RU2015156138A - Регенерация устройства снижения токсичности отработавших газов - Google Patents

Регенерация устройства снижения токсичности отработавших газов Download PDF

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RU2015156138A
RU2015156138A RU2015156138A RU2015156138A RU2015156138A RU 2015156138 A RU2015156138 A RU 2015156138A RU 2015156138 A RU2015156138 A RU 2015156138A RU 2015156138 A RU2015156138 A RU 2015156138A RU 2015156138 A RU2015156138 A RU 2015156138A
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filter
oxygen
regeneration
active regeneration
toxicity
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RU2015156138A
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English (en)
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RU2015156138A3 (ru
RU2709398C2 (ru
Inventor
Кристин Кэй ЛАМБЕРТ
Дуглас Аллен ДОБСОН
Джеймс Роберт УОРНЕР
Джеймс Дэвид ПАККО
Джеффри Скотт ХЕПБЁРН
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Форд Глобал Текнолоджиз, Ллк
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Publication of RU2015156138A3 publication Critical patent/RU2015156138A3/ru
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F01N3/0293—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust injecting substances in exhaust stream
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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    • F02D41/0295—Control according to the amount of oxygen that is stored on the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416—Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
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    • F01N2900/1624—Catalyst oxygen storage capacity
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Claims (43)

1. Способ для устройства снижения токсичности отработавших газов, содержащего каталитический нейтрализатор и фильтр, включающий:
пассивную регенерацию фильтра; и
регулирование, с помощью контроллера, продолжительности активной регенерации фильтра в зависимости от емкости по кислороду устройства снижения токсичности отработавших газов.
2. Способ по п. 1, также включающий:
определение количества твердых частиц, скопившихся в фильтре; и
активную регенерацию фильтра, если количество твердых частиц превышает пороговое или равняется ему.
3. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что пассивная регенерация фильтра включает окисление твердых частиц, скопившихся в фильтре, используя запас кислорода в устройстве снижения токсичности отработавших газов.
4. Способ по п. 1, также включающий:
активную регенерацию фильтра, если температура в фильтре превышает температуру регенерации фильтра или равняется ей; и
повышение температуры отработавших газов, если температура в фильтре ниже температуры регенерации фильтра.
5. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что активная регенерация фильтра включает инициацию отсечки топлива в режиме замедления.
6. Способ по п. 5, также включающий увеличение продолжительности отсечки топлива в режиме замедления для пополнения, по меньшей мере, части запаса кислорода в устройстве снижения токсичности отработавших газов.
7. Способ по п. 1, также включающий определение емкости по запасу кислорода устройства снижения токсичности отработавших газов на основании показания первого датчика кислорода и показания второго датчика кислорода.
8. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что активная регенерация фильтра включает увеличение подачи избыточного кислорода в устройство снижения токсичности отработавших газов.
9. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что активную регенерацию фильтра прекращают, если установлено, что пороговое количество твердых частиц, скопившихся в фильтре, было окислено, при этом способ также включает, после прекращения активной регенерации фильтра, пассивную регенерацию фильтра с использованием кислорода запасенного в устройстве снижения токсичности отработавших газов, образовавшегося в устройстве снижения токсичности отработавших газов в результате активной регенерации фильтра.
10. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что каталитический нейтрализатор представляет собой трехкомпонентный каталитический нейтрализатор, а также тем, что фильтр представляет собой фильтр бензинового двигателя твердых частиц.
11. Способ для устройства снижения токсичности отработавших газов, содержащего каталитический нейтрализатор и фильтр, включающий:
пассивную регенерацию фильтра; и
регулирование, с помощью контроллера, продолжительности активной регенерации фильтра в зависимости от емкости запаса по кислороду устройства снижения токсичности отработавших газов; и
регулирование воздушно-топливного отношения после завершения активной регенерации в зависимости от фактического уровня запаса кислорода.
12. Способ по п. 11, отличающийся тем, что регулирование воздушно-топливного отношения включает обеднение топливно-воздушной смеси для увеличения количества избыточного кислорода в фильтре.
13. Способ по п. 11, отличающийся тем, что активную регенерацию фильтра выполняют в случае превышения или достижения порогового количества твердых частиц, скопившихся в фильтре, при этом активная регенерация включает отсечку топлива в режиме замедления.
14. Способ по п. 11, отличающийся тем, что активная регенерация включает первый этап, на котором скопившиеся в фильтре твердые частицы окисляют с использованием запаса кислорода в устройстве снижения токсичности отработавших газов, и второй этап, на котором запас кислорода по меньшей мере частично пополняют.
15. Система двигателя, содержащая:
двигатель;
устройство снижения токсичности отработавших газов, выполненное с возможностью приема отработавших газов из двигателя, при этом устройство снижения токсичности отработавших газов содержит:
каталитический нейтрализатор;
фильтр твердых частиц; и
один или несколько материалов-накопителей кислорода с возможностью накапливать кислород,
контроллер двигателя, содержащий процессор и запоминающее устройство на машиночитаемом носителе, содержащее инструкции, исполняемые процессором для:
определения количества твердых частиц, скопившихся в фильтре твердых частиц;
пассивной регенерации фильтра твердых частиц с использованием запаса кислорода, содержащегося в одном или нескольких материалах-накопителях кислорода;
активной регенерации фильтра твердых частиц с использованием избыточного кислорода, полученного от двигателя, если количество твердых частиц выше порогового или равняется ему; и
регулирования продолжительности активной регенерации в зависимости от емкости запаса по кислороду одного или нескольких материалов-накопителей кислорода.
16. Система двигателя по п. 15, отличающаяся тем, что каталитический нейтрализатор и фильтр твердых частиц расположены в соответствующих корпусах отдельно друг от друга, и
тем, что один или несколько материалов-накопителей кислорода внедрены либо в пористое оксидное покрытие каталитического нейтрализатора, либо в пористое оксидное покрытие фильтра твердых частиц, либо и в то, и в другое пористое оксидное покрытие.
17. Система двигателя по п. 15, отличающаяся тем, что каталитический нейтрализатор и фильтр твердых частиц установлены совместно в едином корпусе и имеют пористое оксидное покрытие, содержащее один или несколько материалов-накопителей кислорода.
18. Система двигателя по п. 15, отличающаяся тем, что каталитический нейтрализатор содержит пористое оксидное покрытие каталитического нейтрализатора,
причем фильтр твердых частиц содержит пористое оксидное покрытие фильтра, и
причем по меньшей мере часть одного или нескольких материалов-накопителей кислорода внедрена в пористое оксидное покрытие фильтра, при этом данная часть одного или нескольких материалов-накопителей кислорода заменяет по меньшей мере часть инертного материала пористого оксидного покрытия фильтра.
19. Система двигателя по п. 18, отличающаяся тем, что часть одного или нескольких материалов-накопителей кислорода практически равна замененной части инертного материала с тем, чтобы не увеличить вес фильтра твердых частиц.
20. Система двигателя по п. 18, отличающаяся тем, что один или несколько материалов-накопителей кислорода включают Ce-Zr и
тем, что инертным материалом является Al2O3.
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