

A feature of the claimed heating device for the window structure is not direct heating due to the contact fit of the metal frame, but due to the formation of a heated mass of air, which, through the perforations in the frame 1 and through the gaps between the walls of the cover plate and the frame 1, enters the window area. In this regard, it is important to avoid excessive heating of the cover plate as a decorative cover for the frame 1. That is why it is suggested to use stainless steel for the cover plate. If simple carbon steels, with an increase in carbon content, provide heat transfer in a volume from 54 to 36 W / (m * K) with a change in the percentage of carbon in steel from 0.5 to 1.5%, then stainless steels contain chromium (10 % and more), which together with carbon form complex carbides, and therefore the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is low in comparison with other steels and ranges from 15 to 30 W / (m * K), depending on its composition. Therefore, during the operation of the heating element, the pad does not overheat to a state in which a hand burn is possible, as is the case when using aluminum or cast iron batteries. This ensures the safety of the application of the claimed device.

The pad can be made in one piece in accordance with the dimensions of the seating surface and the dimensions of the metal frame 1. In this case, the pad can be made of a common U-shaped profile bent according to the dimensions of the seating surface. The cover 7 can be made composite, that is, consisting of longitudinal (vertically oriented) and transverse (horizontally placed) sections of the U-shaped profile, which are mounted separately on the metal frame 1. The cover 7 can be welded from separate sections of the metal profile.

This utility model is industrially applicable. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is built on the principle of heating the window structure by air flows entering the window structure and its glazing by analogy with heating a room with batteries. That is, a thermal curtain is formed along the perimeter of the window structure, acting on the window frame, on the glazing, on the window sill area and on the window frame embedding area in the wall. At the same time, the structurally claimed device is simple to manufacture and can be used on all types of currently produced window structures, regardless of the width of the window frame and the presence of protruding parts of the sash hinges on it. The fact is that the process of forming heated air flows does not depend on the diameter of the heating element and the size of the metal frame. These parameters determine the heating rate and heat transfer efficiency in terms of its volume in the initial period of time after turning on the device. But then the heat transfer process goes into a full heating mode, in which there is no need to force the heating rate and therefore you can switch to a periodic heating mode or reduce the flow rate of the coolant.

Since the heating process takes place with the constant movement of heated air masses, no stagnation zones (greenhouse effect) are formed in the cavity of the perforated metal frame under the cover plate, in which condensate falls after the device is turned off. After turning off the device, the process of movement of heated air masses continues until the temperature of these masses is equalized to the temperature of the air in the room. It is due to the constant movement of air that the cavity of the frame 1 has time to dry. In this case, the cover acquires a surface temperature equal to the room temperature faster than the metal frame 1, due to its stainless steel construction and direct convention with the room air.

During convection (during the operation of the heating element), dust moves along with the air, which, due to its charge, settles on the heating element and on the walls of the metal frame. This is due to the positive charge of dust and static voltage on the surface of the heating element. As a result, the dust settles on the structure in the heating zone and, on the one hand, prevents full heat exchange, and on the other hand, it enters the heating process, which is perceived by the appearance of an unpleasant odor. To eliminate this phenomenon, it is possible to place a filter element 9, which will allow, if not completely, then partially, to limit the ingress of dust on the heating element (Fig. 6). Such a filter element can be made in the form of an air-permeable porous material, such as a roll filter material made of woven or non-woven material made of synthetic fibers, intended for coarse air purification (cleaning class G1, G2, G3, G4; captures particles larger than 10 μm). They are used in ventilation systems, in panel and cassette coarse filters, as first-stage filters in multi-stage filtration systems, as the main filter in a single-stage filtration system. Naturally, such a filter element requires periodic replacement during technological maintenance of the window construction heating device.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a window heating device using the example of a double-leaf window. In this embodiment, the coolant can be supplied from under the window with the inlet on one side of the window frame and with the outlet of this coolant on the other side of the window frame. Installation of a shut-off crane device 10 is possible on the coolant outlet line. And at the inlet of the coolant, a thermostatic valve 11 can be built into the heating element, the controls of which are output through the openings 12 made in the walls of the lining.

In principle, nothing limits the possibility of giving the window structure heating device the status of smart heating, that is, through the use of a computerized control unit 13 (with manual or remote control) from the remote control or the corresponding software application in the mobile phone / tablet, which will enable the user to turn on the settings. heating at a specified time and turn it off, maintain the heating temperature both according to the installation and in the mode depending on the ambient temperature outside the window, etc. When using such a control unit 13, the crane apparatus, the temperature sensor outside the window and the room temperature sensor, and the thermostatic valve 11 are performed with the function of communication with the control unit 13.

In fact, the claimed device can be considered as a heating system not only for the window structure, but also for the room as a whole, since air exchange takes place between the air in the room and the air coming from the device to the room by removing heated air from the device to the room and the intake of air from placement in the cavity of the metal frame of the device. With a long process of such heat exchange, the volume of the room itself is heated, in which at least one window with the declared device is located.

Claims (10)

1. A heating device for a window structure, which is a glass fixed in a window frame, characterized by the fact that it contains a metal frame made of a U-shaped profile, made perforated and fixed to the frame of the window structure along its perimeter with the location of the open profile opening in the direction from the window structure, a heating element fixed in a U-shaped cavity of a metal frame, connected to a source of its heating, as well as a metal plate made of a U-shaped profile, which is put on top of a metal frame with a heating element located inside it and is removably fixed to this frame with the side the walls of the lining at a distance from the side walls of the metal frame. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal frame and cover plate are made of stainless steel. 3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal frame is made of aluminum or an aluminum-containing alloy. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the heating element is made in the form of a metal tube, through the crane apparatus communicated with the centralized water heating system. 5. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the heating element is made in the form of a metal tube, through the crane apparatus communicated with the steam heating system. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element is made in the form of a copper tube 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element is made in the form of an electrically heated heating cable. 8. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the heating element is made in the form of a metal tube through the crane device communicated with the centralized heating system, and the device is equipped with an outdoor temperature sensor associated with the crane device actuator. 9. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the heating element is made in the form of an electrically heated heating cable, and the device is equipped with an outdoor temperature sensor connected to the electrical unit for powering the electrically heated heating cable. 10. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that a filter element is placed in the cavity of the metal frame, covering the heating element with a gap.

Images