RU2604378C1 - Centrifuge for cleaning technical oils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices intended for separation of liquid inhomogeneous systems using centrifugal forces and can be used to clean from mechanical impurities and water, for example, fuels, oils, hydraulic and washing liquids in their recovery at enterprises, as well as directly at mobile units. Centrifuge for cleaning technical oils comprises a housing, an installed in it on bearings rotor with jet nozzles including a drum, a column with a base containing radial inlet channels and a vertical channel made along its axis. In the cover of the drum and in the base of the column there are concentric grooves of identical radius R, in them there are two distributing discs with radial slots forming annular cavities around the column connected via the radial channels in the upper part of the column with a vertical inlet channel and symmetrically arranged holes of inlet into the jet hydraulic drive nozzles in its lower part. Grooves are also deflectors to change the liquid flow at the inlet into the rotor at the top from the radial direction into the axial one and at the bottom from the axial into the radial ones. On the distributive discs there is a cylindrical jar with radius r separating the inner non-flow cavity of the rotor from its peripheral flow section.

EFFECT: technical result is improved quality of the liquid cleaning by providing its movement inside the rotor parallel to the axis of rotation with uniform distribution along the circular cross section of the flow.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for separating heterogeneous liquid systems using centrifugal forces, and can be used to clean mechanical impurities and water, for example, fuels, oils, hydraulic and washing liquids during their regeneration in enterprises, as well as directly on mobile units .

Known centrifuge / 1 / with a hydraulic actuator for cleaning liquids, such as oils, in an internal combustion engine, containing a rotor column mounted on a fixed axis with a hole for supplying fluid to the rotor and equipped with jet nozzles in pairs located at different distances from the axis. A cavity for centrifugal liquid cleaning is formed between the column and the rotor glass and divided into sections by a cylindrical head with a perforated cover.

During the operation of this centrifuge, the liquid to be cleaned first enters the rotor cleaning section between the column and the insert, where, moving from bottom to top, it is cleaned of the largest impurities. Then, through the upper perforated cover, it enters the section between the insert and the rotor glass, moves down to the nozzles, being cleaned of small impurities.

The disadvantages of this centrifuge include the complexity of the hydraulic drive design, when using two pairs of jet nozzles located at different distances from the axis of rotation, and an unreasonable increase in the number of nozzles can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the jet hydraulic drive, a decrease in the rotor speed and, as a result, to a deterioration in the separation efficiency of the centrifuge. In addition, significant hydraulic losses occur in the flow of the liquid being cleaned in the rotor cavity, as a result, a change in the direction of its movement by 180 ° when flowing from one cleaning section to another.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a centrifuge described in the copyright certificate SU 1830748/2 /, containing a housing mounted in it with bearings using the upper and lower spikes of the rotor with jet nozzles, including a drum, a column with a base containing radial inlet and outlet channels and a vertical channel with branches for supplying the purified liquid to the jet nozzles, the vertical channel of the column being made along its axis, and its branches are inclined, the outer ends of the radial inlet and the outlet channels of the column are placed at the same distance from the axis of the drum, an annular deflector is installed on the base of the column in the area of the outlet of the radial inlet channel, and the ratio of the distance from the axis of the drum to the outlet of the specified channel to the gap between the deflector wall and the outer end of the channel is r ₁ / δ = 5-6.

The disadvantage of this centrifuge is its low separation efficiency. One of the main separation characteristics of a centrifuge is the maximum particle diameter d _y guaranteed to be trapped in it. It is determined from the expression / 3 /.

,

,

where R and r are the boundaries of the path of deposition of particles in the radial direction;

τ is the deposition time.

The boundaries of the path of deposition of particles in the rotor depend on its internal structure and the organization of the introduction of fluid into and out of the rotor. In the centrifuge adopted for the prototype, the input-output of fluid in the rotor is carried out in the radial direction through two holes in the column. In this case, the fluid motion in the rotor has a pronounced jet character. These are flooded turbulent jets expanding due to suction of the surrounding fluid / 4 /. Because of this, the rotor exhibits an uneven distribution of fluid velocities, the presence of stagnant and vortex zones, which prevents the deposition of particles and makes the boundaries of the particle deposition path R and r undefined. The deflector used in the fluid inlet portion of the rotor serves only to rotate the fluid jets, but does not provide a uniform flow distribution over its transverse annular section. In addition, the flow directed by the deflector in the axial direction, according to the theory of flooded jets / 4 /, will expand, and part of it will rush to the central region of the rotor (to the column). Particles of contaminants brought by the stream into this region, moving further under the action of centrifugal forces to the periphery, will be picked up by the central part of the stream and drawn into the radial output channels, i.e. into the cleaned stream.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of liquid purification by optimally organizing its movement inside the rotor: a stream uniformly distributed over the annular section, parallel to its axis, and also reducing the hydraulic resistance of the centrifuge.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a known centrifuge containing a housing, a rotor with jet nozzles mounted in it in bearings, including a drum, a column with a base containing radial inlet channels and a vertical channel made along its axis, according to the invention, in the drum cover and base the columns are made concentric grooves of the same radius R, two distribution discs with radial slots are installed in them, forming annular cavities around the column, which communicate through radial analys in the upper part of the column are the vertical inlet channel and symmetrically located openings of the entrance to the nozzles of the jet hydraulic drive in its lower part. Moreover, the grooves are also deflectors for translating the movement of the liquid when entering the rotor at the top from the radial direction to the axial and when leaving the bottom from the axial to the radial. In addition, a cylindrical cup of radius r separating the internal non-flow cavity of the rotor from its peripheral flow part is fixed to the distribution discs in order to prevent the flow jets from deflecting into the cylindrical region of the rotor with a radius of less than r.

The radii of the deflectors R are in proportion to the inner radius of the drum R _in , as R / R _in = 0.5 ... 0.7, which corresponds to the mud volume of 75 ... 50% of the total internal volume of the rotor.

The radius of the cylindrical glass r is justified by the conditions for preventing the washing out of the dirt deposited on the inner surface of the drum of the rotor drum by the fluid flow, which is characterized by the expression

Q / π (R ² -r ² ) ≤0.05 ... 0.18,

where Q is the flow rate through the centrifuge, m ³ / s;

0.05 ... 0.18 - permissible flow rate, m / s.

For uniform distribution of the flow over its annular section, the number of radial slots in the distribution discs must be at least 12.

To reduce hydraulic losses in the rotor, the annular cavities formed by the distribution discs around the column must be blocked by radial vanes of at least 3 in number.

In FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a centrifuge, and FIG. 2 and 3 are cross-sections of columns AA and BB.

The centrifuge contains a housing 1 with a cover 2, in which a rotor is installed on the rolling bearings, which includes a column 3 and a drum 4, fastened with a nut 5. Two distribution discs 6 and 7 of equal outer diameter are mounted on column 3, having one of their ends on the periphery radial slots. Distribution discs 6 and 7 with these ends are adjacent to the planes of two concentric grooves of the same outer radius R, made in the cover of the drum 4 and at the base of column 3, forming a system of radial channels 16 and 17 and annular cavities 11 and 13 at the walls of column 3. Both grooves are deflectors, providing a change in the direction of fluid flow from radial to axial (in the upper part of the rotor) and from axial to radial (in its lower part). On the distribution discs 6 and 7, a cylindrical cup 8 with an outer radius r is worn externally, separating the flowing peripheral part of the rotor from its inner central and non-flowing. In column 3, an axial channel 9 is made, connecting at the top with several radial (or radial-axial) channels 10. These channels 10 exit into the annular cavity 11 formed by the distribution disk 6 and the drum cover 4. At the base of column 3, nozzles 12 of the hydraulic drive are symmetrically screwed , the entrance to which is made of an annular cavity 13 formed by a distribution disk 7 and a column base. The annular cavities 11 and 13 are blocked by several blades 14 and 15 to reduce hydraulic losses.

The centrifuge operates as follows. The liquid to be cleaned, for example, oil, is supplied under pressure through the nozzle 18 to the axial channel 9 of column 3, from which upward passes through the radial (or radial-axial) channels 10 into the annular cavity 11, and from it into the radial channel system 16 of the upper distribution disk 6. At the exit from these channels, the concentric groove deflector in the drum cover changes the direction of the flow from radial to axial, and then the liquid moves down parallel to the walls of the glass 8. Under the action of centrifugal forces, oil is released from the oil flow and deposited on drum 4 nke mechanical impurities and water, having greater than the oil density. At the bottom of the rotor, the refined oil is rotated 90 ° with the help of the lower bore deflector at the base of the column 3, rushes into the radial channels 17 of the lower distribution disk 7 and then enters the annular cavity 13, from which it is thrown through the nozzles 12 into the pallet 19 of the housing 1, creating reactive torque. From the pan 19 through the drain hole 20, the purified liquid enters a separate container.

The described design allows for the movement of the fluid flow parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor with its uniform distribution over the annular section. Such organization of the flow reduces hydraulic losses and improves the quality of cleaning.

Information sources

1. Patent 347089 B04B 9/06, publ. 08/10/1972, bull. Number 24.

2. Patent SU 1830748 A1, 1989, B04B 1/00, 9/06.

3. Grigoriev M.A. Oil purification in internal combustion engines / M.A. Grigoryev. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1983. - 148 p.

4. Ginevsky A.S. Theory of turbulent jets and traces / A.S. Ginevsky. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1969. - 400 p.

Claims (5)

1. A centrifuge for the purification of technical oils, comprising a housing, a rotor with jet nozzles mounted therein in bearings, including a drum, a column with a base containing radial inlet channels and a vertical channel made along its axis, characterized in that in the drum cover and base the columns are made concentric grooves of the same radius R, two distribution discs with radial slots are installed in them, forming annular cavities around the column, which are communicated through radial channels in the upper hour These columns have a vertical inlet channel and symmetrically located openings of the entrance to the nozzles of the jet hydraulic drive in its lower part, and the grooves are also deflectors for translating the fluid movement when entering the rotor from the top from the radial direction to the axial and when leaving the bottom from axial to radial, in addition, a cylindrical cup of radius r is fixed on the distribution discs, separating the internal non-flow cavity of the rotor from its peripheral flow part to prevent deviation of the stream jets inside region of cylindrical rotor radius of less than r. 2. A centrifuge for cleaning technical oils according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii of the deflectors R are in proportion to the inner radius of the drum R _in as R / R _in = 0.5

0.7, which corresponds to a mud volume of 75 ... 50% of the total internal volume of the rotor. 3. A centrifuge for the purification of technical oils according to claim 1, characterized in that the radius of the cylindrical cup r is justified by the conditions for preventing the flushing of contaminants deposited on the inner surface of the rotor drum with a fluid flow, which is characterized by the expression
Q / π (R ² -r ² ) ≤0.05

0.18,
where Q is the flow rate through the centrifuge, m ³ / s;
0.05

0.18 - allowable flow rate, m / s. 4. A centrifuge for cleaning technical oils according to claim 1, characterized in that for the uniform distribution of the flow over its annular section, the number of radial slots in the distribution discs must be at least 12. 5. A centrifuge for cleaning technical oils according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to reduce hydraulic losses in the rotor, the annular cavities formed by the distribution discs around the column must be blocked by radial vanes of at least 3 in number.

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