RU2032021C1 - Pile of landslide-prevention structures, used on soft grounds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: pile of landslide-prevention structures, used on soft grounds, has: pile trunk, made as square, diamond-shaped, oval in plan, prismatic or pyramidal in height; broadening, made in the form of disks-breadths of trapezoidal variable cross-section or uniform cross-section, located in symmetry to both axes of symmetry on peaks of pile body with square and diamond-shaped trunk. Broadenings are made as sector members or as truncated polyhedral prisms or as truncated polyhedral prisms of uniform cross-section. Broadenings are made as trapezoidal prisms of variable cross-section with plane of symmetry going through middle horizontal plane. In the case of oval cross-section of trunk broadenings are made of single direction and different directions in respect to cross-section of trunk. Broadenings of pyramidal piles are made with inner dimension of variable value, increasing in direction of their length from down to top together with broadening of pile trunk. Broadenings of trunk of diamond-shaped cross-section are made in the form of truncated polyhedral prismatic disks, that are located in pairs in one plane in respect to horizontal axis of symmetry and are alternated with paired disk-broadenings by steps on opposite side of axis of symmetry. In case of broadenings, that are made separately from trunk of pile, disks are made of triangular cross-section or in the form of polyhedral prisms of reinforced concrete, plastic or metal. In case of disks, that are made separately from trunk, they are fixed to each other by inserted bolt joints or made with close conjugation with pyramidal piles and with slipping disks over piles or by making disks and prismatic piles monolithic. Lower broadenings, conjugated in upper part of nozzle, are made conical. EFFECT: pile of landslide-prevention structures, used on soft grounds, is used in construction. 2 cl, 20 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction, in particular, to the construction of pile elements of anti-landslide structures, as well as industrial and civil buildings erected on unstable, landslide sections with low technical characteristics of soils in the base and at the same time flooded with the absence or excessively low arrangement of stable dense soils and specifically pile for landslide constructions on soft soils.

 Known design of piles used in the construction of industrial and civil structures on weak water-saturated clay soils.

 The piles of the saddle configuration in assembly, have a length of 3 m. The pile is assembled from the same branches of a trapezoidal section and forming a triangular or pentagonal outline along the perimeter in the assembly.

The disadvantages of this technical solution:
- insufficient length of piles;
- the design is not designed for horizontal (landslide) loads;
the pile does not involve passive vertical ground repulse;
- the pile does not sufficiently involve passive horizontal resistance;
- the design has a small lateral and frontal resistance;
- the design is unacceptable for landslide structures.

Known pyramidal structure reinforced concrete piles pyramidal piles 2-8 m long at the top end have a cross section of 60x60 to 80x80 cm. By tapering pile bottom with an apex angle ^of 12-14. The cross section at the sole is 7 x 7 cm. The reinforcement can be one longitudinal central rod and several nets in the pile head.

The disadvantages of this technical solution:
- piles are used in low subsidence places and provided that in the upper part of the soil base there is more solid soil than in the lower;
- pyramidal piles are not designed for tensile forces and horizontal loads;
- piles weakly show horizontal passive resistance;
- the design does not allow their use as anchor piles;
- the design does not allow their use on landslide slopes;
Known pile elements with local thickening of piles of a club-shaped outline of a square section with broadening (thickening) in the lower or middle part of the trunk. In this case, the thickening reaches a value of (1/2 - 1) B, where B is the transverse section of the piles.

 Thickening lengths are 0.75 m and not more than 2.0 m. Piles are used in structures on soft soils, in which strong layers lie at a depth of 4-10 m, and overlying weak ones that do not resist immersion.

The disadvantages of this technical solution:
- the design requires the presence of dense soil at a depth of 4-10 m;
- the design of piles weakly shows the involvement of passive soil resistance vertically;
- insufficient involvement of drag;
- slight involvement of resistance along the lateral surface of the soil;
- the design is not acceptable for landslide arrays i.e. in landslide constructions;
- the design does not involve passive horizontal resistance;
- the design does not reduce the active lateral pressure of the soil;
- the design does not jam the pile in the ground under horizontal force impacts;
- the structure is not operable in soft soils, when dense soil is much lower than the level of its immersion;
- the design of the piles is not profiled along its lateral faces, which does not sufficiently ensure the involvement of the resistance of the piles along their lateral faces;
- the design, taking into account only soil resistance, with vertical loads, the lower end of the pile and the broadening;
- the design is unacceptable with pulling loads;
- the design does not take into account negative friction, which does not allow their use on soft soils;
The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a pile for anti-landslide structures on soft soils.

 The design contains a reinforced concrete barrel with broadening made in one piece with the barrel or separately with a rigid mount to the barrel.

The disadvantages of this technical solution:
- the design is limited to one constructive solution of the pile shaft along its section;
- widening disks are made in one horizontal plane, which solves the problem only with vertical loads;
- the limited design of the broadening disks not involving passive resistance and jamming of the soil between piles;
- the pile is not oriented by the axis of symmetry along opposite vertices to landslide loads, which reduces its stability and does not adequately protect the soil from cutting it between the piles.

 The proposed technical solution is characterized in that the trunk is made square, rhomboid or ovoid in plan, prismatic or pyramidal in height, and the broadening is in the form of disks of a trapezoidal constant or variable section, located symmetrically with respect to both axes of symmetry at the vertices of a square or rhomboid in the section of the trunk or symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry of a square, rhomboid or ovoid in the section of the trunk, or broadening is made in the form of sector elements, or in the form of truncated polyhedral prisms of constant cross section, located at two opposite vertices of the square section of the trunk, alternating in height with broadening in the form of broken trapezoidal prisms of constant cross section, located at two other opposite vertices of the square cross section of the barrel, or broadening made in the form of trapezoidal prisms of variable section with the plane of symmetry passing along the mid horizontal plane, and with the ovoid section of the barrel, the broadening is made in the form of one or different directional, relative to the barrel, disks, broadening along the pyramidal pile is made by internal dimensions of variable size, increasing in the direction along their length from bottom to top in accordance with the broadening of the trunk, and broadening is made in one horizontal plane, or at different levels along the height of the trunk, and broadening of the trunk diamond-shaped sections are made in the form of truncated polyhedral prismatic disks located pairwise in the same plane relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry and alternating with paired wide discs stepwise from the opposite side of the axis of symmetry, moreover, when performing the broadening separately from the pile shaft, the disks are made of triangular cross-section or in the form of polyhedral prisms made of reinforced concrete, plastic or metal, and finally separately made broadening with the shaft or fastened together on the bolt-on joints or are made by their close conjugation with pyramidal piles or by monolithic between broadening and prismatic piles and the lower broadening mating in the upper part of the tip (the tip piles) are made conical.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows that the pile for anti-landslide structures on soft soils differs in both the configuration of the pile body in plan and the configuration of the broadening disks with their location relative to the length and section, in addition to this broadening is performed as in a monolith with the pile body so and their separate manufacture, connected, in the case of their separate manufacture, with the body of the pile on bolted joints or by monopolizing the interface between the broadening disks and prismatic piles, while the broadenings are made with an inner diameter increasing in the direction from the bottom upwards along the height of the broadening disks. The broadening disks are made of trapezoidal or triangular section made of reinforced concrete, plastic or metal. Along with the indicated, broadening disks are made along the perimeter of the pile or in the continuation of the outer faces of the pile body, placed pairwise on opposite vertices with alternating height piles with widening disks placed pairwise on other opposite vertices, in addition, they are made in the form of truncated polyhedral prisms or trapezoidal sector type, as well as piles arranged in the form of piles that are unidirectionally or multidirectional with respect to the trunk of the ovoid body.

 These differences allow us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

 Comparison of the claimed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this and related fields of technology did not allow us to identify signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "significant differences".

 Figure 1 shows a side view of a square pile with widening discs; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a plan view of a pile with a diamond-shaped body and trapezoidal broadening disks of variable decreasing section in the direction from the horizontal axis of symmetry; figure 4 is a side view of the piles of figure 3; figure 5 is a variant plan of a square pile with overhead disks-broadening; Fig.6 is a fragment of a side view of the piles of Fig.5 with disks-broadening of a triangular section; Fig.7 is a side view of a pyramidal pile with removable broadening disks; in FIG. 8 - an option of fixing the disk broadening of a triangular section to a rectangular pile in a section; Fig.9 is a view of BB in Fig. 8; figure 10 - section CC of the ovoid pile with the same directional disks-broadening; in FIG. 11 is a side view of an ovoid pile with ovoid broadening disks; Fig. 12 is a sectional view CC in Fig. 11 with oppositely (oppositely) directed widening disks relative to the pile body; in Fig.13 is a plan view of Fig.14 with sector-widening disks; in FIG. 14 is a side view of DD in FIG. 13; on Fig is a view in plan ZZ diamond-shaped piles with separate truncated hexagonal prismatic broadening disks; in FIG. 16 is a side view of EE in FIG. in Fig.17 is a plan view of a diamond-shaped pile with cast truncated tetrahedral prismatic broadening disks; in Fig.18 is a view of GG in Fig.17; in FIG. 19 is a plan view of a square pile with broadening disks arranged in pairs along the tops of piles; in Fig.20 is a side view of the piles of Fig.19.

 A pile for landslide constructions on soft soils contains: a pile shaft made square 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 19, 20), diamond-shaped 2 (Fig. 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18), ovoidal 3 (Fig. 10, 11, 12) in plan, prismatic (Fig. 1, 23, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 , 20) or pyramidal (Fig. 7) in height, broadening 4 in the form of a disk-trapezoidal constant section (Fig. 1, 2, 10), broadening 5 in the form of a disk-broadening of a trapezoidal variable section (Fig. 3, 4, 12 ) located symmetrically with respect to both axes of symmetry 6, 7 along the vertices of the pile body with square 1 and a rhombus 2 barrel or symmetrically relative to the vertical 6 plane of symmetry of square 1, rhomboid 2 or ovoid 3 in the section of the barrel, broadening 5, made in the form of sector elements 9 (Fig. 13, 14) or in the form of truncated polyhedral prisms 9 (Fig. 15, 16, 17, 18) or in the form of broken trapezoidal prisms 10 (Figs. 19, 20) of constant cross section located at two opposite vertices of square 1 section of the trunk, alternating in height with broadenings 5 in the form of broken trapezoidal prisms 10 of constant cross section located at two other prot the bridging vertices of the square 1 cross-section of the trunk, the broadening 5 is made in the form of trapezoidal prisms 9 of variable cross-section with a plane of symmetry passing along the mid horizontal plane (Fig. 12), and with an ovoidal 3 cross-section of the broadening barrel 4, 5 are made unidirectional (Fig. 10) or multidirectional (Fig. 12) with respect to the section of the trunk 3, broadening 11 along the pyramidal piles (Fig. 7) is made of internal dimensions of a variable magnitude, increasing in the direction along their length from bottom to top in accordance with the broadening of the trunk of the pile, and broadening 4, 5 , 11 are made in one horizontal plane (figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) or at different levels (figures 15, 16, 17 , 18, 19, 20) along the height of the trunk, and the broadening - 5 of the rhomboid cross-section 2 (Fig. 15, 16, 17,18) is made in the form of truncated polyhedral prismatic disks 9 located in pairs about in the same plane relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry 7 alternating with pair of broadening disks 9 stepwise from the opposite side of the axis of symmetry 7, moreover, when performing the broadening 11, 5, separately (Fig.5, 6, 7, 8, 9) with the shaft of the disk pile 12 are made of triangular section or in the form of polyhedral prisms 9 (Fig. 15, 16) of reinforced concrete, plastic or metal. Separately made disks 12, 9 with the barrel are either fastened together on the bolt-on bolt connections 13 (Figs. 5, 6, 15, 16) or are made by tight pairing with pyramidal piles (Fig. 7) or by monolithic 14 between the disks 12 and prismatic piles (Fig. 8) and the lower broadening mated in the upper part of the tip (the tip of the pile) 15 is made conical 16 (Fig. 2, 11).

 Pile for landslide works as follows.

 An example of the operation of a pile of the trunk of which is made in a diamond-shaped cross section with cast-in-place broadening disks (Figs. 17, 18).

 On a pile containing a diamond-shaped 2 trunk and at the same time broadening 5 in the form of truncated polyhedral prismatic disks 9 arranged in pairs in the same plane relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry 7 and alternating with paired disks, broadenings 9 stepwise from the opposite side of the symmetry axis 7 and oriented by the vertical axis of symmetry 6, in the direction of landslide forces, these forces exert pressure, trying to deform the pile, however, the pile is in a stable state, due to a significant decrease landslide pressure forces due to the impact on the inclined faces of the rhomboid 2 trunk of the flowing stream of landslide water-saturated weak soil, while the broadening disks 5 made by truncated polyhedral prisms 9 increase the plane of flow around the soil, causing an additional decrease in landslide pressure, which in turn are opposite to the sides of the rhomboid 2 equipped with broadening disks 5 of truncated polyhedral prisms 9 provide soil jamming between piles and involve passive soil resistance e about the planes, holding the pile in a stable state, the inclined faces also contribute to the decrease in the active soil pressure, from the side of the soil pressure of the widening disks 5, made with a slope towards the landslide forces, in addition, the creeping soil between the widening disks 5 is jammed due to the inclined lower and upper faces adjacent to the height of the broadening disks 5, in turn, the presence of broadening disks 5 in the form of prisms 9 ensures the stability of piles in the vertical direction, avoiding upsetting of piles, excluding negative e friction as an important factor in the stability of a pile and increase its bearing capacity under vertical loads due to the involvement of a prismatic passive high-pressure resistance created by broadening disks 5 with their lower inclined faces, in addition to the indicated soil located between the broadening disks 5, affects the pile body (trunk) 2 reduced weighting due to the inclination of the upper face of each broadening disk 5 towards the head of the pile shaft 2, the other component of the weight loading is directed from the pile shaft 2, contributes to the resistance of the movement of the pile 2 in the vertical direction, the presence of broadening disks 5 increases the lateral surface of the pile, and therefore the resistance along the lateral surface, in addition, the indicated increase the frontal resistance of the pile, due to the involvement of the holding forces in the work with the inclined lower faces of each of the disks -replacements of 5 piles arranged along the height, in addition to the tip of the 15 piles.

Using the proposed technical solution will allow:
- to solve the problem of building on weak water-saturated clay, sandy soils of important national economic importance with the possibility of developing new territories previously not to be built;
- solve the problem of securing landslide slopes, by means of pile fixing them with the proposed design in versions on soft soils;
- the design of piles significantly increases the bearing capacity and their stability both vertically and horizontally due to:
a) involving passive repulse horizontally;
b) increased resistance of piles along their lateral surface;
c) increase in the frontal surface along the intermediate disc-broadening;
d) the involvement of prismatic vertical passive resistance of the soil;
d) reducing the active pressure of the soil, especially with a diamond-shaped outline of the pile and with ovoid;
f) compression of the pile with jamming it due to a given orientation of the disk expanders;
- use piles and pulling loads;
- abandon the traditional methods of stabilization of landslide water-saturated slopes with weak soils;
- increase the operational reliability of structures from piles of the proposed design;
- the design of piles significantly reduces negative friction due to widening disks;
- allows you to increase the resistance to movement of piles due to the decomposition of forces from the soil located between the disks into components, while vertical forces reduce the pressure on the pile due to the impact on the inclined upper part of the trapezoidal prism of the broadening disk and the other component of the weight load is directed from the pile towards the adjacent pile of soil, causing additional resistance to movement of the pile;
- to reduce the pressure of landslide soil forces due to the adopted configuration and orientation of the body of piles and broadening disks adopted in vertical running-in;
- the location of the widening disks in steps of FIGS. 15, 16, 17, 18 ensures that the creeping soil between the disks is stuck due to the last configuration;
- the location of the expander disks at a given distance, taking into account their configuration, promotes layer-by-layer disintegration of landslide soil along the pile height and partial mutual extinction of landslide soil forces due to inclined adjacent faces of broadening disks;
- allow to produce piles in conventional formwork with the option of separate manufacture of the body of piles and broadening disks;
- the use of stringable broadening disks on pyramidal piles will provide compression of the disks with the body of the pile when they are driven;
- the use of stringable broadening disks on square piles with mating disks with the body of the pile by monolithic concrete or mortar will ensure reliable interaction of the latter without reconfiguring the formwork of square piles;
- increase the reliable operation of civil buildings and structures erected on landslide slopes and guarantee the stabilization of landslides, especially on soft soils (muddy, silty, sandy, clayey and water saturated, at the same time).

Claims (2)

 1. A pile for anti-landslide structures on weak soils, including a reinforced concrete trunk with broadening made in one piece with the trunk or separately with a rigid mount to the trunk, characterized in that the trunk is made square, rhomboid or ovoid in plan, prismatic, prismatic or prismatic and broadening - in the form of disks of a trapezoidal constant or variable section, located symmetrically with respect to both axes of symmetry at the vertices of a square or rhomboid-shaped section of the trunk or symmetrically relative along the vertical plane of symmetry of a square, rhomboid or ovoidal section of the trunk, or broadening is made in the form of sector elements or in the form of truncated polyhedral prisms, or in the form of broken trapezoidal prisms of constant cross section, located at two opposite vertices of the square cross section of the trunk, alternating in height with broadening in the form of broken trapezoidal prisms of constant cross section, located at two other opposite vertices of the square section of the trunk, or broadening is made in the form rapezoidal prisms of variable cross section with a plane of symmetry extending along the mid horizontal plane, moreover, with an ovoidal cross section of the trunk, the broadening is made in the form of disks directed in the same direction or opposite to the cross section of the barrel, the broadening along the pyramidal pile is made by internal dimensions of a variable magnitude increasing in the direction along their length from bottom to top in accordance with the broadening of the pile shaft, moreover, the broadening is made in one horizontal plane or at different levels along the height of the trunk, and the broadening of the trunk the rhomboid section is made in the form of truncated polyhedral prismatic disks located pairwise in the same plane relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry and alternating with paired broadening disks in steps on the opposite side of the axis of symmetry, and when doing broadening separately from the pile shaft, the disks are made of triangular section made of reinforced concrete, plastic or metal.  2. The pile according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower broadening is made with their conical end on the edge of the pile.

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