RU2020117084A - Деталь, содержащая защитное покрытие с постепенно меняющимся составом - Google Patents

Деталь, содержащая защитное покрытие с постепенно меняющимся составом Download PDF

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RU2020117084A
RU2020117084A RU2020117084A RU2020117084A RU2020117084A RU 2020117084 A RU2020117084 A RU 2020117084A RU 2020117084 A RU2020117084 A RU 2020117084A RU 2020117084 A RU2020117084 A RU 2020117084A RU 2020117084 A RU2020117084 A RU 2020117084A
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layer
gradually changing
aluminum
silicon
changing composition
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RU2770128C2 (ru
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Люк БИЯНШИ
Пьер САЛЛО
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Claims (24)

1. Механическая деталь (1), содержащая, по меньшей мере частично, композитный материал с керамической матрицей, причём указанный композитный материал покрыт, по меньшей мере локально, по меньшей мере одним защитным слоем (2) для защиты от разрушающих воздействий окружающей среды, отличающаяся тем, что защитный слой (2) содержит слой (3) покрытия с постепенно меняющимся составом, при этом указанный слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом содержит по меньшей мере один материал фазы МАХ кремния и один материал фазы МАХ алюминия, при этом слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом простирается в защитном слое (2) между первой высотой (h3) относительно механической детали (1) и второй высотой (h4) относительно механической детали (1), причём состав слоя (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом на первой высоте (h3) не содержит алюминия, состав слоя (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом на второй высоте (h4) не содержит кремния, при этом промежуточная высота (h), расположенная между первой высотой (h3) и второй высотой (h4), имеет состав, содержащий алюминий и кремний, причём доли алюминия и кремния постепенно изменяются в слое (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом в зависимости от положения промежуточной высоты (h), при этом доля алюминия возрастает по мере приближения промежуточной высоты (h) ко второй высоте (h4).
2. Механическая деталь (1) по п. 1, отличающаяся тем, что доли алюминия и кремния изменяются линейно в зависимости от промежуточной высоты (h) в слое (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом.
3. Механическая деталь (1) по п. 1 или 2, отличающаяся тем, что сумма молярных пропорций кремния и алюминия является постоянной независимо от положения промежуточной высоты (h) в слое (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом.
4. Механическая деталь (1) по любому из пп. 1-3, отличающаяся тем, что слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом содержит материалы фазы МАХ Ti3AlC2 и Ti3SiC2.
5. Механическая деталь (1) по любому из пп. 1-4, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит:
подслой (4), по существу содержащий кремний, толщина которого составляет от 10 до 100 мкм,
слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом, толщина которого составляет от 50 до 500 мкм, с замещением кремния алюминием при удалении от детали с интенсивностью от 0,1 до 0,4 ат. %/мкм;
генерирующий слой (6), толщина которого составляет от 10 до 300 мкм, по существу состоящий из Ti2AlC, образующий оксид алюминия на поверхности при его окислении, для повышения стойкости во влажной окружающей среде;
слой (7) оксида алюминия;
барьер (8) от окружающей среды из керамики, имеющий толщину от 50 до 1000 мкм, выполненный с возможностью ограничения переноса между наружной окружающей средой и деталью (1).
6. Механическая деталь (1) по любому из пп. 1-4, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит:
подслой (4) из кремния, толщина которого составляет от 10 до 100 мкм,
слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом, толщина которого составляет от 50 до 500 мкм, с замещением кремния алюминием при удалении от детали с интенсивностью от 0,1 до 0,4 ат. %/мкм;
генерирующий слой (6), толщина которого составляет от 50 до 300 мкм, по существу состоящий из Ti2AlC, образующий оксид алюминия на поверхности при его окислении;
слой (7) оксида алюминия.
7. Механическая деталь (1) по любому из пп. 1-4, отличающаяся тем, что она дополнительно содержит:
слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом, толщина которого составляет от 50 до 500 мкм, с замещением кремния алюминием при удалении от детали с интенсивностью от 0,1 до 0,4 ат. %/мкм;
генерирующий слой (6), толщина которого составляет от 50 до 300 мкм, по существу состоящий из Ti3AlC2, выполненный с возможностью образования оксида алюминия на поверхности при его окислении;
слой (7) оксида алюминия.
8. Способ (9) нанесения по меньшей мере одного защитного слоя (2) на механическую деталь (1), при этом защитный слой (2) содержит по меньшей мере один слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом, причём способ (9) включает в себя следующие стадии:
нанесение слоя (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом путём термического напыления веществ, образующих этот слой (3),
отличающийся тем, что слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом содержит по меньшей мере один материал фазы МАХ кремния и один материал фазы МАХ алюминия, причем слой (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом получают путем нагнетания в устройство (11) термического напыления, с одной стороны, частиц материала фазы МАХ алюминия и, с другой стороны, частиц из материала фазы МАХ кремния, при этом материал фазы МАХ алюминия постепенно замещает собой материал фазы МАХ кремния в зависимости от высоты нанесённого слоя.
9. Способ (9) нанесения по меньшей мере одного слоя материала на деталь (1) по п. 8, отличающийся тем, что частицы материала фазы МАХ алюминия и материала фазы МАХ кремния представляют собой порошки Ti3AlC2 и Ti3SiC2, суспендированные в растворителе в двух отдельных контейнерах, при этом суспензии Ti3AlC2 и Ti3SiC2 затем нагнетают в контролируемой пропорции в плазму (10), выполненную с возможностью нагрева и напыления суспензий материала фазы МАХ на деталь (1), образуя при этом покрытие.
10. Способ (9) нанесения по меньшей мере одного слоя материала на деталь (1) по п. 9, отличающийся тем, что растворитель представляет собой водный или неводный растворитель, выполненный с возможностью ограничения образования оксидов из частиц Ti3AlC2 и Ti3SiC2, для ограничения присутствия оксидов в слое (3) с постепенно меняющимся составом.
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