EA013804B1 - Myopia prevention instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to instruments for myopia prevention in use for reading and writing, comprising a support (1), a once plane reflecting mirror (4), a quadratic plane reflecting mirror (11) and a visual hole (7). The once plane reflecting mirror (4) directly reflects the ray of the object in the visual field, and the total length of the optical path (S=S1+S2+S3) is greater than or equal to 300mm, but is less than 5000 mm. Lens or lenses group are installed at the eyeglass. This invention has broad eyeshot and strong suitability; using it, eyes will not fag easily, read-write is nature, work or study time can be prolong; it can prevent and cure myopia effectively, can enhance prevention and cure effect according to specific crowd or individual myopia degree and the viewing-object distance and angle of sight line can be modified. It is convenient and flexible, it can correct sitting gesture and prevent cervical vertebra disease. It is especially suitable to long-term short-distance read-write people.

Description

The present invention relates to simulators used in physiotherapeutic eye treatment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The inventor of the present invention has developed an optical reading device (patent СЫ 2451083Υ), comprising a lens barrel with two reflection curves, a peephole in the upper end hole of said frame and a magnifying lens mounted in the lower end hole of the frame. An optical reading device uses the laws of optics to increase the distance between the eye and the observed object and is very effective, however, due to the limitations associated with the long rim of the lens, the device has such disadvantages as a small field of view, inconvenience of use, causing eye fatigue, weak therapeutic and preventive effects. In addition, since the magnifying lens located at the bottom of the device has strict requirements for the distance from it to the observed object, this imposes significant restrictions and creates inconvenience for users. In addition, the difference in user vision is not taken into account, which does not allow achieving the ideal therapeutic and preventive effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is to provide a device for the prevention of myopia, used in reading and writing, with a wide field of view and sufficient adaptability, providing less exposure to eye fatigue, increasing the time of work or study, effectively treating and preventing myopia and especially suitable for adolescents.

The basic technical construction of the present invention is described below. A device for the prevention of myopia, used in reading and writing, contains a support, a first flat reflector, a second flat reflector and an eye, characterized in that the first flat reflector reflects light coming directly from an object located in the field of view, and the full length of the optical path 8 = 81 + 82 + 83 is greater than or equal to 300 mm, but less than 5000 mm. The aforementioned device for the prevention of myopia can have one or two fields of view, which helps to adapt and rest the eyes, depending on the difference in the angles of rotation of the flat reflectors. The aforementioned myopia prevention device may also have a shielding hood in which the first and second flat reflectors are located, while the field of view can be increased. To increase the prophylactic and therapeutic effect, the eye can be equipped with a lens or a set of lenses.

The optical power P of a lens or a set of lenses can be calculated by the following equation: p = 1 / u + A + b, where and is the given total optical path length (8), A is the degree of myopia, and B is the degree of defocus.

The optical power P of the aforementioned lenses or a set of lenses can be from 2 to 0.75 Oe. be fixed and suitable for different people who use glasses for the correction of myopia, for the prevention and treatment of myopia when reading and writing, and this is usually 0.5-1.3 m, and B is 0-1.5 O.

For ease of use and adjustment, the adjusting mechanism for moving the shielding hood up and / or down and / or turning it, the adjusting mechanism for rotating the second flat reflector and the adjusting mechanism for moving up and / or down and / or turning the first flat reflector. To achieve a more natural reading and writing process, the angle between the central axis of the eye and the horizontal plane is preferably 10-40 °. To correct a sitting position and prevent cervical syndrome in the aforementioned myopia prevention device used in reading and writing, forehead and / or chin stops can be provided, and the position of these stops can be adjusted.

Device for the prevention and treatment of myopia

The study of myopia in China and around the world has developed many different views on the prevention and treatment of myopia. However, due to the lack of a generally accepted effective way of prevention and treatment in this area, there is still no certainty.

The present invention corrects certain views and provides a patentable mechanism for the prevention and treatment of myopia.

1. The opinion that myopia is an insurmountable consequence of human evolution or depends on genetic factors is fundamentally wrong. According to Darwin's theory, evolution is a long process, and most cases of myopia are currently found only in the second or third generation and are not progressive, so the onset of myopia determines the nature of the visual load and the conditions for vision, and not human evolution or genetic factors. Our ancestors read less and wrote less and lived in an environment with wide spatial boundaries, so most of them had normal vision or small farsightedness.

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The rapid civilization of modern people has brought a large number of objects that need to be viewed from a short distance with an insufficiently wide field of view, which leads to an abnormal development of vision over a long distance and excessive development of vision over a short distance. Therefore, myopia occurs after one or two generations and can be cured or prevented if long-term observation at a short distance is avoided and the conditions for observation at a long distance are created.

With the present invention, it is possible to replace observation at a short distance with observation at a long distance, achieving opposite results for the fundamental prevention and treatment of myopia.

2. The opinion that the natural development of human vision is an inevitable process of transition from long-range vision to normal vision and short-range vision, and once the short-sightedness has arisen is irreversible, is one-sided. Newborns by nature have long-range vision, and they have to constantly adjust their eyes to achieve normal vision, which is due to the peculiarity of the development of visual function. Such environmental conditions ensure the development of normal vision in them, however, its too early development leads to increased stimulation of vision at a short distance and load on it, which causes myopia. Thus, the process of vision at a short distance is determined by environmental conditions, the requirements for vision when observed at a short distance determine the adaptation and development of vision at a short distance, which causes myopia. On the contrary, in the case of myopia, one can practice long-range observation to promote the development of normal vision at the stage of vision development. The regulation provided by long-distance observation is called reverse regulation. Such a change may determine the likelihood of farsightedness. From anatomy it is known that the human eyes have control muscles that control the movement of the eyes when observing at short and long distances, for example, the pupil dilator, therefore, long-distance observation requires reverse regulation and promotes the transition to long-range vision.

3. Measures for the treatment and prevention of myopia include the management of spasm, the use of an optical nerve stimulation stimulator, diet therapy, and the regulation and control of eye growth rate. Surgical treatment includes changing the optical power of the cornea by applying a laser to it, as well as strengthening the sclera behind the eyeball. All these methods do not take into account the fact that the cause of myopia is long-term observation at a short distance, so they are not the main methods of treatment and prevention of myopia. The laser effect on the cornea is aimed at correcting vision, and not at preventing myopia. The main focus of treatment and prevention of myopia is to improve the conditions for vision and change the nature of the visual load when observed at a short distance.

4. The view that myopia is due to excessive eye strain and eye fatigue and that myopia can be prevented from getting rid of eye fatigue is one-sided. Moreover, the view that myopia is due to eye fatigue is incorrect. Analysis of the structure of the human eye shows that the eye can clearly distinguish between objects located at a great distance depending on the range of accommodation of the optical power of the lenses. If the normal adult eye does not focus on a fixed object during myopia of empty space or night myopia, the optical power of the lenses is the optical power with the resulting balanced regulatory power of the supporting ligament and ciliary muscle. At this point, the eyes are in a relaxed state, and the regulatory force is minimal. The experiment shows that vision in a relaxed state with a minimum regulatory force provides an observation distance of 0.7-2 m rather than infinity, so the eyes are less prone to fatigue at such small distances. Eyes get tired during prolonged observation at a large and at a short distance, however, only eye fatigue caused by observation at a short distance can cause myopia. The development of myopia can be slowed by removing this type of fatigue.

The present invention includes an adjustable viewing distance device. By selecting appropriate distances for different eyes, they provide less exposure to eye fatigue, reducing the likelihood of myopia occurring and developing. Moreover, if the device is configured for a long observation distance, the eyes are in a state of reverse regulation of the observation distance, that is, myopia can be treated even if there is some eye fatigue.

The following describes the design principle of the device of the present invention. The onset and development of myopia is undoubtedly associated with the long-term adaptation of the eye, convergence and visual perception from a short distance. Given these three aspects, myopia can be prevented by changing the nature of the visual load, avoiding observation at short distances, practicing observation at long distances, or using the laws of optics to achieve the same effects. From the analysis of the visual physiological mechanisms of the human eye, it follows that when a person looks into the distance naturally, the ciliary muscle used in accommodation for observation at a short distance is relaxed, the convergence of the eyes is reduced, the absolute depth is increased, which

- 2 013804 provides surveillance of objects located far away. These three physiological mechanisms are consistent with each other, the inconsistency of at least one of them can lead to disruption to some extent of the visual physiological mechanisms and thus cause discomfort. The present invention was created in accordance with physiological mechanisms. On the one hand, the optical path is lengthened due to the second flat reflector, providing the user with the perception of the object as distant, increasing the absolute depth of field (reducing the absolute visual difference) and reducing or eliminating visual perception at a small distance. On the other hand, the lens is designed so that its optical power replaces the optical power of accommodation when observing at a short distance in order to reduce or eliminate the regulation for observation at a short distance or spasm of the ciliary muscle, and the convergence of the eye is reduced by using a flat mirror, lens and prisms for changing the visual axis. In addition, if the observed object, such as small print, is difficult to distinguish due to the small viewing angle caused by the distance of the flat mirror, the nearsighted user may see a fuzzy image. In this case, to increase the angle of view or correct vision, you can use a lens or a set of lenses that make it easy to view the object, for example, read the small print, which increases adaptability for long reading and writing.

The combination of a flat mirror, a lens and a prism in the present invention provides an optical design with sufficient adaptability, which can be used to prevent observation at a short distance and to activate observation at a long distance. The advantages of the present invention include a wide field of view, sufficient adaptability, and providing less exposure to eye fatigue. The present invention can extend the time of work or study, effectively prevent and treat myopia, increase the therapeutic effect in accordance with different degrees of myopia in humans, has the ability to adjust the viewing distance and viewing angles, is convenient to use and can correct a sitting position, prevent cervical syndrome and especially useful for teens, being used in reading and writing. A more detailed description of the present invention is based on the following embodiments of the invention, however, these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

In FIG. 2 is a right side view of the embodiment of FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In FIG. Components 1 and 2 are indicated by the following item numbers: 1 - support, 2 - adjustment mechanism that provides up and / or down movement and rotation of the support bracket, 3 - button for adjusting up and / or down movement and rotation of the first flat reflector in a vertical strut 5 4 - the first flat reflector, 6 - emphasis for the forehead, 7 - eye, 8 - lens or set of lenses, 9 emphasis for the chin, 10 - button for adjusting the emphasis for the chin, 11 - second flat reflector, 12 - button for adjusting rotation the second flat reflector, 81 - the length of the optical path from the first planar reflector to the observed object, 82 - optical path length from the reflector 4 to the reflector 11, and 83 - optical path length from the lens or the lens array 11 to the reflector.

In FIG. 3 components are indicated by the following item numbers: 13 — support, 14 — shielding hood in which reflector 4 and reflector 11 are mounted and on which a lens or set of lenses 8 and support 6 for forehead are mounted, 15 — adjusting mechanism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in FIG. 1 and 2, books are placed on the surface of the stand, the height and angle of rotation of the support are adjusted using the adjusting mechanism 2 in accordance with the growth of a person. The full length of the optical path 8 = 81 + 82 + 83 is chosen to be greater than 600 mm, usually 500-1000, 2000 or 3000 mm. The height and angle of rotation of the first flat reflector is controlled using button 3, and the angle of rotation of the second flat reflector is controlled using button 12. The optical power B of the lens or set of lenses is determined from equation B = 1 / and + A + B in accordance with the degree of myopia A and B. In the case of paired lenses, their center-to-center distance can be adjusted to the right or left to adjust to the distance between the pupils of different users, create an eccentric effect of a spherical lens, and apply an auxiliary axis to the inward-facing prism innovations and changes in the angle of information of the visual axes of the eyes. After setting the emphasis 10 in the appropriate position, you can read or write, carrying out the prevention and treatment of myopia. Next, the second flat reflector is adjusted, and when the visual axis of the eye observing the external picture through the eye is completely closed, the eye can have only one field of view or two fields of view, one at a great distance, the other at a short distance, which is useful when using the eyes alternately. As shown in FIG. 3, the hood 14 is mounted at an appropriate height, and the first and second flat reflectors are fixedly mounted. The optical power B of a lens or a set of lenses can be 2-0.75Ό. We can assume that u = 1 / B.

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This device for the treatment and prevention of myopia can be used by users with normal vision or nearsighted users in their own glasses.

The effect of the present invention is statistically significant. The following are some examples of its use. The results of experimental studies.

100 students from 6 to 14 years of age who used the proposed device for six months were selected, while the device was used in preparing all homework or reading without time limits. Six months later, the results shown in table. 1 and 2 and obtained using the standard optometric table, showed that the real correction, that is, an increase in the number of the read line by more than 3, was 87%, and the degree of cure, or an indicator of the effectiveness of treatment, that is, an improvement in vision by more than 1, amounted to 39%. The experimental results obtained using the standard optometric table are shown in table. one.

Table 1

Νο Surname Before treatment After treatment Increase Line Number Νο Fami LIA Before treatment After treatment Increase Line Number Right eye Left eye Right eye Left eye Right eye Left eye Right eye Left eye Right eye Left eye Right eye Left eye Wapdhh 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.5 4 6 26 Ioi xx 0.15 0.15 0.8 0.8 5 5 2 Χίηρχχ 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 3 2 27 Xi xx 0.2 0.25 0.8 0.6 6 5 3 bapd XX 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 3 2 28 <3ao xx 0.15 0.15 0.4 0.5 4 5 4 Ι_ΐ xx 0.6 0.8 2.0 2.0 4 3 29th (Lao xx 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2 3 3 5 Ι_ί xx 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.0 4 3 thirty Ipao xx 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 7 7 6 \ L / app xx 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 3 3 31 8i xx 0.5 0.25 1.0 0.8 3 5 7 Yi xx 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 3 3 32 Ouapd xx 0.12 0.12 0.5 0.4 6 5 8 8ip xx 0.25 0.25 2.0 2.0 nine nine 33 IIapdhh 0.25 0.25 1.0 1.0 6 6 nine διιη XX 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.5 2 5 34 Wapd xx 0.15 0.15 0.5 0.5 5 5 10 No xx 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 3 2 35 Lapd xx 0.15 0.05 0.6 0.6 6 6 eleven 2apd XX 0.3 0.4 2.0 2.0 8 7 36 Ιί xx 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.0 nine 8 12 Kep xx 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 4 3 37 Spep xx 1.0 0.25 1.2 0.5 one 3 thirteen Hee xx 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.2 4 5 38 \ Λ / βϊ xx 0.2 0.15 0.4 0.4 3 4 14 Wapd x 0.1 0.5 0.25 1.0 4 3 39 \ L / app xx 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 one 2 fifteen Sep xx 0.15 0.6 0.4 1.2 4 3 40 \ L / app xx 0.1 0.12 0.6 0.6 8 7 sixteen \ L / app xx 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.8 4 4 41 Nao xx 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.0 one 2 17 Nal xx 0.15 0.15 0.6 0.6 6 6 42 and xx 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 4 4 eighteen Ye xx 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.6 5 5 43 Ouapd xx 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.0 4 3 nineteen Woo xx 0.25 0.25 0.6 0.8 4 5 44 And xx 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.8 2 2 twenty Ι_ί xx 0.12 0.12 0.8 0.8 8 8 45 \ / Wapd xx 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2 3 3 21 Iapd XX 0.12 0.12 0.8 0.8 8 8 46 2 Lapdhh 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.6 3 2 22 ΖΙίθο xx 0.15 0.3 0.6 0.6 6 3 47 No xx 0.15 0.5 1.0 1.2 8 3 23 HyApp XX 0.16 0.1 0.4 0.4 7 6 48 8ήΐ xx 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 4 3 24 \ L / app xx 0.15 0.25 0.6 1.0 6 2 49 bapdhh 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 5 6 25 ΖΪΊβΟ XX 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 3 3 fifty Znao xx 0.12 0.25 0.3 0.3 4 one

The test results using the 8Zh-188 electronic optometer revealed an average decrease of myopia by 1.85Ό for these 100 users. The relevant examples are given in table. 2.

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table 2

Surname Before treatment, diopter. After treatment, diopter. Reduction of myopia, diopter. Right eye Left eye Right eye Left eye Right eye Left eye and xx -3.27 -5.53 -2.12 -4.00 -1.25 -1.53 Shi xx -2.25 -3.25 -2.00 -1.00 -0.25 -1.25 Υίη xx -5.50 -5.75 -2.25 -1.62 -3.25 -4.13 gyao xx -2.50 -2.50 -0.37 -0.12 -2.13 -2.38 8ip xx -2.25 -2.00 -1.25 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 1_ϊιι xx -4.00 -4.50 -1.12 -0.62 -2.88 -3.88 ϋΐβ X -5.65 -5.52 -4.50 -3.62 -1.15 -1.90 Ouapd xx -1.54 -1.85 -0.75 -1.25 -0.79 -0.60

CLAIM

Claims (7)

1. A device for the prevention of myopia, used in reading and writing and containing a support (1), on which a first flat reflector (4), a second flat reflector (11) and a peephole (7) are mounted sequentially optically connected, characterized in that the peephole ( 7) contains one or two lenses or a set of lenses (8), and the device is arranged to place an object in its field of view in such a way that the first flat reflector (4) is optically directly connected to this object, and the total optical path length is 8 = 81 + 82 + 83, where 81 is the length of the optical put and from the first flat reflector (4) to the object, 82 is the optical path length of the first flat reflector (4) to the second flat reflector (11), and 83 is the optical path length from the lens or set of lenses (8) to the second flat reflector (11 ), greater than or equal to 300 mm, but less than 5000 mm, and the device is equipped with a shielding hood (14), in which the indicated first flat reflector (4) and second flat reflector (11) are placed, and the optical power E of the lens or set of lenses (8 ) is determined from the equation E = 1 / u + A + B, where and the given total optical path length (8), A is the degree of near bones, and B - the degree of defocus is equal to 0-1,5 Ό. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical power E of the lens or set of lenses (8) is from 2 to 0.75Ό, and is from 0.5 to 1.3 m. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (1) contains an adjustment mechanism (15) for adjusting the movement up and / or down and / or rotation of the shielding hood (14). 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises an adjusting mechanism (12) for adjusting the rotation of the second flat reflector (11) and an adjusting mechanism (3) for adjusting the movement up and / or down and / or rotation of the first flat reflector ( 4). 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains an emphasis (6) for the forehead and / or emphasis (9) for the chin. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the emphasis (9) for the chin contains an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to have one field of view or two fields of view by adjusting the second flat reflector (11).