RU2013914C1 - Device for preseeding treatment of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has mixing chamber 3 provided with hydrodynamic emitters 4 which are operated in developed cavitation. The emitters are installed on supporting ring in one plane that is perpendicular to changing device 1. The chamber 3 has charging device 1 made as dismountable sphere, is located in intake capacity.. One of spheres is made net-shaped. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for integrated treatment of seeds before sowing.

 A known installation for processing seeds of various crops, in which the seed material is treated with a solution of trace elements and hydraulic shocks. Seed germination during this treatment reaches 96% (priority from 01/14/80). The installation contains a bath for the solution of microelements, to the bottom of which a water hammer emitter with two tungsten electrodes installed in parallel is connected through the membrane wall. The seeds to be processed are immersed in a bath with a solution of trace elements. A voltage is supplied from a high voltage source to two tungsten electrodes located in parallel in the center of the emitter. Between them there is an electric discharge and, as a result, a hydraulic shock. Processing is carried out for 1 min with pulses every 10 s. Seed germination during such treatment reaches 96%, however, the installation is not technologically advanced due to the need to use a high voltage source in a water bath and does not allow to process a large amount of seed material.

 There is also known an installation for the integrated treatment of seeds before sowing, including: a working container with windows for outputting a light fraction in the upper part, a screw enclosed in a casing with a bell, in the upper part of the working chamber there is a device for flushing seeds into a bell, made in the form of a pipe with nozzles. In the lower part of the auger on the shaft and casing mounted fingers of the grinding device to align the size of the seeds. Seeds in the specified device are sorted, polished, aligned in size.

 The disadvantage of this device is that it is intended only for a certain seed crop, moreover, it is not intended to stimulate the germination energy. Such treatment does not allow to overcome the hardness of seeds of individual crops.

 Closest to the proposed invention is a plant for pre-sowing seed treatment using the principle of seed treatment by hydraulic shocks in the aquatic environment. The installation includes: a hydrodynamic mixer, which is a mixing chamber equipped with a hydrodynamic emitter with guiding grids to ensure a cavitation effect, a hopper with a screw device that feeds seeds into the nozzle zone, and a receiving tank.

 The pressure in the hydrodynamic mixer is created using a pump. Seeds are fed at a speed of 0.1-0.4 kg / s at a water pressure of 3-10 atm. Processing is carried out one or more times to overcome the hardness of the seed coat. Plant productivity is about 0.3 t / h.

 However, the design of the screw groups of the installation gives failures and stops in operation and leads to crushing of seeds and their mechanical damage, requires additional energy costs, while some of the seeds that were in the wall part of the chamber are not processed, which leads to a decrease in the quality of processing of seed.

 The objective of the present invention is to provide a plant for pre-sowing seed treatment intended for small and farms, rental units, ensuring the alignment of any seed by maturity, size, germination energy.

 According to the invention, the developed installation comprises a mixing chamber equipped with a loading device, and at least 3 hydrodynamic emitters operating in the developed cavitation mode, located on the support ring in one plane perpendicular to the axis of the loading device. The camera is made in the form of a detachable sphere, placed together with the emitters on the support ring in the receiving tank. The loading device is equipped with a flow reflector made in the form of a half-toroid for smooth flowing around the outlet of the loading funnel and installed inside the mixing chamber. The receiving tank and the hydrodynamic emitters are interconnected through a suction pipe with a filter pipe. The upper hemisphere of the mixing chamber is mesh and the lower is equipped with an unloading shutter.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device, a General view; in FIG. 2 - installation options for hydrodynamic emitters.

 The device comprises a loading funnel 1, a flow reflector 2, a mixing chamber 3, consisting of 2 hemispheres, hydrodynamic emitters 4, a support ring 5 with a mounting device 6, an unloading shutter 7, a receiving tank 8, a filter 9, a pump 10, a discharge pipe 11 .

 Hydrodynamic emitters 4 are installed on the support ring 3 in the amount of 3-6 pieces in one plane. In FIG. 2 shows possible installation options. Hydrodynamic emitters can be installed both outside and inside the ring. The flow reflector serves to return the flow of water directed against the flow of seeds.

 Installation works as follows. The required amount of water is poured into the container 8, which is determined by the amount of material being processed and usually depends on the flow rate of the pump unit for five or more seconds (for example 25-50 l) and turns on the pump 10. The installation pumps water for 1-3 minutes to activate and saturate the water oxygen at a pressure of supplied water of 3-10 atm. In this case, the pH changes upward. After that, the prepared seeds are poured into the loading funnel 1, from where they are subjected to their own weight and into the mixing chamber formed by two hemispheres 3, where they are processed by massive hydraulic shocks arising from cavitation created by hydrodynamic emitters 4. The liquid flows through the mesh hemisphere during processing the receiving tank 8 and is pumped by the pump 10 through the inlet filter 9. At the end of the work, the pump 10 is turned off, the mixing chamber is removed from the tank 8, the seeds are shaken out t. The mesh size of the mesh from which the mixing chamber hemisphere is made depends on the size of the seeds being processed and can be replaced if necessary.

 When processing seeds with low hardness and large quantities of seeds (more than 3-5 kg), work is carried out with a weak plug 7, while part of the flow with seeds passes through the hole and is collected outside the mixing chamber in a receiving container, for example, in a mesh bag.

 The closed loop of the fluid movement allows to reduce the flushing of the dressing chemicals from the pickled seeds, and to accurately dose water during seed treatment.

 Hydrodynamic emitters, providing a flow with developed cavitation, support cavitation phenomena in the hemisphere cavity. The cavitation phenomenon is a process of mass growth and subsequent collapse of air bubbles with the appearance and propagation of shock waves in a fluid, accompanied by an increase in pH and temperature at the collapse site. At the same time, the pores of the seed peel are opened, microchannels break through, where due to the capillary effect, water saturated with oxygen begins to flow intensively. The liquid emerging from the hydrodynamic emitter, due to the collision of the jets, scatters in different directions.

 To prevent the penetration of liquid into the loading funnel 1 with dry seeds, a reflector 2 is installed, made in the form of a half-toroid adjacent to the body. The radius of the feed hopper 1 can be larger or smaller, depending on the flowability of the seeds, which is also an element of regulating the speed of seed supply.

 Seed treatment time can vary from 1-3 s to 3 or more minutes. In the receiving container, the seeds remain in the water for 4-6 hours for more saturation with water. By the end of this time, the sprout has grown. Seed processing time depends on the quality of the seeds and their size. For hard stone seeds (alfalfa, cotton, gladia, sumy) the processing time can be increased. For seeds with a softer skin (soy, buckwheat, amaranth, tomatoes), the time spent by the seeds in the mixing chamber of the receiving tank can be reduced, for which a plug is removed in the lower hemisphere 3, part of the seed flow passes into the receiving tank 8. This allows the seeds to be processed continuously by adding seeds to the feed hopper. For hard stone seeds, the stub is put in place and the treatment time is set after experimental studies. In view of the fact that the chamber can accommodate up to 3-5 kg of seeds, and the processing time is maximum 5 minutes, including unloading, the productivity can vary over a wide range from 0.1 kg / min to 50 kg / min. With continuous operation and the use of a receiving tank of a larger volume, productivity can be significantly increased.

 In the table. 1, 2 presents the results of laboratory studies and small-plot experiments to determine the germination of seeds. As can be seen from the presented results, the intensity of seed germination increases 2-10 times depending on the culture, moreover, the plants give a well-developed root system.

Claims (2)

 1. DEVICE FOR PRESEEP SEED TREATMENT OF SEEDS, comprising a mixing chamber equipped with a hydrodynamic emitter operating in the developed cavitation mode, a loading device, a receiving tank and a pipe connecting the receiving tank with a hydrodynamic emitter through the suction pipe, characterized in that the mixing chamber is made in the form of a detachable sphere and is equipped with at least two additional hydrodynamic emitters located on it in one plane perpendicular to the axis of the loading the first device by the support ring, dividing the chamber into upper and lower hemispheres, with the loading device is provided mounted within the mixing chamber as a flow deflector semi-toroid.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper hemisphere of the camera is mesh and the lower one is equipped with an unloading shutter.

Images