RU2052962C1 - Method of red algae complex processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: algae were washed with water, milled up to particle size 100 mcm, not above, and water-soluble pigment is extracted with water at 4-25 C, pH = 7-8 at the ratio algae:water = (1-3):(1-8) for 1-2.5 hr at periodical stirring. Prepared dye supernatant is cleared, concentrated and stabilized. In order to decolorize water-insoluble pigments the solid algae residue is treated with pigment solution, washed, treated with monovalent metal hydroxide solution at 50-60 C, washed up to pH = 7-8 and agar extracted at 80-90 C for 15-30 min. Extract is cooled up to gel formation, gel is dehydrated and dried. Algae residue after agar extraction is treated with 0.5-0.8% hydrochloric acid solution, washed with water up to neutral reaction, pressed and dried and food addition is obtained. EFFECT: improved method of processing. 4 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the food industry and can be used for complex processing of algae to obtain dye, phycocolloid and additives to animal feed.

A method of obtaining the selective extraction of dyes from blue-green algae [1] consists in the fact that fresh or dried seaweed is treated at 15-45 ^{° C} for 15-60 minutes with an aqueous solution containing calcium ions in a concentration of 0,02-0, 2 ion / g. The concentration of calcium in the solution is maintained in an amount of 5-30 g per kilogram of algae by dry weight. Algal biomass is separated, then treated with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate with stirring at 15-45 ^{° C} for 3-4 h, and the amount of alkaline solution is 5-30 kg per kilogram of dry seaweed weight. The aqueous phase containing phycocyanin is separated from the algae. The pigment yield is 7-12 g / l of blue extract. Then the precipitate of algae is dried and treated with a mixture of organic solvents for 10-45 minutes, the liquid phase containing carotenoids, chlorophyll, lipids is separated. From the extraction liquid solution, the solvent is evaporated to obtain a brown lipid with a high lipid content. This product can be used as a dye of feed for animals, fish, birds.

 The disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be used to obtain dye from red algae.

Closest to the invention is a method of processing red algae anfelia to obtain agar [2] comprising the following operations: anfelia is soaked in a lime solution containing 1-2% calcium oxide to the mass of algae for 20-24 hours at a ratio of 1: 12-1: 15, the lime solution is drained, the algae is washed, and then boiled in a solution of lime 1-2% concentration seven times in a battery of three autoclaves on the principle of countercurrent. Broth is sent to settlers for 4 hours, then fed to separators and cooled to 60 ° ^C. The solution gelled, cut, washed. Jelly dehydrated, melted at 85-90 ^{° C,} separated, and concentrated to 2-2.5% concentration solution, dried at 160-170 ^{° C} and packaged.

 The disadvantage of this method is that during the processing of algae food coloring, the basis of which are phycobilin pigments, is destroyed. Wastewater requires treatment. The energy intensity of the process is high.

 The objective of the invention is the integrated processing of anfelia seaweed to obtain food coloring and food agar, as well as feed additives for livestock from waste.

 The essence of the method is as follows.

Fresh seaweed is washed with fresh water, ground to a particle size less than 100 microns and infusion is carried out by extraction with water pigment 4-25 ^C., pH 7.0-8.0 at a ratio of seaweed: water = 1: 3-1: 8, for 1-2.5 hours with periodic stirring. After the first extraction, the supernatant is drained and the algae is re-extracted under the same conditions. The supernatant of the two extractions was combined and filtered. The resulting dye solution is clarified, for example, by centrifugation, and concentrated, for example, by ultrafiltration. The dye concentrate is stabilized with a bacteriostatic agent, for example sugar or salicylic acid, and sterilized. To obtain the dye in the form of a powder, the concentrated solution is dried, for example, by freeze drying. The pigment yield is 6-13 g per 1 kg of fresh algae.

The solid residue algae obtained after separation of the pigment is treated with the aim of bleaching the water-insoluble pigment with sodium hypochlorite solution, washed, and then treated with a solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium at 50-60 ^{° C} and then washed to pH = 7-8.

Extraction was carried out with water at agar neutral reaction medium at 80-90 ^{° C} for 15-30 min. The resulting extract is filtered, cooled to jelly. The jelly is dehydrated either by freezing-thawing, or by pressing, then dried. The agar yield is 20-22%. The water-water residue II after extraction of the agar is treated with a 0.5-0.8% hydrochloric acid solution, washed with water until neutral, pressed and dried.

 The proposed method allows the processing of algae in a complex, with the receipt of three products: food coloring, food agar and feed additives for livestock.

PRI me R 1. 1 kg of freshly produced anfelia washed with fresh water at 12-18 ^about C, inspect and grind on a grinder to particles up to 50 microns in size.

The extraction of water soluble dyestuffs is carried out at 4 ^{° C} in sealed extractors algae water at a ratio of 1: 3, wherein the water above the surface of raw material forms a layer thickness of 0.5 cm at the extraction duration is 2 hours stirring, the multiplicity equal to 2. The extracts two. extracts are combined and filtered.

The solution of water-soluble coloring materials thus obtained, including phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, is clarified by centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 20 minutes. Next, the solution of the mixture of pigments is sent for ultrafiltration (membrane separation threshold of 20,000 by molecular weight) to obtain an ultrafiltrate of 1:10. The yield of the pigment mixture is 12 g. 5% salicylic acid is added to the resulting concentrate and ultrasonically sterilized at a frequency of 1000 kHz and an intensity of 8 V / cm ² for 30 minutes. To obtain the dye in dry form, the concentrate after sterilization is subjected to freeze drying to obtain a red-purple powder. It contains 4.8% of the area with 6.3% humidity.
Vodoraslevoy residue obtained after separation of water-soluble pigments, treated with a solution of sodium hypochlorite with active chlorine of 3 g / l for 40 minutes, washed with water and treated with 1% potassium hydroxide solution ^at 50 ° C for 30 minutes, then washed with water again until neutral.

Thereafter, extraction is carried out with water agar at ⁸⁰ ° C for 30 min. The resulting extract was filtered through nylon tissue and cooled to jelly.

Jelly was frozen for 24 hours at (-12 ^C) and thawed at room temperature. The dehydrated gel was partitioned pallet layer of 2 cm and dried at 65 ° ^C to constant weight. Agar yield is 20%
Jelly strength with the dry mass content of 0.85% agar 970 g of device Valenta, melting point -82 ^{° C,} gelling temperature 31.5 ^{° C,} 3.5 mass fraction of ash. There are no heavy metals in the product. Agar corresponds to GOST 16280-88 on food agar.

The water-sludge residue obtained after extracting the agar is processed into a livestock feed additive. For this purpose, it is treated with hot water ⁽⁸⁰ ° C), then treated with 0.5% hydrochloric acid solution, then washed with water until neutral and dried.

 PRI me R 2. 1 kg of anfelia are washed and ground to a particle size of 80 microns.

The extraction of a mixture of water-soluble pigments is carried out at 25 ^about C, pH = 8 and a ratio of algae water equal to 1: 8. The extraction time is 1 h, the multiplicity is 2. Next, the sum of the pigments is obtained as in Example 1. The yield is 8 g. The water-water residue is treated with a solution of sodium hypochlorite with a concentration of active chlorine of 7 g / l, then washed with water and treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide at 60 ^about C and again washed with water.

The extraction of agar is carried out at pH = 8, a temperature of 90 ^about C for 20 minutes Next, the agar is obtained as in example 1.

 The yield of agar is 20% and in terms of quality indicators agar corresponds to food agar.

 PRI me R 3. Freshly produced gracillaria in the amount of 1 kg are washed and crushed to a particle size of 80 microns.

The extraction of a mixture of water-soluble pigments is carried out at 15 ^about C, pH = 7 and a ratio of algae water equal to 1: 5. Extraction is carried out for 1 hour twice. The resulting pigment solution is first centrifuged, then sent for ultrafiltration to obtain an ultrafiltrate, which is then stabilized and sterilized.

 The water-sludge residue is treated as in Example 1 to obtain agar with a yield of 18-20%. According to qualitative indicators, agar corresponds to food agar GOST 16280-88.

 The water-sludge residue obtained after agar extraction, as in Example 1, is processed into a livestock feed additive.

Claims (4)

1. METHOD FOR INTEGRATED RED ALGAE PROCESSING by pre-extraction of algae, extraction to obtain agar, purification of the extract, gelation and drying of agar, characterized in that fresh algae are used for processing, pre-extraction is carried out by grinding the algae to particles no more than 100 microns, before extraction carry out the allocation of a mixture of water-soluble coloring matter by at least twice treating the algae with water, insisting at a temperature of 4 - 25 ^o C, pH 7 - 8 and at a ratio algae: water 1: 3 -1: 8, followed by separation of the dye from the algae residue, from which water-insoluble coloring matter is removed, and the obtained algae residue is subjected to extraction, for which it is treated with water at a temperature of 80 - 90 ^o С and pH 7 - 8 within 15 to 30 minutes, and after receiving the agar, the algal residue is sent to obtain a feed additive. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extract of the mixture of water-soluble coloring matter is clarified by centrifugation, concentrated by ultrafiltration and dried or stabilized by the introduction of 5-10% citric or salicylic acid, or 5-15% sugar, or 10-15 % sodium chloride, or sterilized by ultrasound with a frequency of 600 - 1000 kHz, an intensity of 4 - 8 W / cm ² and sealed. 3. The method according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that the removal of water-insoluble coloring matter is carried out by treating the water-residue with sodium hypochlorite with a concentration of active chlorine of 3-7 g / l, washing with water, treating with a solution of a monovalent metal hydroxide at 50-60 ^o C subsequent washing with water to pH 7 - 8.  4. The method according to PP.1 to 3, characterized in that the water-residue after agar is treated with a 0.5 - 0.8% hydrochloric acid solution, washed with water until neutral, pressed and dried to obtain a feed additive.