RU2018119678A - Непрерывный способ проведения реакций с тонкопорошковыми дисперсиями щелочных металлов - Google Patents
Непрерывный способ проведения реакций с тонкопорошковыми дисперсиями щелочных металлов Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- RU2018119678A RU2018119678A RU2018119678A RU2018119678A RU2018119678A RU 2018119678 A RU2018119678 A RU 2018119678A RU 2018119678 A RU2018119678 A RU 2018119678A RU 2018119678 A RU2018119678 A RU 2018119678A RU 2018119678 A RU2018119678 A RU 2018119678A
- Authority
- RU
- Russia
- Prior art keywords
- use according
- mono
- paragraphs
- synthesis
- mixtures
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006657 acyloin condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/80—Siloxanes having aromatic substituents, e.g. phenyl side groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/70—Spray-mixers, e.g. for mixing intersecting sheets of material
- B01F25/74—Spray-mixers, e.g. for mixing intersecting sheets of material with rotating parts, e.g. discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0825—Preparations of compounds not comprising Si-Si or Si-cyano linkages
- C07F7/0827—Syntheses with formation of a Si-C bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/06—Preparatory processes
- C08G77/08—Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/60—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
- B01J2208/00752—Feeding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
- B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
- B01J2219/00033—Continuous processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
- B01J2219/00166—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
- B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Claims (10)
1. Применение устройства для проведения непрерывных химических реакций для осуществления взаимодействия тонкопорошковых дисперсий щелочных металлов в инертных растворителях.
2. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что в качестве указанного устройства используется реактор с вращающимися дисками.
3. Применение по п. 1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что в качестве щелочного металла применяется литий, натрий, калий, их смеси и/или сплавы.
4. Применение по одному из пп. 1-3, отличающееся тем, что химический процесс представляет собой синтез Вюрца.
5. Применение по п.4, отличающееся тем, что в качестве реагентов для синтеза Вюрца применяются моно-, ди- или полифункциональные галогенсодержащие соединения элементов IV-ой главной группы.
6. Применение по п. 4 или 5 для получения линейных, разветвленных и циклических углеводородов из моно-, ди- или полифункциональных органических галогенсодержащих соединений и их смесей синтезом Вюрца.
7. Применение по п. 5 или 6 для получения полисиланов, в частности, поликарбосиланов, из моно-, ди- или полифункциональных галогенсиланов и их смесей.
8. Применение по одному из пп. 1-3, отличающееся тем, что химический процесс представляет собой ацилоиновую конденсацию.
9. Применение по п.8, отличающееся тем, что в качестве реагентов для указанной ацилоиновой конденсации используются органические сложные моно-, ди-, три- или полиэфирные соединения.
10. Применение по одному из пп. 1-9, отличающееся тем, что указанный реактор с вращающимися дисками имеет присоединенную ниже по потоку камеру для выдерживания.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015221529.6A DE102015221529A1 (de) | 2015-11-03 | 2015-11-03 | Kontinuierliches Verfahren für Reaktionen mit feinteiligen Alkalimetall-Dispersionen |
DE102015221529.6 | 2015-11-03 | ||
PCT/EP2016/075956 WO2017076744A1 (de) | 2015-11-03 | 2016-10-27 | Kontinuierliches verfahren für reaktionen mit feinteiligen alkalimetall-dispersionen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
RU2018119678A true RU2018119678A (ru) | 2019-12-05 |
RU2018119678A3 RU2018119678A3 (ru) | 2019-12-05 |
RU2728775C2 RU2728775C2 (ru) | 2020-07-31 |
Family
ID=57208301
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
RU2018119678A RU2728775C2 (ru) | 2015-11-03 | 2016-10-27 | Непрерывный способ проведения реакций с тонкопорошковыми дисперсиями щелочных металлов |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10494486B2 (ru) |
EP (1) | EP3371248A1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP6850810B2 (ru) |
KR (1) | KR102567309B1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN108431092B (ru) |
AU (1) | AU2016349664B2 (ru) |
DE (1) | DE102015221529A1 (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2728775C2 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2017076744A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109384932A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-26 | 北京瑞思达化工设备有限公司 | 一种连续生产碳化硅基陶瓷先驱体聚甲基硅烷的工艺 |
CN118221506A (zh) * | 2024-05-22 | 2024-06-21 | 天津凯莱英医药科技发展有限公司 | 一种连续化偶姻缩合的方法 |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB896301A (en) * | 1958-10-06 | 1962-05-16 | Napier & Son Ltd | Synthetic organosilicon resins and manufacture thereof |
GB1070851A (en) * | 1963-08-14 | 1967-06-07 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Continuous process for sodium dispersions |
DE2705563C2 (de) * | 1977-02-10 | 1982-10-14 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von hochviskosen Polydiorganosiloxanen |
JPS54117441A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1979-09-12 | T Hasegawa Co Ltd | Preparation of 2-hydroxy-2-cycloalken-1-ones and their intermediates |
US4276424A (en) * | 1979-12-03 | 1981-06-30 | Petrarch Systems | Methods for the production of organic polysilanes |
US4324901A (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1982-04-13 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Soluble polysilastyrene and method for preparation |
US4783516A (en) | 1983-03-31 | 1988-11-08 | Union Carbide Corporation | Polysilane precursors containing olefinic groups for silicon carbide |
EP0230499B1 (en) | 1984-08-28 | 1991-07-03 | Nippon Mining Company Limited | Process for preparing macrocyclic ketones |
EP0303616A1 (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1989-02-22 | ZEIGLER, John M. | Methods for the synthesis of polysilanes |
JPS63243054A (ja) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-07 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | 大環状ケトンの製造法 |
FR2642080B1 (fr) | 1989-01-23 | 1992-10-02 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Polysilanes et leur procede de preparation |
JP2736916B2 (ja) | 1989-03-14 | 1998-04-08 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | シベトンの製造法 |
JP3087921B2 (ja) | 1991-12-02 | 2000-09-18 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | 大環状ケトンの製造方法 |
DE69421007T2 (de) | 1993-06-18 | 2000-01-27 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbleitermaterials |
JPH08120082A (ja) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-05-14 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | ポリシランの製造方法 |
CN1048989C (zh) * | 1995-10-17 | 2000-02-02 | 中国石油化工总公司 | 多官能团有机碱金属引发剂及其合成方法 |
GB9903474D0 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 1999-04-07 | Univ Newcastle | Process for the conversion of a fluid phase substrate by dynamic heterogenous contact with an agent |
GB9920152D0 (en) | 1999-08-25 | 1999-10-27 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Novel process |
DE10028754A1 (de) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-13 | Clariant Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alkoholischen Lösungen von Alkalialkoholaten |
GB2366564A (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-13 | Procter & Gamble | Preparation of Esters and Amides |
JP4254371B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-19 | 2009-04-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 金属ナトリウム分散体による有機塩素化合物処理装置の起動・停止方法 |
US20070167596A1 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2007-07-19 | Travis Hein | Method of making branched polysilanes |
US7683142B2 (en) | 2005-10-11 | 2010-03-23 | Xerox Corporation | Latex emulsion polymerizations in spinning disc reactors or rotating tubular reactors |
EP1862477B1 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2013-03-06 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Process for preparing hydrogenated nitrile rubbers |
JP4654450B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-09 | 2011-03-23 | エム・テクニック株式会社 | 有機化合物の製造方法 |
DE102009015470A1 (de) | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallnanopartikeln und auf diese Weise erhaltene Metallnanopartikel und ihre Verwendung |
JP2013081570A (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-05-09 | Akira Suzuki | Pcbの無害化処理方法 |
DE102012212365B4 (de) | 2012-07-13 | 2021-05-20 | Bjs Ceramics Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polysilans |
DE102012223260A1 (de) | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | Sgl Carbon Se | Hochmolekulares Polysilan und dessen Herstellungsverfahren zur Produktion präkeramischer Formkörper |
CN103508869B (zh) | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-22 | 昆山力田医化科技有限公司 | 2-苄基环戊酮的合成方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-11-03 DE DE102015221529.6A patent/DE102015221529A1/de active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-10-27 AU AU2016349664A patent/AU2016349664B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-27 KR KR1020187012136A patent/KR102567309B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-10-27 JP JP2018543433A patent/JP6850810B2/ja active Active
- 2016-10-27 EP EP16787873.5A patent/EP3371248A1/de active Pending
- 2016-10-27 RU RU2018119678A patent/RU2728775C2/ru active
- 2016-10-27 WO PCT/EP2016/075956 patent/WO2017076744A1/de active Application Filing
- 2016-10-27 CN CN201680063034.2A patent/CN108431092B/zh active Active
- 2016-10-27 US US15/771,768 patent/US10494486B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2016349664A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
AU2016349664B2 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
KR20180079315A (ko) | 2018-07-10 |
DE102015221529A1 (de) | 2017-05-04 |
RU2728775C2 (ru) | 2020-07-31 |
WO2017076744A1 (de) | 2017-05-11 |
US10494486B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
CN108431092B (zh) | 2021-03-02 |
JP2018536029A (ja) | 2018-12-06 |
KR102567309B1 (ko) | 2023-08-16 |
RU2018119678A3 (ru) | 2019-12-05 |
JP6850810B2 (ja) | 2021-03-31 |
CN108431092A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
EP3371248A1 (de) | 2018-09-12 |
US20180346655A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2019524913A5 (ru) | ||
JP2015191199A5 (ru) | ||
WO2016049344A3 (en) | Polysilocarb based silicon carbide materials, applications and devices | |
JP2019508220A5 (ru) | ||
RU2018119678A (ru) | Непрерывный способ проведения реакций с тонкопорошковыми дисперсиями щелочных металлов | |
HUE060670T2 (hu) | Eljárás fémek, ritka fémek és ritkaföldfémek koncentrátumának elõállítására alumínium-oxid Bayer-eljárással való elõállításának gyártási maradékaiból, vagy az említett maradékok kémiai összetételéhez hasonló anyagokból, és a kapott koncentrátum tisztítására | |
EA201791287A1 (ru) | Способ фишера-тропша, проводимый с применением активированного восстановлением катализатора на основе кобальта | |
Matsukevich et al. | Synthesis and adsorption properties of nanostructured powders Mg (OH) 2 and MgO | |
RU2016151165A (ru) | Алмазная элементарная ячейка и алмазная масса, полученные комбинаторным синтезом | |
Xiang et al. | Problems of Lithium Isotope Research in Salt Lake Study. | |
Liu | Showcasing research from Yunling Liu’s Laboratory/State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, College of Chemistry, Changchun 130012, PR China | |
Vyatkin et al. | Development of zinc, tin, and lead recovery process from secondary technogenic raw materials | |
王小军 et al. | Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition of a Heat-resistance Explosive Potassium Salts of 5, 5′-Bistetrazole-1, 1′-diolate | |
YU et al. | RECOVERY OF LITHIUM FROM BRINE BY CONTINUOUS CENTRIFUGAL EXTRACTION | |
MX2015017399A (es) | Proceso para la preparación de grafeno decorado con nanopartículas de óxidos metálicos a partir de grafito en un sistema de mezclado en fase líquida. | |
张敏 et al. | Synthesis and Properties of Hydroxylammonium 2-Dinitromethyl-5-nitrotetrazolate | |
Podbolotov et al. | SYNTHESIS OF CERAMICS WITH PYROCHLORE STRUCTURE FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF ACTINIDE-CONTAINING WASTE | |
RU2013119080A (ru) | Способ получения защитных покрытий на изделиях из углеродсодержащих материалов | |
Vladykina et al. | Age and seasonal variability of essential oil composition in Picea abies L. Karst | |
Billing | MS79. P02 | |
Nosov et al. | Separation of mixtures by a combination of crystallization and continuous distillation processes using heat pumps | |
FAN et al. | NOVEL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ON SOLVENT EXTRACTING BORON FROM SALT LAKE BRINE | |
Kletskov et al. | Substituted N-[isoxazol (isothiazol)-3-yl (methylene) methyl] arylamines: synthesis, palladium complexes and their catalytic activity in water media | |
杜仕国 et al. | Preparation of TiO 2/CNT Composite Particles and Application in the Photo-catalytic Degradation of TNT Wastewater | |
Marks | MS48. O06 |