RU2786627C1 - Centrifuge with upper location of vortex hydraulic drive and open case - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to device intended for separation of liquid non-homogenous systems, using centrifugal forces. The centrifuge consists of a support disc with an axis fixed under it and a rotor installed on the axis in bearings, including a column and a coil fixed with a nut. A liquid supply fitting is attached to the support disc from above, and a vortex chamber of a guiding device of a hydraulic drive turbine with several tangential input channels is attached from below. Liquid passage from the fitting to the vortex chamber is performed through holes in the support disc, from top to bottom. A working wheel of the turbine of a conical shape with radial channels, fixed with a conical flange, is installed outside the rotor column, under the guiding device. Holes for liquid input from a turbine stage to a separating cavity of the rotor are made opposite each channel of the wheel, in the bottom of the column. Output of purified liquid from the rotor is carried out through radial and central channels in a lower part of the column, directly to a tank. Liquid leakages through a cylindrical seal of the turbine stage are removed to sides down, as well as to a free space of the tank. Due to the absence of a centrifuge case, they do not enter the rotor, do not create an air-drop medium in a near-rotor space, and, consequently, do not exert additional resistance to its rotation.

EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of liquid purification due to an increase in a rotational frequency of the rotor, provided by reduction in a rotation resistance moment, as well as simplification of a centrifuge structure.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices designed to separate liquid heterogeneous systems using centrifugal forces, and can be used to remove mechanical impurities and water from oils, fuels, hydraulic and washing fluids during their regeneration, as well as during operation directly on machines and units.

Known full-flow centrifuge with a vortex drive [patent for invention RU 2725791 C1, B04V 1/02, 3/00, 9/06. Full-flow centrifuge with a vortex drive / Snezhko A.V., Snezhko V.A. - Application: 2019135898; 07.11.2019; publ. 07/06/2020. Bull. No. 19] for cleaning liquids, containing a housing with a base and a cover, a rotor placed inside it on bearings, including a drum, a column with channels for supplying and discharging the liquid being cleaned, a turbine-type hydraulic drive, consisting of a guide vane installed in the base of the housing under the rotor and impeller attached to the rotor column. The hydraulic drive is a centrifugal radial-axial turbine. Its guide vane in the form of a vortex chamber has one or more tangential inlet channels and forms a rotating and conically divergent flow at the outlet of the central hole. The turbine impeller has blades and channels of the flow zone located at the same taper angle. Through them, the flow is introduced into the inner region of the rotor through a system of holes in the column. The output of the purified liquid from the rotor is carried out through the lower spike of the column, located in the central non-working zone of the vortex chamber.

The disadvantages of this centrifuge include the complexity of the design, as well as the need to remove liquid leaks from its body through the cylindrical seal of the rotating rotor and the guide vane of the hydraulic drive, which lead to a decrease in the rotation speed and, as a result, to a deterioration in the separation efficiency due to the formation of the space of a high-density airborne medium.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of liquid purification by increasing the rotor speed due to a decrease in the moment of resistance to rotation, as well as to simplify the design of the centrifuge.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the rotor is not located in a closed space formed by centrifuge body parts, but is freely located in a tank with a liquid to be purified, or in a pipe that has a free outlet to the tank. At the same time, the guide apparatus of the hydraulic drive is located above the rotor, respectively, the liquid is entered into the centrifuge from above, and the output from the rotor is downward, directly into the tank.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a centrifuge with a vortex drive, in Fig. 2 - view of the vortex chamber along the section A-A, in Fig. 3 - view of the rotor column along the section B-B, in Fig. 4 - impeller of the turbine, in Fig. 5 - installation diagrams of the centrifuge on the tank.

The centrifuge consists of a support disk 1 with an axle 2 fixed in it and a rotor mounted on the axle in bearings, at least one of which is a ball bearing. The rotor includes a column 3 and a drum 4, fastened with a nut 5. A union 6 is attached to the support disk 1 from above, and from below a swirl chamber 7 of the guide apparatus of the hydraulic drive turbine with several tangential inlet channels 8. The passage of fluid from the union to the vortex chamber is carried out through a system of holes 9 in the platter. In the column 3, the impeller of the turbine 10 is installed on the outside of a conical shape with a number of radial channels of rectangular cross section. The wheel is fixed on the column by a conical flange 11, which, together with the channels, forms the flow zone of the centrifugal radial-axial turbine. Opposite each channel of the wheel in the bottom of the column there are holes for introducing liquid from the turbine stage into the separating cavity of the rotor. The output of liquid from the rotor is carried out through a system of radial channels 12 in the lower part of the column and then through the central channel 13 out of the centrifuge.

The centrifuge works as follows (Fig. 1). The liquid to be cleaned under pressure is supplied through the fitting 6 and the system of holes 9 in the support disk to the vortex chamber 7 of the guide vane. Having passed the tangential inlet channels 8, the flow swirls and spreads in a cone layer from its central hole, falling into the channels of the turbine impeller 10. In this case, the swirling flow interacts with the blades of the turbine impeller 10 and causes the rotor to rotate. Moving along the channels in the radial-axial direction, the liquid through the holes in the bottom of the column 3 enters the separating cavity of the rotor and rushes down along the axis of its rotation. In the lower part of the rotor, the liquid purified in the centrifugal field through the radial channels 12 of the column 3 enters its central channel 13, from where it goes out into the tank.

Liquid leaks through the cylindrical seal of the turbine stage - between the vortex chamber 7 and the conical flange 11 of the impeller of the turbine 10 are thrown into the free space of the tank (Fig. 5a), or onto the pipe walls (Fig. 5b, 5c) and then also flow into the tank. In this case, they do not fall on the rotor, do not create an air-drop environment in the space around the rotor and, therefore, do not provide additional resistance to its rotation.

Claims (2)

1. A centrifuge with a top-mounted vortex hydraulic drive and an open housing for cleaning liquid heterogeneous systems, containing a rotor that includes a drum, a column with channels for supplying and discharging the liquid to be cleaned, a turbine-type hydraulic drive, consisting of a guide vane and an impeller attached to the rotor column; the hydraulic drive is a centrifugal radial-axial turbine, its guide apparatus in the form of a vortex chamber has one or more tangential inlet channels and forms a rotating and conically divergent flow at the outlet of the central hole; the turbine impeller has blades and channels of the flow zone located at the same taper angle, and discharges the flow into the peripheral inner region of the rotor through a system of holes in the column, made for each channel of the wheel, characterized in that it has a support disk with an axle fixed under it, on which the rotor is installed in bearings; a fluid supply fitting is attached to the support disk from above, and a swirl chamber from below, so that the hydraulic drive guide vane is located above the rotor; the passage of liquid from the fitting to the vortex chamber is carried out through a system of holes in the support disk from top to bottom, and the liquid is discharged from the rotor through channels in the lower part of the column. 2. A centrifuge with a top-mounted vortex hydraulic drive and an open housing according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is located in the free space of the tank with purified liquid or in a pipe that has a free outlet to the tank.

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