RU2772339C1 - Full-flow centrifuge with a vortex drive and independent autonomous arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: centrifugal apparatus.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to apparatuses for separating liquid inhomogeneous systems by means of centrifugal forces. Proposed centrifuge consists of a body with a base and a cover, a rotor including a column and a drum. The body of the guide apparatus of the hydraulic drive turbine, wherein the lower support of the rotor and the vortex chamber are installed, is attached to the base. Installed in the lower part of the column is a conical turbine impeller with radial channels by means whereof the contaminated liquid from the hydraulic drive enters the separating cavity of the rotor. The purified liquid is output from the rotor through the radial channels of the column, the central drilling therein, and the lower support of the rotor. A deflector cap is installed in the lower part of the base of the body so as to form a compact cavity for collecting leaking liquid from the rotor seals and preventing the splashing thereof. A jet pump consisting of a case, a nozzle, and a diffuser is attached to the body of the guide apparatus, wherein the output from the diffuser is provided tangentially into the annular cavity at the input of the vortex chamber. The receiving chamber of the jet pump is connected with the cavity at the base of the centrifuge under the deflector cap by a drain channel. Thus, the leaking contaminated liquid concentrated in said cavity is forcibly pumped and directed back to the hydraulic drive of the centrifuge.

EFFECT: improvement in the quality of liquid purification.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices designed to separate liquid heterogeneous systems using centrifugal forces, and can be used to remove mechanical impurities and water from oils, fuels, hydraulic and washing fluids during their regeneration, as well as directly during the operation of machines.

Known full-flow centrifuge with a vortex drive [Patent for invention RU 2725791 C1, B04B 1/02, B04B 3/00, B04B 9/06. Full-flow centrifuge with a vortex drive / Snezhko A.V., Snezhko V.A. - Application: 2019135898; 07.11.2019; publ. 07/06/2020. Bull. No. 19.] for cleaning liquids, containing a body with a base and a cover, a rotor placed inside it on bearings, including a drum, a column with channels for supplying and discharging the liquid being cleaned, a turbine-type hydraulic drive, consisting of a guide vane installed in the base of the body under the rotor and an impeller attached to the rotor column. The hydraulic drive is a centrifugal radial-axial turbine. Its guide vane in the form of a vortex chamber has one or more tangential inlet channels and forms a rotating and conically diverging flow at the outlet of the central hole. The turbine impeller has blades and channels of the flow zone located at the same taper angle. Through them, the flow is introduced into the inner region of the rotor through a system of holes in the column. The output of the purified liquid from the rotor is carried out through the lower spike of the column, located in the central non-working zone of the vortex chamber.

The disadvantage of this centrifuge is the need to remove liquid from its housing through the cylindrical seal of the rotating rotor and the guide apparatus of the hydraulic drive. Thus, the centrifuge loses the autonomy of its placement. Its position in space is linked to the location of the container where these leaks are discharged: since the transportation of liquid is gravitational, the centrifuge must be located above the container.

This problem exists in many hydraulically driven centrifuges, especially jet-jet or bucket-type centrifuges, in which not only leaks through non-contact seals, but also purified liquid must be vented from the housing cavity.

Among the possible options for solving the autonomy of the location of the centrifuge, a method of forced removal of liquid is known [A. with. SU 1409330, B 04 B 3/00. Centrifuge for liquid purification / V.A. Snezhko, E.M. Pirozhenko, I.Ya. Chernyshenko. - Application: 3976701/30, 09/10/1985; Published 07/15/1988. Bull. No. 26. and Patent US4046315, 09/6/1977, Centrifugal separator with discharge pump], assembled in the body of a jet-reactive centrifuge - cleaned and leaks through its seals using a jet pump. The disadvantage of this method is that the ejection of the discharged purified liquid is carried out by a jet of contaminated liquid. This reduces the separation efficiency of the centrifuge.

The aim of the invention is to provide a full-flow centrifuge with a vortex drive with an independent autonomous location relative to the object of its use and to improve the quality of liquid purification.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the ejection of liquid leaks through the cylindrical seal is carried out by a jet pump installed at the inlet to the centrifuge. In this regard, the stream of contaminated liquid injected into the centrifuge, passing through the jet pump, also sucks in contaminated leaks and then, after passing through the rotor, leaves the centrifuge cleaned. Thus, the centrifuge actually works like a filter, has an inlet under the pressure of the contaminated liquid and an outlet of the cleaned one also under pressure. Thus, its location in space in relation to the serviced unit is not limited.

Installing a jet pump at the inlet to the centrifuge reduces the pressure in front of the vortex drive and further at its outlet. However, due to the peculiarities of the operation of the vortex hydraulic drive, such a design option is realistic, since it is known that it is possible to obtain a high rotor speed using a vortex hydraulic drive with a small pressure of the working fluid. In addition, a small volume of ejected fluid (leaks) with a large volume of ejecting (working fluid) contributes to a relatively small pressure drop in the jet pump.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a centrifuge, Fig. 2 - view and section of its lower part with a jet pump.

The centrifuge consists of a housing 1 with a base 2 and a cover 3, a rotor including a column 4 and a drum 5, fastened with a nut 6. A housing 7 of the hydraulic drive turbine guide vane is attached to the base 2, in which the lower support of the rotor 8 is installed with a bearing 9, a vortex chamber 10 with tangential inlet channels and a cover 11. An annular cylindrical cavity I is formed between the lower support of the rotor 8 and the inner walls of the housing 7 for supplying liquid to the vortex chamber 10. A deflector cap 12 is installed in the lower part of the base 2, due to which a compact cavity II is formed for collecting fluid leaks from the rotor seals.

A jet pump is attached to the housing 7 of the guide vane, consisting of a holder 13, a nozzle 14, a diffuser 15, and the exit from the diffuser 15 is carried out tangentially into the cylindrical cavity I of the housing 7 of the guide vane of the hydraulic drive turbine, and the receiving chamber III of the pump between its holder 13, the diffuser 15 and the nozzle 14 is connected by a drainage channel 16 with the cavity II of the housing under the cap-deflector 12.

In the lower part of the column 4 of the rotor, a conical turbine impeller 17 with radial channels of rectangular cross section is installed outside.

The conical impeller of the turbine 17 is fixed on the column shaft by a conical flange 18, which, together with the channels, forms the flow zone of the centrifugal radial-axial turbine. Opposite each channel of the wheel in the bottom of the column 4 there are holes for introducing liquid from the turbine stage into the separating cavity of the rotor. The output of liquid from the rotor is carried out through a system of radial channels formed by the drum cover 5 and column 4, central drilling into the hole and the lower support of the rotor 8.

In the cover 3, the upper support of the rotor 19 with the bearing 20 is installed.

The centrifuge works as follows.

The liquid to be cleaned under pressure will be supplied to the nozzle 14 of the jet pump (Fig. 1, 2), passes the diffuser 15, creating a vacuum in the intake chamber III of the pump, and is injected tangentially into the annular cylindrical cavity I of the casing 7 of the guide vane of the hydraulic drive turbine. Further, the swirling preliminarily flow passes the tangential channels of the vortex chamber 10, acquiring a kinetic moment, and spreads in a conical layer from the upper central opening of the cover 11 of the vortex chamber, falling into the channels of the conical impeller of the turbine 17. In this case, the flow interacts with the wheel blades and sets the rotor in rotation. Moving along the channels in the radial-axial direction, the liquid through the holes in the bottom of the column 4 enters the separating cavity of the rotor and rushes up along the axis of its rotation. In the upper part of the rotor, the liquid purified in the centrifugal field through the radial channels of the column and the bottom of the drum 5 enters its central drilling, from where it goes down. The output of the purified liquid from the rotor is carried out through the hole in its lower support of the rotor 8.

Contaminated liquid leaks through the non-contact cylindrical seal of the turbine stage - between the cover 11 of the vortex chamber and the conical flange 18 of the impeller during rotation of the rotor are thrown to the periphery and, thanks to the cap-deflector 12, are concentrated in the narrow cavity II of the base 2 of the centrifuge. Since this cavity is connected by a drainage channel 16 to the intake chamber III of the jet pump, these leaks are forced to be pumped out and sent back to the centrifuge hydraulic drive as part of the main flow. Thus, the presence of the cap-deflector 12 prevents liquid from splashing in the inner cavity of the centrifuge housing 1, hitting the rotor and, thereby, providing additional resistance to its rotation.

Claims (1)

A full-flow centrifuge with a vortex drive and an independent autonomous arrangement, containing a body with a base and a cover, a rotor placed inside it on bearings, including a drum, a column with channels for supplying and removing the liquid to be cleaned, a turbine-type hydraulic drive, consisting of a guide vane installed in the base of the body under the rotor and the impeller attached to the rotor column, and the hydraulic drive is a centrifugal radial-axial turbine; its guide vane in the form of a vortex chamber has one or more tangential inlet channels and forms a rotating and conically diverging flow at the outlet from the central hole, the turbine impeller has blades and channels of the flow zone located at the same taper angle, and outputs the flow to the peripheral internal rotor area through a system of holes in the column, made for each channel of the wheel, characterized in that the leakage of contaminated liquid through the cylindrical seal of the rotor with a vortex guide vane is pumped out forcibly by a jet pump installed at the centrifuge inlet and sent back to its hydraulic drive, and the internal cavity centrifuge, where leaks are collected, is covered with a deflector cap to prevent their splashing and concentration in a narrow zone.

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