RU2033343C1 - Gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering; truck-tractors, tractors, road-building and agricultural machines. SUBSTANCE: high-efficiency direct drive is provided owing to installation of gear clusters on countershaft, use of tubular secondary shaft on primary shaft and selected coupling of power flow output link with primary or secondary shaft. EFFECT: reduced fuel consumption and wear of gearbox parts at operation in direct drive; possibility of crosswise and longitudinal arrangement of gearbox and engine.

Description

 The invention relates to transport engineering, to the transmission of transport vehicles.

Known transmission units with step change of gear ratios, containing gears, shafts, bearings, gear shifting devices used on domestic and foreign cars [1]
These units have a high specific metal consumption.

 Closest to the proposed gearbox (KP) is a 16-speed KP [2] which consists of a housing with shafts located in it, two gear units, 8 external gears, freely mounted on the shafts, five gearshift clutches, of which two are middle clutches dual, interacting each on both shafts.

 Such a gearbox is simple in design, has a good specific metal consumption, but does not have a direct transmission.

 The purpose of the invention is the improvement of the gearbox due to the introduction of direct transmission, in which the moment is transmitted to other transmission units, bypassing the gearbox. Such a transmission is used most often because It has high efficiency, which ensures fuel economy and reduced wear of the gearbox.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that both gear blocks are mounted on the axis of the intermediate shaft, the secondary shaft is tubular and placed on the primary shaft, a clutch is installed at the output of the gearbox for selectively connecting one of these shafts to the power flow output link.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a 16-speed gearbox with direct transmission; in FIG. 2 link power flow selection, one of the possible options; in FIG. 3 torque transmission diagrams for various gears (in the upper part letters indicate gearshift clutches; on the transmission diagrams the positions of these clutches are indicated: L left, R right, N neutral; in Fig. 4 the beam diagram of the gearbox (left gear for forward, right reverse gears; horizontal beams correspond to AND 1.0; beams directed upwards indicate deceleration gears, downward to acceleration gears).

 A primary shaft 2 is located in the bearings of the housing 1. An axis 3 is rigidly fixed to it. A tubular secondary shaft 4 is freely mounted on the primary shaft, and a power flow output shaft 5 is aligned with these shafts. On the input shaft, the hubs of the switching clutches are fixed toothed gears 6 and 7, and gears 8-11 are freely mounted. Two hubs 12 and 13 of the clutch are also fixed on the secondary shaft, and gear 14 is freely mounted. On axis 3, gears 15-19 are freely mounted, which are engaged with gears 8-11 of the primary shaft, as well as with gear of the secondary shaft 14. Gears 15, 16 and 18, 19 are combined into blocks. A reverse gear 20 is fixed on the gear block 18.19. A separate gear 21 is placed on its axis 21. The axially movable gear 22 is mounted on the hub 12. Clutch A is mounted on the hub 6 between gears 8 and 9. Twin couplings B and C are located between gears 9, 16 and 10, 17, as well as 11, 18. The clutch D is combined with the reverse gear 22 and mounted on the hub 12. The clutch E is placed on the power flow output link 23, which can be mounted either on the shaft 5 (Fig. 1) or gear 24 (Fig. 2). Clutch F is combined with a separate reverse gear 21.

 The work of the CP is as follows.

 1st gear. Torque from the input shaft 2 through the hub 6 and clutch A in the left position is supplied to a pair of gears 8-15, then through the block to a pair of gears 16-9, through clutch B in the left position to a pair of gears 10-17, then through clutch C in the right position on the block of gears and a pair of gears 19-14, on the clutch D in the right position on the hub 12, the secondary shaft 4, the hub 13, on the clutch E in the left position on the link 23 output power flow. This link is connected to the shaft 5 (Fig. 1) or to the cyclic or bevel gear 24 (Fig. 2). The clutch F with the reverse gear is in the left off position.

 The positions of the couplings and the directions of the power flow in the pairs of gears are clearly visible in FIG. 3. On the radiation diagram (Fig. 4), this transmission is reflected by rays 8-15, 16-9, 10-17 and 19-14, directed from point O to the left to point 1.

 2nd gear. Differs from 1st gear by switching clutch C from right to left. In this case, a pair of gears 10-17 is turned off, instead of it, a pair of 11-18 is turned on (Figs. 3 and 4).

 3rd gear. We transfer couplings B and C from the left position to the right. In this case, pairs of gears 16-9 and 11-18 are switched off from work. From four-pair gearing we get two-pair gearing. Torque is transmitted through the blocks of gears and gear 17 of the intermediate shaft without being transformed.

 4th gear. We transfer the coupling C from the right to the left. At the same time, we open the power flow of the intermediate shaft. From gear 17, the moment is transmitted to gear 10, via clutch C in the left position to gear 11, then, as in 2nd gear.

 5th gear. We transfer the coupling C from the left position to the right, and the couplings B and D from the right to the left position. It differs from 1st gear by the output of the power flow, from the intermediate shaft to the secondary shaft, the moment enters through a pair of gears 18-11 and clutch D in the left position (Figs. 3 and 4).

 6th gear. We translate the coupling C to the left position. In this case, the moment from the intermediate shaft is transmitted by a pair of gears 16-9, then by the clutches B, C and D in the left position to the secondary shaft.

 7th gear. We switch couplings B and C to the right position. In this case, a pair of gears 16-9 is turned off, instead of it, a pair of 18-11 is working.

 8th gear. We switch the clutch C to the left position and replace the pair of gears 18-11 with a pair of 17-10.

 9th gear. Clutches A, B, C and D change their position. The moment from the input shaft from the hub 6 along the clutch A in the right position, gear 9, clutch B in the left position enters a pair of gears 10-17. Further, as in 1st gear (Fig. 3 and 4).

 10th gear. Move clutch C to the left position. At the same time, we replace a pair of gears 10-17 with a pair of 11-18.

 11th gear. We switch couplings B and C to the right position. In this case, we include in the work a pair of gears 9-16 instead of a pair of 11-18.

 12th gear. Move clutch C to the left position. From two-pair gearing we get four-pair gearing. The moment from the input shaft is transmitted by clutch A in the right position, gears 9-16, clutch B in the right position, a pair of gears 17-10, clutch C in the left position, gears 11-18, then, as in 10th gear.

 13th gear. We switch couplings B and D to the left position, and clutch C to the right. In this case, in comparison with the previous transmission, the two extreme pairs of gears are disabled.

 14th gear direct. Move clutch E from left to right. This disables the ring gear 13 of the secondary shaft, and turns on the ring gear 7 of the input shaft. Clutch A is moved to the neutral position, the moment is transmitted bypassing the gears of the gearbox.

 15th gear. Return clutch A to the right position, and clutch E to the left, connect the gearbox. We move the clutch B to the right position, until the intermediate shaft the moment arrives, as in the 11th gear, and is removed, as in the 13th gear.

 16th gear. Switch clutch C to the left position. At the same time, we turn off a pair of gears 18-11 from work, and turn on a pair of 17-10 (Figs. 3 and 4).

 Reverse. To engage reverse gears, move clutch D from the right to neutral, and clutch F from left to right. In this case, the pair of gears 19-14 is turned off, and the reverse gears 20, 21 and 22 are turned on. Otherwise, the torque transmission in the gearbox corresponds to forward gears, but 5-8 reverse gears correspond to 9-12 forward gears (Fig. 3 and 4). On the radiation pattern, reverse gears are reflected by rays emanating from point O and directed to the right.

 The economic effect is expressed in saving fuel and reducing wear of gearbox parts when working in direct gear, which has high efficiency and is used most often.

Claims (1)

 GEARBOX, comprising a housing with shafts housed in it, loosely mounted by two gear blocks and eight separate gears of external gearing, five gearshift clutches, two of the bottom doubles, each located on both shafts, characterized in that both gear blocks are mounted on the intermediate axis shaft, a tubular secondary shaft mounted on the input shaft, a coupling located on the output link of the power flow selectively connects this link to one of the shafts.

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