RU2033860C1 - Liquid-cleaning centrifuge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning of liquids. SUBSTANCE: centrifuge comprises cylindrical casing 1 divided by supporting partition 10 into two compartments. One compartment accommodates rotor with column 7 installed on hollow half-axles 4 and 5 while the other compartment accommodates accelerating chamber of hydraulic drive. Accelerating chamber 8 has collector 19 for deposits of mechanical impurities, is provided with mechanical rotation drive 14 and is divided by disc 15 into two sections intercommunicating along periphery through a circular slot. Installed radially in one section of accelerating chamber are vertical blades 18 for uniform distribution and acceleration of liquid discharged to the chamber periphery. The second section of the chamber is hollow and accommodates the lower part of blade turbine 9 of centrifuge hydraulic drive. EFFECT: improved design. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to centrifuges designed to purify a liquid, for example, oil in internal combustion engines, in centralized lubrication systems of the break-in workshops, in regeneration plants; working fluids in hydraulic systems of machines; fuel, etc.

 Known, for example, a centrifuge with a hydraulic actuator [1] including a hydrodynamic transmission, in the casing of which pump and turbine wheels with blades are installed on parallel shafts. In such a drive, to increase its energy intensity, an additional wheel is installed in the transmission housing, which is equipped with an individual drive. Such a centrifuge drive is characterized by structural complexity and the presence of two independent individual drives of the pump and additional wheels.

 Known reactive centrifuge for cleaning fuel or oil [2] in which, in addition to the hydroreactive drive, there is an increasing gear reducer that transmits rotation from the hydroreactive drive to the rotor.

 The disadvantages of such a drive are its complexity and the need to have two separate centrifuge connection systems, one of which, the injection, feeds the hydro-jet drive, and the separating part of the centrifuge is connected to the suction line of the hydraulic system. In addition, the centrifuge combines the known disadvantages of both a jet drive and a gear boost reactor.

 The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved positive effect is a centrifuge for liquid purification [3] including a rotor mounted in a housing on the axle shafts with axial channels for supplying oil to the rotor and drainage of purified oil, a chamber located under the base of the housing, working blades, placed in the chamber, and a guide apparatus, the nozzles of which are made in the chamber wall along the outer diameter of the blades. The hydraulic drive of this centrifuge works on the principle of a centripetal radial-axial turbine, in which the flow is supplied to the blades with the speed of flow from the guide apparatus. This embodiment of the hydraulic drive allows you to increase the average diameter of the blades to the required size without limitation and get a large torque, which makes it possible to drive rotors of increased volumes.

 The disadvantages of the centrifuge are that with an increase in the radius of the working blades, their peripheral speed also increases, therefore, in order to achieve high cleaning efficiency by increasing the rotor speed, the fluid flow must be accelerated in the guide apparatus to high speeds, while increasing the flow rate or decreasing the nozzle cross section, which leads to an increase in hydraulic resistance.

 In some cases, a decrease in the nozzle cross section is limited by technological capabilities, and an increase in the liquid flow rate can lead to washout of deposits in the rotor and entrainment of solid particles. These factors limit the speed of volumetric rotors and the cleaning efficiency.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the degree of purification of the liquid by increasing the rotational speed of the rotor.

 To do this, in a centrifuge for cleaning liquids, containing a vertical cylindrical body with covers mounted on the hollow axle shafts inside the housing with a rotor with a column having channels for supplying and discharging liquid, and a hydraulic actuator including a blade turbine mounted inside the lower rotor half shaft, the centrifuge housing is divided by a support a partition into two compartments, and the hydraulic actuator additionally contains an accelerator chamber for creating a vortex motion of the incoming fluid, and the rotor is placed in one compartment of the housing, and the accelerator the chamber is mounted on the hollow semi-axes coaxially with the rotor in another compartment, has a collection of deposits of mechanical impurities, is equipped with a mechanical drive of rotation and is divided by a disk into two sections communicated at the periphery with an annular gap, while vertical blades are radially mounted in one of the sections for uniform distribution and unwinding liquid discharged to the periphery of the chamber, and the other section is hollow and the lower part of the blade impeller is located in it.

 In comparison with the prototype, where the flow, before acting on the blade impeller, is accelerated in the guiding apparatus, in the proposed centrifuge, the flow is preliminarily untwisted by the radial blades of the rotating accelerator chamber when the fluid is drained to the periphery, and then with the radial flow of the swirling flow in the free space of the hollow section of the accelerator vortex motion of a liquid is formed in which, while maintaining a constant value of the moment at an arbitrary radius of the vortex field, an increase in rotation speeds according to a law close to the law of a free vortex.

 The presence of an accelerating chamber rotating with a constant angular velocity allows all flow elements uniformly distributed along the peripheral perimeter of the chamber to report practically equal and sufficiently large peripheral velocities without additional hydraulic losses, which makes it possible to obtain a high intensity of fluid vortex motion, which leads to an increase in the rotor speed.

 In addition, a preliminary centrifugal purification of the liquid from the largest fractions of mechanical impurities and their accumulation in the sediment collector takes place in a rotating accelerator chamber. Thus, a two-stage centrifugal cleaning of the liquid is carried out sequentially, first in the accelerator chamber, and then in the rotor, which ultimately increases the cleaning efficiency and increases the overall dirt capacity of the centrifuge.

 All this allows us to assume that the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 Comparison of the proposed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field, did not allow them to identify features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows a centrifuge for cleaning liquid, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 section BB in FIG. 1.

 The centrifuge consists of a vertical cylindrical casing 1 with covers 2 and 3, located inside the casing and mounted on the hollow half shafts 4 and 5 of the rotor 6 with a column 7 having channels for supplying and discharging liquid. The rotor hydraulic drive consists of an accelerator chamber 8 and a blade impeller 9. The centrifuge body inside is divided by a support partition 10 into two compartments. In one compartment there is a rotor 6, and in the other a rotating body 11 of the accelerator chamber 8, which is mounted on the hollow axles 12 and 13 and is equipped with a mechanical drive 14. The accelerator chamber 8 is divided by height of the disk 15 into two sections 16 and 17. In section 16, radially blades 18 are installed, and section 17 is hollow. In addition, a collection of 19 deposits of mechanical impurities was made in the accelerator chamber.

 The proposed centrifuge operates with a constantly switched on mechanical drive 14, which informs the housing of the accelerator chamber rotation at a constant angular velocity.

 Fluid under pressure is supplied through the channel of the axle shaft 13 of the rotating housing 11 to the section 16 of the accelerator chamber 8, is discharged to the periphery, spinning with radial blades 18, envelopes the disk 15 and carries out radial flow in the free space of the hollow section 17, where the swirling fluid forms a swirling motion . The liquid swirling in the accelerator chamber is directed to the impeller 9 and transmits the moment to the rotor 6, causing it to rotate, then passes through the axial channel of the semi-axis 4 into the cavity of the rotor and through the axial channel of the semi-axis 5, the purified liquid is discharged to the consumer.

 With a small flow rate of liquid or in its absence, the rotation of the rotor will be unstable.

 The moment transmitted to the rotor blade 9 of the rotor is determined by the intensity of the fluid flow swirling in the accelerator chamber, the parameters of which determine the speed regime of the rotor.

ω_кR $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{τ}}$ -ω_рR

где A

m_s массовый секундный расход жидкости;
η коэффициент динамической вязкости жидкости;
h высота полой секции ускорительной камеры;
ω_с угловая скорость корпуса ускорительной камеры;
R_τ радиус сплошного диска;
ω_р угловая скорость ротора;
R_р наружный радиус лопастной турбинки.The value of the moment transmitted to the blade impeller by the flow of swirling liquid is determined by the formula
M _c = m

ω _to R $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{τ}}$ -ω _p R

where a

m _s mass second flow rate;
η coefficient of dynamic viscosity of the liquid;
h the height of the hollow section of the accelerating chamber;
ω _{with the} angular velocity of the housing of the accelerating chamber;
R _{τ is the} radius of the solid disk;
ω _{p the} angular velocity of the rotor;
R _{p the} outer radius of the blade impeller.

h 0,01 м; ω_к 500 1/c; R_τ= 0,07 м; R_р 0,01 м.An example of a specific implementation of a hydromechanical centrifuge drive:
m _s 20 kg / min; 0.333 kg / s; η = 17.5 · 10 ^-3

h 0.01 m; ω _to 500 1 / s; R _τ = 0.07 m; R _p 0.01 m

At an angular speed of the rotor ω _r 2094 1 / s (20,000 rpm), the moment turbine M is transmitted _with 0.74 N˙m, which is consistent with the moment of resistance to rotation of the rotors with a volume of 2000-3000 cm ³ in the indicated driving mode.

 Using the proposed technical solution allows a sequential two-stage centrifugal cleaning of the liquid and at low costs and low hydraulic losses, without the use of complex transmission mechanisms, significantly increase the speed mode of the rotor and increase the degree of liquid purification 3-4 times.

Claims (1)

 CENTRIFUGE FOR CLEANING LIQUID, comprising a vertical cylindrical body with covers, a rotor mounted in the body on the hollow half shafts with a column having channels for supplying and discharging liquid, and a hydraulic actuator including a blade turbine mounted inside the lower half shaft of the rotor, characterized in that, for the purpose increasing the degree of cleaning by increasing the rotor speed, the centrifuge housing is divided by a support partition into two compartments, and the hydraulic drive additionally contains an accelerator chamber to create a vortex motion flowing fluid, with the rotor located in one compartment of the housing, and the accelerator chamber mounted on the hollow semi-axes coaxially with the rotor in the other compartment, has a collection of deposits of mechanical impurities, is equipped with a mechanical drive of rotation and is divided by a disk into two sections, communicated on the periphery of the annular gap, while vertical blades are radially mounted in one of the sections for uniform distribution and unwinding of the fluid discharged to the periphery of the chamber, and the second section is hollow and the lower part of the pasta turbine.

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