RU200689U1 - AC electric machine winding - Google Patents

Abstract

The winding of an AC electric machine belongs to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in AC electric machines, including in multi-speed motors with the property of polysynchronism. The objective of the utility model is to reduce the cost of manufacturing a winding and increase operational characteristics, as well as expand the scope four-zone windings per phase in multi-speed electric motors. A two-phase winding of an AC electric machine, made in Z grooves of a magnetic circuit with a number of pole pairs p0, contains 2N phase zones in each phase on a pair of poles equal to eight. The winding has a structure with the distribution of the sides of the coils in the grooves according to the law The number of grooves Z of the magnetic circuit is determined by the ratio Z = Nmp0qf. The execution of a four-zone winding chain ensures its execution as a single-layer one with a shortening of the step, = τF ± d <τ, where τ is the pole division of the two-zone winding. This leads to a simplified manufacturing and a reduction in copper consumption, which reduces the cost of manufacturing the winding. At the same time, the active, inductive resistance of the frontal, differential scattering, noise and vibration in electrical machines is additionally reduced. 3 C.p. f-ly, 3 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely, to the arrangement of multiphase windings of AC electric machines, and can be used in the manufacture of energy-efficient AC motors, including multi-speed motors with polysynchronism property.

Known windings of an AC electric machine, which is made two-phase on the basis of twelve-zone three-phase winding with the number of phase zones N = 4 per phase and with the number of pole pairs p ₀ in the Z slots of the magnetic circuit. [Pat. No. 147774 RF, MKI ⁷ H02K 3/28. Electrical machine winding / G.A. Shanshurov. Publ. 20.11.2014.2014. Priority 06/11/2014; Application No. 201412405].

This winding of an AC electric machine consists of two unequal phase zones per pole. So the number of coils of each phase per pole is equal to Q ₁ and Q ₂ , where Q ₂ / Q ₁ = 2. The number of coils q = Q ₁ coil groups, the number of pole pairs p ₀ and the number of slots Z of the magnetic circuit are related by the ratio

Z = Np ₀ q,

where the number of slots Z for the winding is a multiple of N = 12: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72. The best use of an electric machine can be obtained when a two-phase winding is connected to a single-phase network.

Known windings of an AC electric machine, which is made two-phase two-layer in the Z slots of the magnetic circuit (m = 2) with the number of pole pairs p ₀ , contains N phase zones in each phase on a pair of poles p ₀ [US Pat. No. 2580673 RF, MKI ⁷ H02K 3/28, 17/06, 17/14. Winding of an AC electric machine, G.A. Shanshurov. Publ. 10.04.2016. Priority 03/05/2015; Application No. 2015107818].

The number of slots Z of the magnetic circuit is determined by the ratio

Z = Nmp ₀ q,

at the same time, the equality of the phase zones of both phases per pole and another numerical series of slots Z for the winding is ensured, in which the number of slots Z is a multiple of N = 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72. This provides equality of phase zones of both phases per pole and new ratios of the numbers of poles of a winding with a variable number of poles, which expands the possible versions of two-speed electric machines.

The disadvantages of the winding are the two-layer design and the step along the slots equal to the width of the phase zone, which does not provide for a decrease in the higher harmonics of the generated magnetic field.

This winding is the closest to the proposed invention and is a prototype.

The objective (technical result) of the invention is to reduce the cost of manufacturing a winding and improve performance, as well as expanding the field of application of four-zone windings per phase in multi-speed electric motors.

The task is achieved by the fact that the winding of an alternating current electric machine, made in four zones in the Z grooves of a two-phase magnetic circuit (m = 2) with a number of pole pairs p ₀ , contains 2N phase zones equal to eight in each phase on a pair of poles. The width of the phase zone τ _f is

τ _ф = Z / (Np ₀ ),

and in each pair of phase zones there is a coil group consisting of coils connected in series. The number of slots Z of the magnetic circuit, determined by the ratio

Z = Nmp ₀ q _f ,

where q _f is the number of slots per phase and phase zone, contains the main part of the four-zone winding and an additional part of the four-zone winding. The number q _{k of the} coils of coil groups are laid in the q _f slots of the magnetic circuit, forming a structure with the distribution of the sides of the coils in the slots according to the law

on a pair of poles, where "A, X and x, a", "B, Y and y, b" are the phase zones of the main part of the winding. In this case, (A _qk X _qk ) _p0 and (x _qk a _qk ) _p0 are coil groups forming the half-phase of the first phase of the main part of the winding and (B _qk Y _qk ) _p0 , and (y _qi b _qi ) p ₀ are coil groups , forming the half-phase of the second phase of the main part of the winding, and "C, Z and z, c", "D, H and h, d" are the phase zones of the additional part of the winding. In this case, (C _qk Z _qk ) _p0 and (z _qk c _qk ) _p0 are coil groups that form the half phase of the first phase of the additional part of the winding and (D _qk H _qk ) _p0 and (h _qk d _qk ) _p0 are coil groups that form half phase of the second phase of the additional part of the winding. In this case, the index "q _k " is the number of coil sides located in the corresponding phase zone and the index "p ₀ " is the number of repeating structures that determine the number of pairs of winding poles. Each coil group is equipped with leads and ends for the possibility of creating half phases of the winding. The four-zone winding of the main and additional parts is made of a single-layer chain winding: the left sides of the coils are located in odd slots, and the right ones are in even slots. In this case, the number q _{k of} coils connected in series within each phase zone is

q _k = q _f / 2,

where q _f - the number of grooves per phase and phase zone is equal to an even integer number of natural series

q _f = Z / (Nmp ₀ ),

and performed with a step

y _cf = τ _Ф ± k ₁ ,

where k ₁ is equal to an integer from the natural series 1, 2… τ _Ф - 1.

The stated task is also achieved by the fact that the phases of a single-layer winding are formed from coil groups of parts of the phases of the main and additional windings. In each phase of the winding, a bridge is formed from the contacts of the switching device and one of the half phases of the winding. In some opposite arms of each bridge, the contacts of the switching device of the same name (NZK or NOC) are included, and in the other, in the opposite arms of each bridge are included: in one arm one of the half phases of the winding and in the other arm - a contact of the switching device not of the same name with the contact in the other arms bridge (NOC or NZK). The other half-phase of the winding is included in one diagonal of the bridge, and the ends of the other diagonal form the beginning and end of the winding phases. The state of the LOC and NZK of the switching device (off, on) determines the number of poles equal to 2Kp ₀ , where K takes on the values of the natural number 1, 2. In this case, the half phases of each phase are connected in series with one state of the NOC and NZK contacts (on, off), and with a different state of the contacts NOC and NZK (on, off) - in parallel.

The stated task is also achieved by the fact that the phases of a single-layer winding are formed from coil groups of parts of the phases of the main and additional windings. So the coil groups (A _qk X _qk ) _p0 and (C _qk Z _qk ) _p0 are connected in series according to, forming the first half phase of the first phase of the winding. And the coil groups (x _qk a _qki ) _p0 and (z _qk c _qk ) _p0 are connected in series according to, forming the second half phase of the first phase of the winding. And the coil groups (B _qk Y _qk ) _p0 and (h _qk d _qk ) _p0 are connected in series in opposite directions, forming the first half phase of the second phase of the winding. And the coil groups (D _qk H _qk ) _p0 and (y _qk b _qk ) _p0 are connected in series opposite, forming the second half phase of the second phase of the winding. The first half phases of the phases are included in the diagonal of each bridge of the corresponding phase. In this case, one state of the LOC and NZK of the switching device (off, on) formed the number of poles 2Kp _{0, a} multiple of two, where K is equal to one, and the number of poles at K equal to two - the other state of the contacts of the NOC and NZK (on, off), providing in both cases, the same phase rotation of the winding.

The stated task is also achieved by the fact that the phases of a single-layer winding are formed from coil groups of parts of the phases of the main and additional windings. So the coil groups (A _qk X _qk ) _p0 and (z _qk c _qk ) _p0 are connected in series in opposite directions, forming the first half phase of the first phase of the winding. And the coil groups (C _qk Z _qk ) _p0 and (x _qk a _qk ) _p0 are connected in series oppositely, forming the second half phase of the first phase of the winding. And the coil groups (B _qk Y _qk ) _p0 and (D _q kH _q k) _p0 are connected in series according to, forming the first half phase of the second phase of the winding. And the coil groups (b _qk y _qk ) _p0 and (h _qk d _qk ) _p0 are connected in series according to forming the second half phase of the second phase of the winding. The first half phases of the phases are included in the diagonal of each bridge of the corresponding phase. In this case, the number of poles 2Kp _{0 is a} multiple of two, where K is equal to one, and the number of poles at K is equal to two, is formed by one state of the LOC and NZK of the switching device (off, on), changing the phase sequence windings.

FIG. 1 shows the structure, matrix and diagram of an eight-zone per phase and pole of a two-phase single-layer chain winding; in fig. 2 shows a diagram of a pole-switched winding (PPO) 1: 2 without changing the phase rotation on the basis of a four-zone single-layer chain winding with the number of poles 2p ₀ and turning on the half phases in phases in series with the same state of the contacts of the NOC and NZK (on, off), and with another state of the contacts LOC and NZK (on, off) - in parallel, and in Fig. 3 - PPO scheme 1: 2 with a change in the phase sequence on the basis of a four-zone single-layer chain winding with the number of poles 2p ₀ and the inclusion of half phases in phases in series with one state of the NOC and NZK contacts (on, off), and with a different state of the NOC and NZK (on, off) - in parallel.

The winding of an alternating current electric machine is made as a two-phase (Fig. 1 ÷ 3) chain four-zone in the Z slots of the magnetic circuit with the number of pole pairs p ₀ . In each phase on a pair of poles (Fig. 1 a and b) contains 2N equal to eight phase zones. In this case, the number Z of the slots of the magnetic circuit is related by the ratio

Z = Nmp ₀ q _f ,

where q _f - the number of grooves per phase and phase zone is equal to an integer number of natural numbers (Table 1). The width of the phase zone τ _f is

τ _ф = Z / (Np ₀ ).

Each pair of phase zones (FZ) contains a coil group (Table 1), consisting of coils connected in series. The number q _{to the} coils of the coil groups are stacked in adjacent phase zones τ _f form a structure with the distribution of the sides of the coils in the grooves into a pair of poles according to the law (Table 1).

The winding contains the main and additional parts of the four zone winding. In each pair of phase zones (FZ):

- "A, X and x, a", "C, Z and z, c" - phase zones of the first phase of the winding,

- "B, Y and y, b", "D, H and h, d" - phase zones of the second phase of the winding, the coil group is located. In this case, the coil groups: 1 - (A _qk X _qk ) _p0 , 2 - (x _qk a _qk ) _{p0 of the} main part, 3 - (C _qk Z _qk ) _p0 , 4 - (z _qk c _qk ) _{p0 of the} additional part of the winding of the first phases (Fig.1a) and 5 - (B _qk Y _qk ) _p0 , 6 - (y _qk b _qk ) _{p0 of the} main part, 7 - (D _qk H _qk ) _p0 , 8 - (h _qk d _qk ) _{p0 of the} additional part the windings of the second phase (Fig. 1b), form a half phase.

Index "q _k " is the number of coil sides placed in the corresponding phase zone and index "p ₀ " is the number of repeating structures that determine the number of pole pairs of the winding. Each coil group is provided with leads 9 (Fig. 1a and b) of the beginning and end to be able to create half phases of the winding.

The chain single-layer four-zone winding is distinguished by the constructive arrangement of the coils of the coil groups in the grooves of the magnetic circuit. The left sides of the coils of coil groups 1 ÷ 8 of the main and additional parts of the winding (Fig. 1) are laid in odd slots, and the right sides are located in even slots. The number q _{k of} coils connected in series within each phase zone is

q _k = q _f / 2,

where q _f - the number of grooves per phase and phase zone is equal to an integer of the natural series

q _f = Z / (Nmp ₀ ).

With an even number of q _f grooves per phase and phase zone, the number q _to series-connected coils within each phase zone is equal to an integer number (Tables 1 and 2). With an odd number of q _f slots per phase and phase zone, the number of coils within each phase zone is equal in one part of the winding

q _k1 = (q _f / 2) -0.5

and in the other part of the winding (table 3)

q _k2 = (q _f / 2) +0.5.

Options for two-phase chain single-layer eight zone windings up to the number of magnetic circuit slots equal to 64 are presented in table 2.

With an odd number of q _f slots per phase and phase zone, the coils of the coil groups form a structure with the distribution of the sides of the coils in the slots into a pair of poles according to the law presented in Table 3.

The step of a two-phase chain single-layer eight-zone winding along the grooves of the magnetic circuit at _cf is equal to

y _cf = τ _Ф ± d,

where d is an integer from the natural series 1, 2 ... τ _Ф - 1. In this case, the winding can be made both concentric and equally sectional.

The implementation of a two-phase single-layer winding of an AC electric machine with four zones (N = 4) provides a decrease in copper consumption by reducing the average length of the loop and the overhang of the frontal parts. So when replacing two zone winding (N = 2) winding with four zone winding (N = 4) in the same size of a serial asynchronous electric motor, the decrease in copper volume is approximately 30%. A smaller pitch of the four zone winding along the slots changes the electrical and magnetic properties of the winding. So, the active and inductive resistance of the phases decreases, due to the frontal parts of the windings.

The calculation of the quality indicators of the options (Table 2) was carried out using the matrix description of the chain single-layer four-zone windings with the number of poles 2p ₀ .

Option 1. The number of slots Z is 24. For an odd number of slots per phase and phase zone q _f = 3 (Table 2), the number of coils within each phase zone is equal in one part of the (main) winding

q _k1 = (q _f / 2) -0.5 = 1

and in the other part of the (additional) winding (table 3)

q _k2 = (q _f / 2) + 0.5 = 2.

The distribution of the sides of the coils of half phases 1 ÷ 8 (Fig. 1) in the grooves corresponds to the law (Table 4).

Structural-numerical matrix of the winding at y _av = τ _Ф -1 = 5 has the form (Table 5).

Structural-numerical matrix of the winding at y _av = τ _Ф + 1 = 7 has the form (Table 6).

Option 2. The number of slots Z is 32. For an even number of slots per phase and phase zone q _f = 4 (Table 2), the number of winding coils within each phase zone is

q _k1 = q _f / 2 = 2.

Structural-numerical matrix of the winding at y _av = τ _Ф -1 = 7 has the form (Table 7).

Structural-numerical matrix of the winding at y _av = τ _Ф + 1 = 9 has the form (Table 8).

Option 3. The number of slots Z is 48. For an even number of slots per phase and phase zone q _f = 6 (Table 2), the number of winding coils within each phase zone is

q _k1 = q _f / 2 = 3.

The structural-numerical matrix of a chain single-layer four-zone winding at y _av = τ _Ф -1 = 11 has the form (Table 9), and the structural-numerical matrix of a chain single-layer four-zone winding at у _av = τ _Ф + 1 = 13 has the form ( Table 10). The results of calculating the quality indicators of variants of chain single-layer four-zone windings with the number of pole pairs p ₀ = 1 are presented in Table 11.

Chain single-layer four-zone winding with a step at _cp different from τ _Ф - the width of the phase zone:

y _cf = τ _Ф ± d, -

leads to a change in the distribution of coils 1 ÷ 8 half phases (Fig. 1) in the grooves (Table 4 ÷ 9), changing the shape of the field in the air gap. The winding is made more distributed, reducing the value of the inductance of the differential dissipation of the winding phases, the value of which is proportional to the coefficient of differential dissipation K _d (Table 10).

Execution of a chain single-layer four-zone winding with a step at _cp equal to

y _cf = τ _Ф -d,

and on (Tables 4, 6, 8) equal to

y _cf = τ _Ф -1,

provides an additional reduction in copper consumption by reducing the average length of the turn and the overhang of the frontal parts.

An increase in the number of coils connected in series q _{to the} chain single-layer four-zone winding, laid in the grooves of the magnetic circuit, within each pair of phase zones also reduces the differential scattering coefficient K _d (Table 11).

To analyze the design of chain single-layer four-zone windings for operability, we use a number of components of the matrix model of AC windings [Shanshurov G.A. Special electrical machines. Assessment of the quality of windings of alternating current machines at the design stage: textbook / G.A. Shanshurov, T.V. Druzhinin, A. Yu. Budnikov. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of NSTU, 2015 .-- 40 p. - Access mode: http://elibrary.nstu.ru/source?bib_id=vtls000216627]:

- EMF winding

where || С _Р || is the matrix of the investigated winding (Fig. 1),

E _prν - the magnitude of the induced EMF of the conductor from ν - that harmonic of the field;

- winding coefficients for νth harmonics

where || С _Р || _m matrix of the mth row of the winding matrix || С _Р ||,

| a _mi | - the sum of the numbers of the elements of the row (phase) of the winding matrix modulo.

To analyze the winding, a columnar matrix of the star of the slot emf is compiled || E _prν ||. Column matrix elements are defined by the expression:

Угол сдвига пазов α₀ для обмоток, не создающих субгармоник магнитного поля, равенwhere ν is the number of the harmonic component of the emf. (ns), Z _i - slot number from 1 to Z ₀ , a

The angle of shift of the slots α ₀ for windings that do not create subharmonics of the magnetic field is equal to

For analytical calculations using Euler's formula

you should go from expression in matrix form to algebraic expressions:

The winding coefficient for each of the EMF harmonics (HC) is determined by the ratio:

Matrix analysis of the winding (Fig. 1) shows the performance of chain single-layer four-zone windings (Table 10):

the presence of a shift in the phase axes of the winding in space by 90 el. degrees ensures maximum use of the winding;

high winding factor of the working (first) harmonic of the magnetic field K _about1 and high utilization factor K _and ;

the winding is performed with a step at _cp = τ _Ф ± d single-layer, filling the entire volume of the groove.

The use of chain four-zone windings is expanding when used in multi-speed motors. Changing the number of poles by reversing the current in part of the coil groups is realized both by the device of the phases of the chain four-zone windings, and by the inclusion of switching devices in the winding structure of the keys (Figs. 2, 3). The phases of a single-layer winding are formed from coil groups of parts of the phases of the main and additional windings 1 ÷ 8. Each coil group 1 ÷ 8 (Fig. 1 ÷ 3) is equipped with leads and ends 9 for the possibility of creating half phases of the winding. Each phase of a two-phase winding (Fig. 2, 3) has the beginning U1 - 10, Z1 - 11 and the end U2 - 12, Z2 - 13.

The winding of an AC electric machine with a variable number of poles in the ratio of one to two (1: 2) with the same phase rotation (Fig. 2) and with different phase rotation (Fig. 3) is built on the basis of eight zone per phase and a pair of four zone poles two-phase chain winding of an alternating current electric machine.

The first is achieved by the fact that in the winding of an AC electric machine, the first half phase of the first phase 10-12 is formed by coil groups 1 - (A _q X _q ) _p0 and 5 - (C _q Z _q ) _p0 , connected in series according to, and the second half phase the first 10-12 phase is formed by coil groups 2 - (x _q a _q ) _p0 and 6 - (z _q c _q ) _{p0 p0} , connected in series according to. The first half phase of the second phase 11-13 is formed by coil groups 3 - (B _q Y _q ) _p0 and 8 - (h _q d _q ) _p0 connected in series in opposite direction and the second half phase of the second phase 11-13 is formed by coil groups 7 - (D _q H _q ) _p0 and 4 - (y _q b _q ) _p0 are connected in series opposite.

Each phase of a single-layer two-phase winding (Fig. 1, 2, 3) contains a bridge 14, 15 (Fig. 2, 3). In some opposite arms (Fig. 2) of each bridge 14, 15 are included the contacts of the same name (LOC) of the switching device. The other opposite arms of each bridge 14, 15 include: in one arm one of the half phases 2, 6 and 7, 4 of the corresponding phase 10-12 and 11-13 of the winding and in the other arm - a contact of a switching device not of the same name with a contact in other arms bridge (NZK).

The first half phases of phases 1, 5 and 3, 8 are included in the diagonal of each bridge 14, 15 of the corresponding phase 10-12 and 11-13. With the open contact of the LOC and the closed NZK of the switching device formed (Fig. 2) the number of poles 4Kp _{0 is} multiple of four, where K is equal to two (Table 12), the half phases of the phases are connected in series. The number of poles is a multiple of two: 2p ₀ , where K is equal to one (Table 3), is realized by a different state of the contacts of the NOC and NZK, the half phases of the phases are connected in parallel. The circuit provides the same winding phase rotation for any number of poles.

A winding with a different phase sequence (Fig. 2) is built from the coil group of phases of the main 1, 2, 5, 6 and additional 3, 4, 7, 8 windings.

Here 1 - (A _q X _q ) _p0 and 6 - (z _q c _q ) _p0 are connected in series in opposite direction, forming the first half phase of the first phase of the winding, and coil groups 2 - (x _q a _q ) _p0 and 5 - (C _q Z _q ) _p0 are connected in series in opposite direction, forming the second half phase of the first phase of the winding, and coil groups 3 - (B _q Y _q ) _p0 and 7 - (D _q H _q ) _p0 are connected in series according to, forming the first half phase of the second phase of the winding, and coil groups 4 - (y _q b _q ) _p0 and 8 - (h _q d _q ) _p0 are connected in series according to forming the second half phase of the second phase of the winding.

The first half phases of phases 1, 6 and 3, 7 are included in the diagonal of each bridge 14, 15 of the corresponding phase 10-12 and 11-15. With an open contact of the NOC and closed NZK switching device formed (Fig. 3) the number of poles 4Kp ₀ multiple of four, where K is equal to two (Table 13), the half phases of the phases are connected in series. The number of poles is a multiple of two: 2p ₀ , where K is equal to one (Table 3), is realized by a different state of the contacts of the NOC and NZK - the half phases of the phases are connected in parallel, providing a different alternation of the winding phases (Table 13).

The results of the matrix analysis (Fig. 2, 3) in the mode of operation with the number of poles 4p ₀ show the performance of single-layer four-zone PPO windings (Tables 14, 15):

the shift of the phase axes of the winding in space by 90 electrical degrees ensures maximum use of the winding;

high winding factor of the working (first) harmonic of the magnetic field K _about1 and high utilization factor K _and ;

the winding is performed with a step at _cp = τ _Ф ± d single-layer, filling the entire volume of the groove.

The technical result, provided by the use of chain four-zone windings (Fig. 2, 3) in two-phase asynchronous two-speed motors, is to reduce the cost of manufacturing single-layer windings, increase the filtering properties of the windings.

Execution of chain single-layer four-zone windings with a shortening of the winding pitch

y _cf = τ _Ф ± d <τ,

where τ is the pole division of the two zone winding, leads to a simplification of manufacturing and a decrease in copper consumption, which reduces the cost of manufacturing the winding. The use of chain four-zone windings is accompanied by concomitant effects: an additional decrease in the inductive resistance of the frontal, differential scattering and active resistance of the winding phases, a decrease in noise and vibration in electrical machines [Gervais G.K. Electrical machine windings. - L .: Energoizdat, 1989. - P. 62 ÷ 66.], - improving the performance of electrical machines.

The use of two-speed electric motors expands the possibility of changing the number of parallel branches of the phases, which ensures a change in the speed of the electric motor with a constant torque.

In this case, a two-phase chain four-zone winding per phase retains the positive qualities of a three-phase version of a similar winding of an AC electric machine [Pat. No. 147774 RF, MKI ⁷ H02K 3/28. Electrical machine winding / G.A. Shanshurov. Publ. 20.11.2014.2014. Priority 06/11/2014; Application No. 2014124051.]:

reduction of copper consumption by reducing the average length of the coil,

reducing the overhang of the winding frontal parts by shortening the winding pitch along the slots,

decrease in active and inductive phase resistances caused by the frontal parts of the windings,

simplification of the technology of laying the winding with a smaller pitch along the grooves of the magnetic circuit of an electric machine.

Claims (16)

1. The winding of an AC electric machine, made four-zone in the Z slots of the magnetic circuit, two-phase (m = 2) with the number of pole pairs p _0, contains 2N phase zones equal to eight in each phase on a pair of poles, while the width of the phase zone τ _f is τ _ф = Z / (Np ₀ ), and in each pair of phase zones there is a coil group, consisting of coils connected in series, while the number of slots Z of the magnetic circuit is determined by the ratio Z = Nmp ₀ q _f , where q _f is the number of grooves per phase and phase zone, contains the main part of the four-zone winding and an additional part of the four-zone winding, the number q of _the coils of the coil groups of which are laid in q _f grooves of the magnetic circuit, forming a structure with the distribution of the sides of the coils in the grooves according to the law

on a pair of poles, where "A, X and x, a "," B, Y and y, b "are the phase zones of the main part of the winding, while (A_qkX_qk)_p0 and (x_qka_qk)_p0- coil groups forming the half-phases of the first phase of the main part of the winding, and (B_qkY_qk)_p0, and (y_qkb_qk)_p0- coil groups forming the half-phases of the second phase of the main part of the winding, and "C, Z and z, c "," D, H and h, d "are the phase zones of the additional part of the winding, while (C_qkZ_qk)_p0 and (z_qkc_qk)_p0 - coil groups forming the half-phases of the first phase of the additional part of the winding, and (D_qkH_qk)_p0 and H_qkd_qk)_p0- coil groups forming the half-phases of the second phase of the additional part of the winding, while the index "q_k"Is the number of coil sides located in the corresponding phase zone, and the index" p₀"Is the number of repeating structures that determine the number of pairs of winding poles, and each coil group is equipped with leads and ends for the possibility of creating half-phases of the winding, characterized in that the four-zone winding of the main and additional parts is made of a single-layer chain, in which the left sides of the coils are located in odd grooves, and the right sides of the coils are located in even grooves, while the number q_k series-connected coils within each phase zone is equal to q _k = q _f / 2, where q _f is the number of grooves per phase and phase zone is equal to an integer of the natural series q _f = Z / (Nmp ₀ ), and performed with a step y _cf = τ _Ф ± d, where k ₁ is equal to an integer from the natural series 1, 2… τ _Ф - 1. 2. The winding of an alternating current electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the phases of the single-layer winding are formed from coil groups of parts of the phases of the main and additional windings, in each phase of the winding, a bridge is formed from the contacts of the switching device and one of the half-phases of the winding, the contacts of the switching device of the same name (NZK or NOC) are included in one opposite arms of each bridge, in the other, in the opposite arms of each bridge are included: one of the half-phases of the winding and to the other arm - a contact of the switching device, not of the same name with the contact in other arms of the bridge (LOC or NZK), the other half-phase of the winding is included in one diagonal of the bridge, and the ends of the other diagonal form the beginning and end of the phases of the winding, by the state of the LOC and NZK of the switching device (off , on) the number of poles is determined to be 2Kp₀, where K takes on the values of the natural number 1, 2, while the half-phases of each phase are connected in series with one state of the LOC and NZK contacts (on, off), and with a different state of the NOC and NZK contacts (on, off) - in parallel. 3. Winding of an alternating current electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the phases of the single-layer winding are formed from coil groups of parts of the phases of the main and additional windings, so the coil groups (A _qk X _qk ) _p0 and (C _qk Z _qk ) _p0 are connected in series according to, forming the first half-phase of the first phase of the winding, and the coil groups (x _qk a _qk ) _p0 and (z _qk c _qk ) _p0 are connected in series according to, forming the second half-phase of the first phase of the winding, and the coil groups (B _qk Y _qk ) _p0 and ( h _qk d _qk ) _p0 are connected in series oppositely, forming the first half-phase of the second phase of the winding, and the coil groups (D _qk H _qk ) _p0 and (y _qk b _qk ) _p0 are connected in series oppositely, forming the second half-phase of the second phase of the winding, with one state NOC and NZK of the switching device (off, on) formed the number of poles 2Kp _{0, a} multiple of two, where K is equal to one, and the number of poles at K equal to two, is a different state of the NOC and NZK contacts (on, off), providing in both cases the same second winding phase rotation. 4. Winding of an alternating current electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the phases of a single-layer winding are formed from coil groups of parts of the phases of the main and additional windings, so coil groups (A_qkX_qk)_p0and (z_qkc_qk)_p0 connected in series in opposite direction, forming the first half-phase of the first phase of the winding, and coil groups (C_qkZ_qk)_p0 and (x_qka_qk)_p0 connected in series in opposite direction, forming the second half-phase of the first phase of the winding, and the coil groups (B_qkY_qk)_p0and (D_qkH_qk)_p0 connected in series according to, forming the first half-phase of the second phase of the winding, and the coil groups (b_qky_qk)_p0 and (h_qkd_qk)_p0connected in series according to, forming the second half-phase of the second phase of the winding, while one state of the NOC and NZK of the switching device (off, on) forms the number of poles 2Kp_0,a multiple of two, where K is equal to one, and the number of poles at K equal to two is a different state of the contacts of the LOC and NZK (on, off), changing the phase rotation of the winding.

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