RU2007975C1 - Device for training ametropic eye - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has a mechanism for fixing a patient's head, test-object holder, correction lens. The device is characterized in that the correction lens for correcting patient's ametropia and controllable optic assembly for offsetting an image of the test-object in the patient's eye are sequentially arranged between the mechanism for fixing the patient's head and test-object holder. EFFECT: widened application range of the device and reduced dimensions. 6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medical equipment, in particular to devices for training ametropic eyes. It can be used to treat myopia, farsightedness, relieve visual fatigue that accumulates during visually-intense operations, for example, when mounting radio circuits, working on a computer.

 A known device for training ametropic eyes, containing a device for fixing the patient’s head, the holder of the test object located at a distance from this device, and means for changing the position of the image of the test object in the patient’s eye relative to the retina. In the known device, the means for changing the position of the image is made in the form of guides and a carriage interacting with them, which is the holder of the test object associated with the drive of its movement along the guides connected to the output of the control unit.

 A known device with real overall dimensions can only be used to treat patients with moderate and high myopia.

 The aim of the invention is to expand the scope of the device and reduce its overall dimensions.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for training ametropic eyes, containing an adjustable optical unit in the form of a set of interchangeable lenses; in FIG. 2 - the same, with an adjustable optical node in the form of an eyepiece-lens system; in FIG. 3 - the same, with two deflecting mirrors; in FIG. 4 - a device for the case of training binocular vision; in FIG. 5 is a graphical depiction of a training program for a child patient with myopia, where accommodation of the patient’s eye (in diopters) is plotted along the ordinate axis, and time (s) along the abscissa axis; in FIG. 6 is a graphical depiction of a programmatic change in the convergence of the patient’s lines of vision in time, where time (s) is plotted on the abscissa axis, and on the ordinate-convergence axis (in metro angles).

 The device for training the ametropic eye (Fig. 1) contains a device 1 for fixing the patient’s head, made in the form of a height-adjustable support, holder 2 of the test object 3, for example, a book located at a distance from the device 1 and so that the book is in the field the patient’s vision when his head rests on the device 1. The holder 2 is mounted on a carriage 4, which is mounted with the ability to move along the guides 5 in the direction of approaching to the patient or away from him. The carriage 4 is rigidly connected to the output element of the drive 6 connected to the output of the program control unit 7.

 The device also contains a lens 8 for correcting the patient’s own ametropia and an adjustable optical unit 9 for shifting the image of the test object in the patient’s eye relative to the retina located on the same optical axis between the patient head fixation device 1 and the test object holder 2. In this version of the device, the adjustable optical unit 9 is made in the form of a set of interchangeable lenses 10 and a frame 11 fixed between the correction lens 8 and the holder 2 of the test object and adapted to install one of the lenses 10 in it for the selection of spectacle lenses.

 A set of interchangeable lenses 10 may include, for example, three lenses 10 of different optical powers, each intended for the treatment of patients of the corresponding age group: +4.75 D for the treatment of myopia in children, +3.75 D for the treatment of myopia in adolescents and + 2.75 D for the treatment of myopia in adult patients.

 The kit may contain a larger number of lenses 10 with their finer gradation in diopter.

 In the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, unlike the apparatus of FIG. 1, the adjustable optical unit 9 'is made in the form of a coaxially positive eyepiece 12 and a negative lens 13 and a device 14 for varying the focal length of the eyepiece-lens system connected to the output of the program control unit 7.

 The device 14 can be made, for example, in the form of a worm pair, the nut of which is rigidly connected with the lens 13 or with the eyepiece 12, or with an additional lens mounted between the stationary lens 13 and the eyepiece 12 with the possibility of movement between them, and the screw is rigidly connected to the exit the drive shaft connected to the control unit 7.

 The device shown in FIG. 3, unlike the device of FIG. 2, additionally between the optical node 9 'and the holder 2' of the test object 3 contains two optically interconnected mirrors 15 and 16, which realize a double reflection of the optical axis of the device (shown by a dash-dot line). Mirrors 15 and 16 are located at such a distance from one another and are oriented at such angles that the patient’s line of sight (shown by a dashed line) and the optical axis of the device after double reflection by mirrors 15 and 16 intersect at one point 17 on a horizontal plane from the patient’s eye at a distance convenient for working close to (33 cm). The test object is horizontal, the carriage is not shown.

The device depicted in FIG. 4, is intended for training binocular vision and contains two identical optical channels I and II, the optical axes of which intersect in the plane of the test object 3 at point 18. Each of the optical channels I and II contains a lens 8 of intrinsic ametropia correction located in series on the same optical axis patient, a prism 19 with a variable angle of deviation of the rays, in this example, a double Herschel prism and an adjustable optical node 9 ¹ . The drive 20 of the synchronous movement of the elements of the prism 19 Herschel in channels I and II is connected to the block 7 of the program control. The device 14 in this embodiment of the device is also configured to synchronously change the focal length of the eyepiece-lens system 9 ¹ in both optical channels I and II.

 A device for training ametropic eyes works as follows.

Consider the operation of the embodiment of the device depicted in FIG. 1, for the treatment of myopia. The patient sits at the table on which the device is located. A replaceable lens 10 is installed in the frame 11, which corresponds to the age of the patient, and the patient puts on glasses - lens 8 of the correction of ametropia proper. Then the patient rests his chin on the device 1 for fixing the head and adjusts it in height so that the lens 8, lens 10 and the middle of the page of the book installed in the holder 2 are on the same optical axis, which coincides with the line of sight of the eye to be treated. A shutter is placed in front of the patient’s second eye. They supply power to the control unit 7 and turn it on to the "myopia" mode. In this case, the carriage 4 with the holder 2, in which the book is fixed, is installed at the maximum distance from the patient’s eye, where you can still read the text of the book with some tension (the so-called further clear point of view, where accommodation is zero; point 21 in Fig. 5 ) After that, press the "Start" button on the control unit 7 and offer the patient to read a book. The control unit 7 provides, at equal time intervals t ₁ (FIG. 5), for a smooth approximation of the book to the eye over time t ₂ to point 22 in FIG. 5, keeping the book for a time t ₃ at this distance where the eye muscles rest (at this point 22 accommodation equals 4 diopters), and then smoothly removing the book over a period of time t ₄ to a point located slightly further than the further point (point 23 in Fig. 5). Such movements of the book cause massage movements of the lens of the patient’s eye and these movements are carried out in accordance with the program incorporated in the control unit 7 once or twice in one cycle.

 The approximation of the book depending on the selected interchangeable lens 10 causes a lens reaction of 4 diopters for early childhood, 2 diopters for adolescents and 1 diopter for adult patients. Moreover, for all ages, the magnitude of the mechanical approximation of the book is the same - approximately 90 mm.

 In the process of reading the book (the further point) is gradually removed for children during one lesson (45 min) in terms of dioptricity - by I diopter for myopia reduction (point 24 in Fig. 5), for adolescents - by 0.5 diopter; for adults - by 0.25 diopters. And in this case, for all ages, mechanical removal of the book is the same (about 60 mm).

 After 45 minutes, the electrical circuit by the control unit 7 is automatically turned off. To continue treatment, you need to return the scheme to the zero position and again move the book to the maximum distance where reading is still possible. Restart the start button and repeat the treatment for another 45 minutes. This can be done repeatedly, but it is better to carry out the treatment alternately from the left to the right eye.

 The improvement in vision that occurs during treatment is most often noticeable immediately - the eye sees more clearly in the distance. However, in some cases, this improvement occurs only after 1-2 hours. To obtain lasting results, treatment with the device of FIG. 3 should be carried out regularly, preferably daily.

 To prevent relapse, it is advisable in the future to carry out home reading of books using the same device. At the same time, the doctor must change and give points for weaker ones so that they do not inhibit the treatment of myopia.

 Consider the operation of the same version of the device for the treatment of farsightedness. Treatment is also performed alternately with the left or the right eye, but block 7 is switched to the "farsightedness" mode. The patient is also sitting at the table on which the device with the book is placed, puts on glasses for distance and inserts an interchangeable lens 10 (positive or negative) into the holder, which corresponds to the age. Next, the book with the holder 2 along the guides 5 approaches the patient’s eye at the minimum distance at which it is still possible to read the text. Turns on the electrical circuit by pressing the "start" button.

 In the process of reading, the book is removed from the eye at regular intervals - while the muscle of the lens relaxes from tension. Then the book approaches the eye, but at a distance closer than before removal. The scheme is designed to reduce hyperopia in a child by 2 diopters within 45 minutes, in a teenager by 0.5 diopters, and in an adult by 0.25 diopters.

 If in the process of treating hyperopia, the book will come so close to the eye that the text will no longer be different - you need to insert a weaker interchangeable lens (for an older age) into the holder, return the scheme to zero, bring the text back to the eye with readability and turn on the device again .

 Consider the operation of the device depicted in FIG. 2. The patient sits down at the table, puts on his glasses - lens 8 corrects his own ametropia (myopia or hyperopia, astigmatism) for distance; puts the readable text in the center of the field of view of the device, sets the control unit 7 to zero division and presses the button for its age and the mode button (myopia, hyperopia), adjusts the optical system for clarity according to the instructions (for myopia, reading should be carried out at a further point of clear view, farsightedness - at the nearest point). If the device does not have its own light source, the book should be well lit with a table lamp. Turn on the device in work. The text is read with one eye, the second is closed by a shutter.

 In some cases, on the advice of a doctor, eye training (lesson) is performed in less than 45 minutes. In this case, each time you need to set the device to zero division of the control unit and adjust the clarity according to the instructions.

In this device, the holder 2 with the book is stationary. Lens muscle massage and gradual medical removal of the text image plane from the retina of the eye (with nearsightedness) during reading is carried out by the device’s optoelectronic system - an adjustable optical unit 9 ¹ by changing the focal length of the lens-eyepiece system with device 14 according to the law stored in the block 7 controls.

 If during the treatment the reading of the text becomes impossible due to confusion, you need to return the device to the zero position (set the control unit 7 to zero and re-adjust the clarity according to the instructions) and press the button for an older age. Then continue reading.

 The device shown in FIG. 3 operates in the same way as described for the device in FIG. 2, with the only difference being that the book is conveniently located on the surface of the table as in normal reading. This allows you to do useful work close to the eye during the training process - drawing, editing, and so on, since the table surface is at a distance of 33 cm that is convenient for such work from the patient’s eye. This solution of the device allows you to use a cheaper optical unit with a small field of view, so as the distance from the book along the optical axis of the device is 670 mm

 The binocular reading device shown in FIG. 4, works as follows. The patient occupies a comfortable position at the table on which the reading device is located, puts on his ametropia correction glasses for distance, sets a lamp to illuminate the book and places text in front of the device.

Setting the device before use differs from the monocular version in that it is necessary to adjust both optical channels I and II according to the instructions for sharpening, as well as to set the double Herschel prisms 19 to their initial position. Reading the text is carried out as usual, and the control unit 7 will regulate the optical power of each channel (I, II), causing a corresponding reaction of the eye (lens muscle massage and gradual movement of the image plane from the retina), as well as a change in the angle of deviation of Herschel prisms 19 so that during the reading period, at a further point of clear view, the visual lines of both eyes would be parallel to each other or even slightly diverged, as shown in FIG. 4 by a dashed line (for inclusion of divergent disaccommodation - for therapeutic purposes). During the massage of the muscles of the lenses, the double prisms 19 provide the appropriate accommodation for the convergence of the visual axes. In FIG. Figure 6 shows the effect of the device on patient convergence over time. The patient reads the book at a further point of clear view for 180 s (accommodation is zero, convergence is absent and even weak is included - 1/3 metro angle - divergence). Then the optical system changes its refractive parameters (optical power) so that the eye (to see the text) must turn on short-term accommodation (turn-on time t ₅ = 2-5 s, reading during this accommodation (for a child - 4 diopters) during time t ₆ = 2-5) s, off time of accommodation t ₇ = 2-5 s. Simultaneously with the change in optical power in each of the two channels I, II, the setting of prisms 19 and, therefore, the characteristics of the entire binocular system also change, requiring the elimination of the convergence of the visual axes proportional to accommodation (i.e. 4 metro angles for the child).

 After completing one cycle, the device comes into a state that causes both eyes to slightly diverge and disaccommodate, that is, for a clear reading, each eye should slightly reduce its refraction, reduce myopia.

 The cycle is repeated several times in a row and the power of disaccomodation increases, that is, the refraction decreases. After about 45 minutes, in a child, refraction decreases by 1 diopter, in a teenager - 0.5 diopter, in an adult - 0.25 diopter. (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1479072, cl. A 61 F 9/00, 1985.

Claims (6)

 1. DEVICE FOR TRAINING OF THE AMETROPIC EYE, containing a device for fixing the patient’s head, a holder of the test object and a means for changing the position of the image of the test object in the patient’s eye relative to the retina, characterized in that, in order to expand the scope of the device and to reduce its dimensions, between the head fixation device and the test object holder on one optical axis, a patient’s own ametropia correction lens is sequentially installed and up to olnitelnoe means of an adjustable optical assembly changing position of the image of the test object into the patient's eye.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the adjustable optical unit is made in the form of a set of interchangeable lenses and a frame with the possibility of installing one of the lenses in it for a set of spectacle lenses coaxially with the correction lens, while the frame is fixed, and the holder is a test -object - movingly.  3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the kit includes three lenses: + 4.75D - for children, + 3.75D - for adolescents, + 2.75D - for adult patients.  4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the adjustable optical unit contains an eyepiece, a lens and a device for varying the focal length of the eyepiece-lens system, while the holder of the test object is stationary.  5. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that between the eyepiece and the holder of the test object there are two mirrors optically interconnected, oriented so that the patient’s line of sight and the optical axis of the device after double reflection by its mirrors intersect at one point on the horizontal plane located at a distance from the patient’s eye, convenient for working near.  6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains a second optical channel identical to the first, the optical axis of which intersects with the optical axis of the first channel in the plane of the test object, with a prism with a variable deflection angle being additionally installed in each channel.

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