RU2029829C1 - Collapsible buildings of pyramidal type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: collapsible buildings are used as temporal dwellings during natural calamities, wrecks, accidents and also for persons forced to migrate due to national differences. Collapsible buildings are used as tourist bases, rest houses, camping-sites, shift workers houses in many industries, geological expeditions buildings, medical service buildings, drugs shops and laboratories, different offices, establishments and so on. Special feature of collapsible buildings is that, being fully industrially manufactured and packed, they are erected and put into operation within one day time in case there is enough number of mounting mechanisms and motor transport functions accurately. Collapsible buildings are produces by metalwork industry and, depending on assignment, are made of different comfort, for example, with parquet floor, high quality wallpaper, lincrust and so on, as on modern tourist motor ships. Building length depends on number of three meter width sections in a set. For example, four-storey building, assembled of 20 sections of 60 m length each, has space of 2400 sq. m useful area, five-storey building - 3320 sq. m. Collapsible building is made of three types of joints, multiplied by number of sections, and of two butt outer fence structures. Each section of building has transportable supporting metallic or reinforced concrete plate, collapsible in packs sections and folding intersection partitions. Collapsible in pack section has stairs or corridor block, outer side fence of broken staple-shaped form and storey floors. In the case, all members are hinged to each other, butts in operational state are automatically self-thickened. During erection only adjacent butts of sections are linked by undetachable bolts, transforming building in vast rigid structure, suitable for use in any seismic and climate region of the world. Folding cupboards, tables, chairs, beds with set of bedclothes, medicine chests etc. EFFECT: collapsible buildings of pyramidal type are used as temporal dwellings in case of natural calamities, wrecks, emergency situations for civil and industrial purposes. 15 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction, namely to folding tent-type buildings of lightweight construction.

 A folding tent-type building is known, made of sections, each of which includes inclined floor panels of half-panels pivotally attached to inclined panels, as well as end panels (1).

 The disadvantages of the known building are the complexity of installation and dismantling with increasing number of storeys, the large mass of the building structure and foundations caused by struts and stresses.

 A folding tent-type building is known, made of sections, each of which includes inclined panels articulated in the ridge, floor panels of articulated semi-panels articulated to inclined panels, as well as end panels, along the axis of symmetry equipped with rod rods passing through articulated connection points for half-panels and with rim-height hinges for stopping hinged nodes and a trough-like ridge element with mounting loops at the upper end, overlapping the converging ends of the inclined pa firs, as well as frame rotary panels of the inclined panels with a middle overlap attached to the hinge axis, connected at the bottom by means of eyes to form a stiffening element of triangular cross section, each half panel of the lower overlap is folding from two articulated parts, the inside of which are pivotally connected to frame rotary panels, and the individual sections that make up the building are pulled together by cords (2).

 The disadvantages of this building are the lack of stairs located inside the building, intersectional partitions with door and without doorways partitions, as a result of which it is impossible to obtain rooms, apartments, as well as window sills, balconies, base plates (foundations); relatively low utilization rate.

 The aim of the invention is to increase operational reliability, strength, simplifying the design and improving the manufacturability of useful area, its utilization rate.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the folding building contains ordinary (intermediate) base plates with inclined gangway parts at the ends, end base plates with gangway parts on three sides, folding into a transportable section package, intersection folding partitions and end folding into a fence package with balcony doors , windows and folding balconies, and the folding sections are made of three types, two sections with stair elements differing in landings, located dix at different levels, with a first entryway situated at half floor second level intermediate floors, the third type packet shape in section is characterized by having intermediate floors.

 Folding sections with staircases in a package contain a block composed of two walls with doors that are connected by staircases installed at half the height of the floors and at the level of floor floors, to which semi-marches with fencing and railings are attached. On top of the walls of the staircase are rigidly fastened with a gable roof with cornices, a ridge element, exhaust pipes, a deflector and a cargo loop. Niches are made at the level of the upper overlap on the outside, and guide channels are attached between them and the bottom of the cornices, a number of eyes are attached at the level of the middle overlap, and support tables with locking tabs are made at the level of the lower floor level, from the end faces of the block are attached through certain distances (gaps) are fixed bolts, and on the supporting part (bottom) are fixed supporting corners (traverse) with fixed mounting bolts. Each folding section, except for the staircase and corridor blocks, contains lateral enclosing panels made across the width of the staircase and corridor blocks, has a broken stapled shape with floor windows and shutters connected to each side by a common adjustable link, driven by a lever on the roof of each fence moreover, the upper part of the fence is made inclined according to the angle of inclination of the roof of the staircase and corridor blocks within the three upper floors-inclined, within the lower (first) vertical floor Flax. At the level of each floor, openings are made, filled with glazed window blocks, and on the inside, at the floor level, there are eyes, and floor panels are pivotally attached to these eyes, which are attached at the other ends: the upper panels are supported in the niches of the walls of the staircase, corridor blocks, the middle floor panels they are pivotally attached to the blocks, and the lower floor panels are supported and fixed on the supporting console tables. In addition, the lower panels are kinematically pivotally connected by flat rods directly adjacent to intersectional partitions or end wall panels, and on top the rod is articulated to the eyes of the blocks of the middle row of floor panels, which forms a parallelogram system in the joint between the blocks, ceilings and side wall panels, providing a change in the shape of the parallelogram during installation and dismantling of the folding section. At the lower connection of the rods with the floor panel parallel to the symmetry axis of the building, suspended partitions are pivotally attached in folding sections with ladder blocks. Floating fixed bolts are made on two joining sides of each folding section section evenly along the length of the floor panels and the side enclosing panels for the manufacturability of mounting adjacent sections, intersection partitions, end fencing.

 Intersectional partitions and end outer fences are made of separate floor-mounted transportable elements articulated between each other by double-hinged earrings that slide into the working position of the building, inside the adjacent lower element, and on the ridge part as well as on the intersectional partitions, a cargo (mounting) loop is made or a welded screw bush with a screw plug for fixing a removable eyebolt.

 New is that the folding building is made with stairs connected to the corridors and rooms, for which the sections folding into the package are made of three types, distinguished by stair blocks of a rigid spatial structure composed of side walls with staircase doors and a half-maroon with fences and railings, moreover in the first type, the landing is made at the level of the middle of each floor, and the second type is with the landing at the level of floors, the third type of block is made with floors iyami the entire width of the section, the top of each unit performed with a gable roof eaves, within the upper floor from the sides near ends of the guides are made, for example, channel section, and at the lower overlap with the outer side formed with a retainer supporting tables. Staircase and corridor blocks are installed on the corresponding base plates, combining the axis of symmetry of the blocks with the axis of symmetry of the base plates, and are bolted. The lateral enclosing panels have a broken staple shape, with the upper part in the working position corresponding to the angle of inclination of the roof of the staircase corridor blocks, the area within the upper three floors is made inclined from vertical with a slope of up to 20 degrees, the fence within the lower (first) floor is made vertical, and on the upper corners of the enclosing panels, sliders or rollers are made, interacting with the guide channels on the staircase and corridor blocks.

 The specified set of features allows to achieve the goal of the invention. Therefore, it is essential and useful. The specified combination meets the criteria of the invention "significant differences".

 The specified combination was not found either in the scientific and technical, or in the patent literature. Therefore, it meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 Figure 1 shows a folding building from the front side; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1 (in the staircase); figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1 (along the corridor block); in FIG. 4 is a view of a stacked section with a corridor unit in a transport position; figure 5 - section bb in figure 2; Fig.6 is a staircase with platforms in the middle of the floor; 7 is a view along arrow G in FIG. 6; on Fig - staircase with platforms at the level of floors; in FIG. 9 is a view along arrow D in FIG. 8; figure 10 - corridor block; figure 1 is a view along arrow E in figure 10; on Fig - section FJ in fig. eleven; in Fig.13 is a section ZZ in Fig.11; on Fig - section II in figure 10; on Fig - section KK in figure 10.

 The folding building contains ordinary (intermediate) base plates 1, end base plates 2, folding into a package of section 3 type I, folding into a package of section 4 type II, folding into a package of section 5 of type III, intersection folding into a package of partition 6 and end folding into enclosure package 7.

 An ordinary base plate 1 has oblique blind areas 8 from the end sides, and a channel 9 with an elastic gasket between the shelves and the wall is attached to the entire width of the base plate at the boundary between the horizontal floor and the blind portion 8.

 The end base plate 2 has inclined blind areas 10 on three sides and attached channel beams 9 at the boundary of the floor with the end blind parts.

 The folding section 3 package consists of a staircase 11 with staircases at half floor level, external side fences 12, floor floors 13-15, respectively, of the upper, middle, lower tiers, suspension partition 16 and rods 17.

 The staircase block 11 contains two side walls 18 with utilities inside it (water supply, sewage, heating, electricity, gas, radiotelephone and telephone) a gable roof 19 with eaves overhangs 20. On the ridge part of the roof 19 there are exhaust pipes 21 with deflectors, on top of which a cargo bracket or an eye bolt 22 is attached. Walls 18 are fastened together by staircases, upper 23, middle 24, lower 25 and support traverse 26, which provide the staircase block 11 with greater spatial rigidity. The ascending 27, descending 28 half-marches with fences and handrails 29 are attached to the staircases and walls 18. On the outside of the walls 18 there are made at the level of overlap 13 niches 30, at the level of overlap 14 a row of eyes 31, at the level of overlap 15 supporting tables 32 with clamps. Between the eaves overhangs 20 and niches 30, vertical guides 33 are made.

 The outer side fences 12 are made with window openings, have a cross-section in the shape of a bracket, consist of three straight sections, the upper section in the working position of the building corresponds to the angle of inclination of the roof of the staircase and should provide the transport dimension when the section 3 is folded up, the middle section - inclined, lower section within the first floor - vertical. In the inflection between the inclined and vertical sections, a cornice 34 is made.

 Folding section 4 consists of a staircase 35 with staircases 36-38, located at the level of floors. Doors 39 are made on the areas of the platforms in the walls 18. The remaining features correspond to those of the folding section 3.

 Folding section 5 of the package differs from sections 3 and 4 in that instead of the staircase block is installed corridor block 40 with floor floors 41-43.

 The inter-sectional folding partition 6 is made of rectangular floor-mounted elements that are uniformly decreasing in length with an isosceles trapezoidal shape, articulated between each other with double-hinged earrings that can be folded into one transportable bag (not shown), because this design is described in many early applications).

 The end-folding fence 7 consists of floor elements articulated by double-hinged earrings, differs from the intersection partition by the thickness of the insulating layer, the presence of windows, balcony doors and folding balconies.

 Installation, dismantling of a folding building is carried out in the following sequence.

 Using the appropriate load-carrying capacity and the crane boom, leveled and sealed according to the leveling marks, the mounting plates 1 and 2 are mounted. Depending on the number of sections of the building to be mounted and the number of crane means, the building is installed from the end of the building or from its middle. If the installation of the building is carried out from the middle, then the installation of the building with the appropriate number of installers will be doubled, since the installation will be carried out in two directions simultaneously to the ends. When mounting the base plates, special attention is paid to joining, aligning the axes of symmetry, joining the channels 9 in one line with the gaskets, combining the floors of two adjacent base plates in one horizontal plane.

 After installing, for example, the 6th, 15th base plates 1 of twenty sections of the building (3x20 = 60 m long), they begin installation of the folding section 5 with the corridor blocks 40, the tenth or eleventh section from either end (end) of the building. In this case, mounting cranes are located on the axis of symmetry of the mounted base plates 1 on the wooden shield linings in order to simultaneously additionally seal the base and synchronous deformations of the group of adjacent base plates.

 The folding sections 5, 4, 3 for technological installation are located on both sides perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the building to be mounted on racks with trolleys and with mounting loops facing the cranes, which will allow space between sections of about 3 m, where they will be located on the racks intersection partitions 6. The last for folding section 4 with the ladder block 35 will be located end folding in the package of the fence 7.

 After sprinkling with the first crane for the mounting loop, take folding section 5 of the package in a vertical position. Moreover, all the elements of the section are still in the folded position. On a weight of not more than 5-10 cm from the floor of the base plate 1, for example, the tenth section, they orient and use the installers to pull the outer side rails to the sides, and when they reach 3-5 degrees from the vertical, lower the crane hook until the rollers touch the bottom of the outer side rails with the floor of the base plate 1. With further lowering of the crane hook due to the horizontal component of the mass of the section that most folds into the package, all of its elements, gradually expanding, will automatically take their working position. The joints between the base plate 1 and the folding section 5 in the package are automatically self-sealing in the channels 9.

 After the installation of the first folding section 5 package, the two cranes simultaneously install the intersection partitions 6, combining the mounting holes with fixed bolts evenly spaced along the contact line of the elements of the folding section 5 package and fix the partition so that it holds reliably temporarily. After checking the conformity of the adjacency to the project, both cranes install the folding section 5 into the ninth and eleventh sections of the building and achieve alignment of the fixed floating bolt holes on the intersection partitions. Evenly spacing the maximum number of workers along the entire fastening line, tighten the joint with bolts until it is completely sealed. Following this, two subsequent intersectional partitions 6 are installed, and then simultaneously two folding sections 5 and so on, alternating until the second and nineteenth sections, until the building is 48 m long. They are mounted behind the folding sections 4 and the intersectional partition 6 folding section 3 with ladder blocks, and a staircase with platforms, marches and fences is formed. After the installation of the first three sections folding into a package 5 during the sealing of intersection joints, the connectors of water, heating, sewer and gas distribution pipes, as well as electrical, radio and television, telephone connectors are docked. In the bathrooms, appliances are connected. The last to be mounted are the end-folding fences 7 with balconies.

 If utilities (water supply, sewage, gas, electricity) are located within 50, even 100 m from the building, the connection must be made on the day the building is installed.

 Dismantling of a folding building is carried out in the reverse order of installation, with loading onto a vehicle, or the building is folded onto shelving and protected from the weather by a special tent.

 The technical and economic advantages of the proposed technical solution are to simplify the construction of the building; spatial rigidity increases, which allows using in the most active seismic regions of the country; communication between floors improves, fire safety of people increases operational reliability and usable area.

Claims (6)

 1. FOLDING BUILDING OF A TENT TYPE, including folding transportable sections installed on foundations, each of which consists of inclined enclosing panels with windows, articulated with panels of floor floors, a vertical power element, to which panels of floor floors, mounting loops are attached from opposite sides, end panels, characterized in that each vertical power element is made in the form of a volumetric block formed by a gable roof with cornices, an exhaust pipe with a reflector and a mounting loop fixed to them on top, having doors with side walls rigidly connected to a gable roof, and a traverse uniting the walls at the bottom, while the three-dimensional section blocks are made of three types, two of them are equipped with staircases with a guardrail and staircases forming a staircase the cage when connected, and the third type of block has additional floor panels, rigidly connected to the side walls, and the inclined enclosing panels are made in a broken shape with the upper an inclined section corresponding to the slope of the roof of the volume unit, and a lower vertical section with an overhang, which is a continuation of the middle part of the inclined enclosing panels, with each volume unit being provided with guides from channels for moving the top of the inclined sections, and rectangular niches with lower supporting ones are made at the level of the bottom of the guides side.  2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundations are made in the form of base plates with gangway parts located for end plates on three sides, and for ordinary ones on two sides.  3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with intersectional partitions with openings and doors.  4. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the end panels are folding and have windows and folding balconies.  5. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with partitions with doors suspended to the ceilings.  6. The building under item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a visor for windows.

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