RU200718U1 - Disc harrow - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery. The disc harrow contains a frame (1) with front and rear beams (2, 3) located obliquely to each other, on which batteries (4) of disc petal discs (5) are installed with concave (6) and convex (7) sides ... On the frame, at its one end, there is an assembly unit (8) with pins (9), which serves for connection to the tractor hitch, pivotally connected to an elongated cross member (10), which is pivotally connected to the frame (1). On the front and rear beams (2,3), parallel to them and below them, above the batteries (4) of the dish-shaped petal disks (5) for their cleaning, additional beams (11) are installed with rows of scraper plates (12) fixed to them, each of which is located near the top of the concave surface (6) of the dish-shaped petal disk (5) it serves. The frame (1) is also formed by the mentioned beams (2, 3), and the assembly unit (8) with trunnions (9) is made up of two parts hinged to the frame (1) and to each other, the upper of which is made in the form of fastened together curved short crossbars (13), which are pivotally connected to the elongated crossbar (10), and the lower one in the form of a ladder (14), the sides (15) of which is formed by a contour of a broken line, enveloping the battery (4) of disc-shaped petal disks (5), and at the bottom, the mentioned double sidewalls (15) are equipped with pins (9). EFFECT: simplification of the disc harrow manufacturing technology and increased efficiency of its use. 9 p.p. f-ly, 11 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery and concerns soil-cultivating units - disc harrows, intended mainly for land reclamation work with tractors of 5 traction class at speeds from 4.2 to 10.3 km / h in all soil and climatic zones, excluding areas of mountain agriculture ...

Known disc harrow [1, mounted disc harrow BDN. https://avtovelomoto.by/catalog/agrotekhnika/navesnoe_k_traktoram_i_minitraktoram/navesnaya-borona/borona_diskovaya_navesnaya_bdn/. Access date 04/14/2020].

It is formed on a rectangular frame, to which from below, from its two ends, at an angle to each other, on beams located obliquely to each other, batteries of dish-shaped petal disks with concave and convex surfaces are installed. Moreover, on top of the frame, from its one end, rigidly and perpendicular to it, crossbars are fixed at an angle to each other, forming a bracket with the mentioned end of the frame in the shape of a triangle, at the top of which there is an element serving to connect to the tractor hitch, made in the form rectangular plates with a hole, rigidly connected to the other end of the rectangular frame by means of an elongated cross member.

The disadvantage of such a harrow is the rigid attachment of all its elements, which does not allow selectively adjusting the location of the coupling point of the disc harrow with the tractor for its various coupling devices.

Another disadvantage of the similar harrow [1] is its inconvenience of operation in a hitch with a tractor, especially when processing large areas of the field, due to the need to manually clean the concave surface of each of the disc-shaped petal disks on two batteries from the soil adhered there after tillage, for subsequent preparation harrows to continue processing. It is also laborious in general when using these products.

These shortcomings are eliminated in the disc harrow adopted for the prototype of the utility model [2, Patent CN 204047030 U, IPC А01В 21/08; А01В 23/04, priority 28.07.2014, published 31.12.2014]

It is formed on a frame, to which from below, from its two ends, at an angle to each other, on beams located obliquely to each other, batteries of dish-shaped petal disks with concave and convex sides are installed. Moreover, on top of the frame, from its one end, there is an assembly unit with pins, which serves to connect to the tractor hitch, made in the form of a guide rigidly fixed to the frame, in which a rod with pins is located, with the possibility of adjusting the height of their location. Moreover, the rod is pivotally connected to an elongated cross member, which is pivotally connected to the other end of the frame.

In such a disk harrow-prototype [2], in contrast to the disk harrow-analogue [1], on the beams, parallel to them and below them, above the batteries of disk-shaped petal disks for their cleaning, additional beams with rows of scraper plates fixed to them are installed , and each plate is located near the top of the disc-shaped petal disk it serves and inside its concave part.

However, the disc harrow according to the prototype [2] is inconvenient for connecting it to the tractor, since the trunnions of the described assembly unit used for connecting to the tractor hitch are located high relative to the frame, which requires manual lifting of the relatively heavy tractor coupling elements to attach the disc harrow to it. In addition, this does not allow the use of tractor lifting mechanisms and with their help to place the disc harrow in a suspended state during transportation on a tractor. These disadvantages reduce the effectiveness of these disc harrows.

In addition, they have a complicated frame design, which is manufactured separately welded, which complicates the whole technology of manufacturing disc harrows.

Therefore, the task of the utility model is both to simplify the technology of its manufacture, and to increase the efficiency of using the disc harrow by achieving the technical result - eliminating the need to manufacture the frame separately from other elements, reducing the height of the arrangement of the pins of the assembly unit and, in this regard, as well as with improvement of the assembly unit with trunnions - ensuring the possibility of mounting a disc harrow on a tractor during its transportation using tractor lifting mechanisms.

The problem is solved by the fact (Figs. 1-11) that in a disc harrow containing a frame (1) with front and rear beams (2, 3) located obliquely to each other, on which batteries (4) of disc-shaped petal disks (5) with concave (6) and convex (7) sides, and on the frame (1), at its one end, there is an assembly unit (8) with pins (9), which is used for connection to the tractor hitch, and is hingedly connected to an elongated a cross member (10), which is hingedly connected to the frame (1), in addition, on the front and rear beams (2, 3), parallel to them and below them, above the batteries (4) of poppet discs (5) for cleaning them, are installed additional beams (11) with rows of scraper plates (12) fixed on them, each of which is located near the top of the concave surface (6) of the dish-shaped petal disk (5) it serves, there are distinctive features: the frame (1) is also formed by the mentioned beams ( 2, 3), and the assembly (8) with trunnions (9) is composed of two parts pivotally connected to the frame (1) and to each other, the upper of which is made in the form of curved short crossbars (13) fastened together, which are pivotally connected to the elongated crossbar (10), and the lower one in the form of a ladder (14), by sidewalls (15) of which a contour is formed from a broken line, enveloping the battery (4) of disc-shaped petal disks (5), and at the bottom of the mentioned double sidewalls (15) are provided with pins (9).

Formation of the frame with beams will simplify its design and manufacturing technology of the harrow as a whole.

Distinctive features in relation to the above-described implementation of the assembly unit with trunnions are aimed at reducing the height of their location and at ensuring the possibility of mounting a disc harrow to a tractor during its transportation using tractor lifting mechanisms. This will increase the efficiency and versatility of the disc harrow.

Additional distinctive features of the utility model that enhance the aforementioned effects:

- to expand the versatility of the harrow by making it possible on the frame (1) (Fig. 3, 6, 9) to install a different number of discs, of different diameters, with a different number of petals, with a different angle of attack, as well as to enable installation on the frame harrow brackets with attachment points of the tractor attachment system for a floating position of the harrow, while maintaining the possibility of direct engagement with the tractor for soil harrow processing - it is recommended that the front beam (2) be fixed to its frame (1) using one front bracket (16) through one front plate support (17), and an additional front beam (18) was fixed with the other front bracket (19) through another front plate support (20), and the rear beam (3) was also fixed through the rear brackets (21) with by means of rear plate supports (22), and all of the mentioned fixings on the frame (1) are made with the possibility of adjustment with respect to its fixed position of said beams;

- to increase the reliability of the connections with the frame (1) of the batteries (4) of the poppet petal disks (5) (Fig. 3, 6, 9), it is advisable that on the frame (1) the above-mentioned fastenings through the front plate supports (17, 20) and the rear plate supports (22) were carried out using axles (23) with a double girth of such plate supports (17, 20, 22), respectively, with one front bracket (16) from above and a front beam (2) from below, the other front bracket (19 ) from above and an additional front beam (18), rear brackets (21) from above and a rear beam (3) from below - this will create a stronger connection of the mentioned beams (2, 3) in the frame (1);

- to increase the versatility of the use of the harrow by making it possible to use it together with the hinged and traction mechanisms of the tractor, both in the "floating" position during tillage, and in the transport, a prefabricated unit of the swinging trapezoid is formed (Fig. 6), consisting of series-connected hinged through the fingers (24) of the elongated cross member (10), short cross member (13) and ladder (14);

- to ensure the possibility (Fig. 3) of easy and quick replacement of the disk-shaped petal disks (5) in the batteries (4), as well as to ensure the possibility of installing such disks of various diameters, incl. larger than that of the analogue [1] and the prototype [2] - batteries (4) of poppet discs (5) are composed of sections, each of which is formed from a pair of discs (5) located on the axes (25) of the bearing assembly ( 26), fixed on a rack (27), welded to the front or rear beam (2, 3);

- a simplified version is also possible (Figs. 1, 4, 7) when each of the batteries (4) is made up of five disc-shaped petal discs (5), three of which are located between the struts welded to the front or rear beam (2, 3) ( 27) on the shaft (28), connected by its ends with the bearing assemblies (26) fixed on the posts (27), and the other two poppet discs (5) are located on the axes (25) of the bearing assemblies (26);

- to enable (Fig. 3, 9-11) easy and quick resetting of the angles of attack of disk batteries (4), the frame (1) is equipped with removable limiters (29, 30), and one removable limiter (29) is configured to selectively fix it on any of the front plate supports (17, 20) with an emphasis on the adjacent front bracket (16, 19), and the other removable stop (30) is configured to selectively fix it in different places of one of the rear plate supports (22) with with an emphasis on the rear bracket (21) located next to it or without such a stop;

- moreover, it is recommended to choose the angles (α, β or γ, δ) of attack of its disk batteries to ensure optimal operating modes of the harrow (4);

- then it will be possible to effectively use the disk-shaped petal disks (5), both 16-petal and 8-petal;

- for the convenience of installation and removal of the scraper plates (12) on additional beams (11), it is recommended to install such plates (Figs. 1-10) with the help of ladders (31), covering additional beams (11) with fastening with nuts (32), which attached by cross members (33) to the front and rear beams (2, 3).

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in Fig. 1 - 3 show general views of a disc harrow in three cases of its implementation; in fig. 4-6 are views A, and FIG. 7 - 9 - views B, respectively, in Fig. 1 - 3 with one angle (α) of attack of disk batteries; in fig. 10 shows a view B of FIG. 3 with a different angle of attack of disk batteries (β); in fig. 11 shows a fragment of one of the additional beams with a scraper plate attached to it.

The disc harrow contains a frame (1) with its generatrices and with fixed on it, located obliquely to each other, front and rear beams (2, 3), on which batteries (4) of disc-shaped petal discs (5) with a concave (6) and convex (7) sides.

On the frame (1), at one end thereof, there is an assembly unit (8) with trunnions (9), which serves for connection to the tractor hitch, pivotally connected to an elongated cross member (10), which is hingedly connected to the frame (1).

On the front and rear beams (2, 3), parallel to them and below them, above the batteries (4) of dish-shaped petal disks (5) for their cleaning, additional beams (11) are installed with rows of scraper plates (12) fixed to them, each of which is located near the top of the concave surface (6) of the dish-shaped petal disk (5) it serves.

The assembly unit (8) with trunnions (9) is made up of two parts pivotally connected to the frame (1) and to each other, the upper part of which is made in the form of curved short crossbars (13) fastened together, which are hingedly connected to the elongated crossbar (10 ), and the lower one is in the form of a ladder (14), the sidewalls (15) of which is formed by a contour of a broken line enveloping the battery (4) of dish-shaped petal disks (5), and at the bottom of the mentioned double sidewalls (15) are equipped with pins (9).

In such a disc harrow, it is possible to install a different number of disc petal discs (5) on the frame (1) (Figs. 3, 6, 9, 10). Moreover, of various diameters, both 16-petal (as shown) and 8-petal (not shown). It is also possible, when connecting the disc harrow with the mounted system of the tractor, giving it a "floating" position, while maintaining the possibility of direct engagement with the tractor for processing the soil with the harrow. For this, a front beam (2) is fixed to the frame (1) with the help of one front bracket (16) through one front plate support (17). And the additional front beam (18) is fixed with the help of another front bracket (19) through the other front plate support (20), and the rear beam (3) is also fixed through the rear brackets (21) with the help of the rear plate support (22). All the mentioned fixings on the frame (1) are made with the possibility of adjustment relative to its fixed position of the mentioned beams. On the frame (1), the above-mentioned fastenings through the front plate supports (17, 20) and the rear plate supports (22) are carried out using axes (23) with a double wrap of such plate supports (17, 20, 22), respectively, with one front bracket (16) on top and front beam (2) on bottom, another front bracket (19) on top and additional front beam (18), rear brackets (21) on top and rear beam (3) on bottom.

The versatility of the use of the harrow has also been increased by making it possible to use it together with the hinged and traction mechanisms of the tractor, both in the “floating” position during tillage, and in the transport position. For this, an assembly of the swinging trapezoid is formed (Fig. 6), consisting of an elongated crossbar (10), a short crossbar (13) and a ladder (14) connected in series through the pins (24).

Batteries (4) of poppet discs (5) are made up of sections, each of which is formed from a pair of poppet discs (5) located on the axes (25) of the bearing assembly (26) fixed on a rack (27) welded to the front or to the rear beam (2, 3). This will provide the possibility (Fig. 3) of easy and quick replacement of the disk-shaped petal disks (5) in the batteries (4), as well as providing the possibility of installing such disks of various diameters.

In a simplified version of the disc harrow (Fig. 1, 4, 7) its batteries (4) are composed of five disc-shaped petal discs (5), three of which are located between the posts (27) welded to the front or rear beam (2, 3) on the shaft (28), connected by its ends with the bearing assemblies (26), fixed on the struts (27), and the other two poppet discs (5) are located on the axes (25) of the bearing assemblies (26);

To ensure the possibility (Fig. 3, 9-11) easy and fast resetting of the angles of attack of disk batteries (4), the frame (1) is equipped with removable limiters (29, 30). One removable stop (29) is configured to selectively attach it to any of the front plate supports (17, 20) with an emphasis on the adjacent front bracket (16, 19), and the other removable stop (30) is configured to selectively fix it in different places of one of the rear plate supports (22) with a stop in the adjacent rear bracket (21) located near it or without such a stop.

In this case, it is recommended to set the angles (α, β) of attack of its disk batteries (4) to ensure optimal operating modes of the disk harrow (4): to increase the angle of attack, set the angle α on the front disk batteries and angle β on the rear disk battery (Fig. 9 ), and to reduce the angle of attack set the angle γ on the front disk batteries and the angle δ on the rear disk battery (Fig.10). For the convenience of installing and removing the scraper plates (12) on additional beams (11), it is recommended to install such plates (Fig. . 1-10) on ladders (31), enclosing additional beams (11) with fastening with nuts (32), which are attached by cross members (33) to the front and rear beams (2, 3).

For screwing or unscrewing fasteners during operations of reinstalling the angles of attack of disk batteries (4) or replacing disc-shaped petal disks (5) in them, a set of wrenches (34) is fixed to the frame.

A disc harrow is used (not shown) by hitching it to a tractor or in a transport position or in a traction mode, connecting (Fig. 6) with an assembly unit of an oscillating trapezoid, consisting of an elongated cross member (10) connected in series and hingedly through the fingers (24) , short cross member (13) and ladder (14).

The angles (α, β) of attack of the disk batteries (4) are preset depending on the operating conditions of the disk harrow. If it is intended for a great depth of soil cultivation, the angle α and β should be set (Fig. 9).

To ensure a shallower depth of soil cultivation, the angles γ and δ should be set (Fig. 10).

At the same time, to ensure agrotechnical requirements and high-quality tillage, it is recommended to select the working speeds of the disc harrow and the angles of attack of its disc batteries (4) according to the table below:

When cultivating the soil, disc-shaped petal discs (5), cutting into it and rotating during the movement of the disc harrow, cut crop residues and crumble the treated soil layer. Notches on the disk-shaped petal discs (5) improve the crumbling of the layer, and also facilitate the cutting and throwing of wood residues (roots, small stumps, etc.) onto the soil surface.

The working depth can be changed depending on the operating conditions due to the aforementioned pre-installation of disk batteries (4) to higher or lower angles of attack (α, β)

The transfer of the disc harrow from the working position to the transport position, and vice versa, is carried out in a known manner using the hinged system of the base tractor (not shown).

Sources of information:

1. Disc harrow mounted BDN. Electronic resource - https://avtovelomoto.by/catalog/agrotekhnika/navesnoe_k_traktoram_i_minitraktoram/navesnaya-borona/borona_diskovaya_navesnaya_bdn/. Access date 13.04.2020.

2. Patent CN 204047030 U, IPC A01B 21/08; А01В 23/04, priority 28.07.2014, published 31.12.2014 / prototype /.

Claims (10)

1. A disc harrow containing a frame (1) with front and rear beams (2, 3) located obliquely to each other, mounted on it, on which batteries (4) of disc-shaped petal discs (5) with concave (6) and convex ( 7) sides, and on the frame (1), from its one end, there is an assembly unit (8) with trunnions (9), which is used for attaching to the tractor hitch, pivotally connected to an elongated cross member (10), which is hingedly connected to the frame (1 ), in addition, on the front and rear beams (2, 3), parallel to them and below them, above the batteries (4) of dish-shaped petal disks (5) for their cleaning, additional beams (11) with rows of plates fixed to them are installed - scrapers (12), each of which is located near the top of the concave surface (6) of the dish-shaped petal disk (5) served by it, characterized in that the frame (1) is also formed by the mentioned beams (2, 3), and the assembly unit (8) with trunnions (9) is made up of two parts pivotally connected to the frame (1) and to each other gom, the upper of which is made in the form of curved short crossbars (13) fastened together, which are hingedly connected to the elongated crossbar (10), and the lower one is in the form of a ladder (14), the sidewalls (15) of which is formed by a contour of a broken line enveloping the battery ( 4) dish-shaped petal disks (5), and at the bottom of the mentioned double sidewalls (15) are equipped with pins (9). 2. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the front beam (2) is fixed on its frame (1) by means of one front bracket (16) through one front plate support (17), and an additional front beam (18) with with the help of another front bracket (19) through another front plate support (20), and also the rear beam (3) is fixed through the rear brackets (21) with the help of the rear plate supports (22), and all the mentioned fastenings on the frame (1) are carried out with the possibility of adjustment relative to its fixed position of the mentioned beams. 3. Harrow according to claim. 2, characterized in that on the frame (1) said fastenings through the front plate supports (17, 20) and rear plate supports (22) are carried out using axes (23) with a double girth of such plate supports (17 , 20, 22), respectively, one front bracket (16) from above and a front beam (2) from below, another front bracket (19) from above and an additional front beam (18), rear brackets (21) from above and a rear beam (3) from below. 4. Harrow according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is formed an assembly of the swinging trapezoid, consisting of a series-connected pivotally through the fingers (24) elongated crossbar (10), short crossbar (13) and stairs (14). 5. Harrow according to claim. 1, characterized in that the batteries (4) of the disc-shaped petal disks (5) are composed of sections, each of which is formed from a pair of disc-shaped petal discs (5) located on the axes (25) of the bearing assembly (26) attached to the upright (27), welded to the front or rear beam (2, 3). 6. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the batteries (4) is composed of five disc-shaped petal discs (5), three of which are located between the posts (27) welded to the front or to the rear beam (2, 3) on the shaft (28), connected by its ends with the bearing units (26), fixed on the struts (27), and the other two poppet discs (5) are located on the axes (25) of the bearing units (26). 7. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame (1) is equipped with removable limiters (29, 30), and one removable limiter (29) is configured to selectively attach it to any of the front plate supports (17, 20) with with an emphasis on the adjacent front bracket (16, 19), and another removable stop (30) is configured to selectively fix it in different places of one of the rear plate supports (22) with an emphasis on the rear bracket (21) located near it, or without such an emphasis. 8. Harrow according to claim. 1, characterized in that the frame (1) can selectively set the angles (α, β or γ, δ) of attack of its disk batteries (4). 9. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that 16-leaf or 8-leaf discs (5) are used. 10. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the scraper plates (12) are installed using stepladders (31), enclosing additional beams (11) with fastening with nuts (32), which are attached by crossbars (33) to the front and rear beams (2, 3).

Images