SU970569A1

SU970569A1 - Three-phase pole switchable winding for three-speed ac machine

Info

Publication number: SU970569A1
Application number: SU813284366A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Григорий Михайлович Киричек
Original assignee: Институт Электродинамики Ан Усср
Priority date: 1981-04-24
Filing date: 1981-04-24
Publication date: 1982-10-30

Description

Изобретение относится к полюсопереключаемым обмоткам многоскоростных электрических машин переменного тока.The invention relates to pole-switchable windings of multi-speed AC electric machines.

Известна трехфазная трехскоростная полюсопереключаемая обмотка с отношением чисел пар полюсов 2:3:4, состоящая из 12 катушечных групп. При числе пар полюсов, кратном трем, обмотка соединяется Т-образно с тремя параллельными ветвями [1],Known three-phase three-speed pole switchable winding with the ratio of the numbers of pairs of poles 2: 3: 4, consisting of 12 coil groups. When the number of pole pairs is a multiple of three, the winding is connected T-shaped with three parallel branches [1],

Недостатком данной обмотки является сравнительно большое число выводов (15) ¹ и наличие дополнительной обмотки, занимающей примерно 15% пространства пазов, которая используется только при числе пар полюсов, кратном трем, для устранения несимметрии основной обмотки.The disadvantage of this winding is the relatively large number of conclusions (15) ¹ and the presence of an additional winding, occupying about 15% of the groove space, which is used only when the number of pole pairs is a multiple of three to eliminate the asymmetry of the main winding.

Известна трехфазная трехскоростная обмотка с отношением чисел пар полюсов 2:3:4 [21.Known three-phase three-speed winding with the ratio of the numbers of pairs of poles 2: 3: 4 [21.

Обмотка также имеет 15 выводов, на переключатель скоростей, что усложняет переключающую аппаратуру.The winding also has 15 pins per speed switch, which complicates the switching equipment.

Наиболее близкой к предлагаемой является трехфазная трехскоростная обмотка с отношением чисел пар полюсов 2:3:4, которая вы2 полняется из 12 одинаковых катушечных групп, равномерно распределенных по расточке машины. Нечетные катушечные группы соединены между собой в три. параллельные ветви с двумя встречно включенными катушечными группами в каждой ветви, порядковые номера которых в ветвях 1-7, 9-3, 5-11, а четные катушечные группы соединены между собой попарно встречно с порядковыми номерами 10—4, 6-12, 2—8 и подключены соответственно к точкам соединения двух нечетных катушечных групп в параллельных ветвях. Обмотка двухслойная с минимальным числом одинаковых катушечных групп и небольшим числом выводов (11) [ 3].Closest to the proposed one is a three-phase three-speed winding with the ratio of the numbers of pairs of poles 2: 3: 4, which is made up of 12 identical coil groups evenly distributed over the bore of the machine. Odd reel groups are interconnected in three. parallel branches with two opposite-connected coil groups in each branch, the sequence numbers of which are in branches 1-7, 9-3, 5-11, and even coil groups are connected in pairs in opposite directions with serial numbers 10-4, 6-12, 2 -8 and are connected respectively to the connection points of two odd reel groups in parallel branches. The winding is two-layer with a minimum number of identical coil groups and a small number of leads (11) [3].

Недостатки данной обмотки - ограниченная область применения, определяемая числами пазов, кратными 12, несимметрия токов в фазах при числе пар полюсов Р = 3, ухудшающая характеристики двигателя, а также двухслойное исполнение, повышающее трудоемкость изготовления обмотки.The disadvantages of this winding are its limited scope, determined by the number of grooves that are multiples of 12, the asymmetry of the currents in phases with the number of pole pairs P = 3, worsening the characteristics of the motor, as well as a two-layer design that increases the complexity of manufacturing the winding.

Цель изобретения — расширение области применения трехскоростной обмотки для чис3 ла пазов Z = 54, упрощение конструкции и улучшение характеристик двигателя.The purpose of the invention is to expand the scope of the three-speed winding for the number of grooves Z = 54, simplifying the design and improving the characteristics of the motor.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что каждая из четных катушечных групп выполнена из двух, а каждая из нечетных катушечных 5 групп - из трех концентрически расположенных катушек, причем расположенная внешне третья катушка выполнена с числом витков, равным 0,4 от числа витков в каждой из остальных катушек обмотки, а шаги по па- 10 зам внутренней и внешней катушек четной катушечной группы на одно пазовое деление больше, чем шаги соответствующих катушек I „ нечетной катушечной группы.This goal is achieved by the fact that each of the even coil groups is made of two, and each of the odd coil groups of 5 is made of three concentrically arranged coils, and the third coil located externally is made with the number of turns equal to 0.4 of the number of turns in each of the remaining winding coils, and the steps for 10 pitches of the inner and outer coils of the even coil group by one groove division are larger than the steps of the corresponding coils of the I „odd coil group.

Сущность изобретения пояснена чертежами. 15 На фиг. 1 представлена схема соединения элементов трехфазной трехскоростной обмотки с отношением чисел пар полюсов 2:3:4; на фиг. 2 - развернутая схема трехфазной трехскоростной обмотки с числами полюсов 20 4, 6, 8 для Ζ·= 54.The invention is illustrated by drawings. 15 In FIG. 1 shows a connection diagram of the elements of a three-phase three-speed winding with the ratio of the numbers of pairs of poles 2: 3: 4; in FIG. 2 - a detailed diagram of a three-phase three-speed winding with the number of poles 20 4, 6, 8 for Ζ · = 54.

Предлагаемая трехфазная трехскоростная обмотка с отношением чисел пар полюсов 2:3:4 состоит из 12 катушечных групп, равномерно распределенных по расточке машины. Каждая 25 из четных катушечных групп выполнена из двух, а каждая из нечетных катушечных групгь из трех концентрически расположенных катушек. Внешняя катушка нечетной катушечной группы выполнена с числом витков, рав- зд ным 0,4 от числа витков в каждой из остальных катушек. Шаги по пазам внешней и внутренней катушек четной катушечной группы на одно пазовое деление больше, чем шаги'' внешней и внутренней катушек нечетной катушечной группы (фиг. 2). Нечетные катушечные группы соединены между собой в три параллельные ветви с двумя встречно включенными катушечными группами в каждой параллельной ветви, порядковые номера которых 1—7, 9—3, 5—11. К каждой из средних точек параллельных ветвей подключены две соединенные между собой последовательновстречно четные катушечные группы с порядковыми номерами 10—4, 6—12, 2—8. Точки соединения между собой четных в: нечетных катушечных групп 1—7—10, 3—9—6, 5—11—2 образуют выводы А₄, В₄ и С₄ для Р = 2, а выводами Л₈, В₈ и С₈ для Р = 4 являются выводы из точек соединения четных катушечных групп 10—4, 2—8, 6—12. Для числа ^s0пар полюсов Р = 3 выводами А₆, С₆ служат выводы из точек соединения между собой нечетных катушечных групп 1-9-5, 3-7-11, а вывод В₆ образуется соединением выводов катушечных групп 4, 12, 8, обозначенных соот-55 ветственно А₄/ В₆, В₄/ В₆, С₄/ В₆.The proposed three-phase three-speed winding with the ratio of the numbers of pole pairs 2: 3: 4 consists of 12 coil groups evenly distributed over the bore of the machine. Each 25 of the even reel groups is made of two, and each of the odd reel groups of three concentrically arranged coils. The outer coil of the odd coil group is made with the number of turns equal to 0.4 of the number of turns in each of the remaining coils. The groove steps of the outer and inner coils of the even coil group by one groove division are larger than the steps of the `` outer and inner coils of the odd coil group (Fig. 2). Odd coil groups are interconnected in three parallel branches with two counter-activated coil groups in each parallel branch, the serial numbers of which are 1–7, 9–3, 5–11. To each of the midpoints of the parallel branches are connected two interconnected sequentially even reel groups with serial numbers 10-4, 6-12, 2-8. The points of connection between each other in even: odd coil groups 1–7–10, 3–9–6, 5–11–2 form the terminals A ₄ , B ₄ and C ₄ for P = 2, and the terminals L ₈ , B ₈ and C ₈ for P = 4 are the conclusions from the connection points of even coil groups 10-4, 2-8, 6-12. For the number ^{s0 of} pairs of poles P = 3, conclusions A ₆ , C ₆ are conclusions from points of interconnection of odd coil groups 1-9-5, 3-7-11, and terminal B _{6 is} formed by connecting the conclusions of coil groups 4, 12, 8 designated respectively A ₄ / B ₆ , B ₄ / B ₆ , C ₄ / B ₆ .

Особенностью предлагаемой обмотки является выполнение .катушек четных и нечетных кату шечных групп с шагами по пазам, отличающимися на нечетное число пазовых делений, например на одно пазовое деление для внешних и внутренних катушек. Это обеспечивает получение обмотки с одинаковым пространственным смещением осей последовательно расположенных по расточке машины катушечных групп, равным при Р = 4 120, при Р = 3 90 и при Р = 2 60 эл. град, или 4,5 пазовых деления. Кроме того, при наличии в четных и нечетных катушечных группах неодинакового числа катушек выполнение катушечных групп с различными шагами по пазам позволяет получить практически симметричные системы ЭДС в фазах обмотки, обеспечивающие симметрию токов двигателя при всех значениях чисел пар полюсов, благодаря различным обмоточным коэффициентам. Так в приведенной Tia фиг. 2 обмотке несимметрия ЭДС в параллельных ветвях фаз при Р = 2 не превышает 3,7%, а при Р = 3 отклонение фазных ЭДС обмотки от ЭДС симметричной трехфазной системы не превышает 1,3%. При Р = 4 четные и нечетные катушечные группы в предлагаемой обмотке соединяются между собой последовательно, поэтому имеющее место различие ЭДС в катушечных группах не нарушает равенства токов как в фазах обмотки, так и в параллельных ветвях фаз.A feature of the proposed winding is the execution of coils of even and odd reel groups with groove steps that differ by an odd number of groove divisions, for example, one groove division for external and internal coils. This provides a winding with the same spatial displacement of the axes of the coil groups sequentially located along the bore of the machine, equal at P = 4 120, at P = 3 90 and at P = 2 60 el. hail, or 4.5 groove divisions. In addition, if there are uneven numbers of coils in even and odd coil groups, the execution of coil groups with different groove steps allows obtaining practically symmetric EMF systems in the winding phases, which ensure symmetry of the motor currents at all values of the number of pole pairs, due to different winding coefficients. So in the Tia of FIG. 2 winding the asymmetry of the EMF in the parallel phase branches at P = 2 does not exceed 3.7%, and at P = 3 the deviation of the phase EMF of the winding from the EMF of a symmetric three-phase system does not exceed 1.3%. At P = 4, the even and odd coil groups in the proposed winding are connected together in series, therefore, the difference in the EMF in the coil groups does not violate the equality of currents both in the winding phases and in the parallel phase branches.

Разработанная трехскорестная обмотка однослойно-двухслойная и применима для числа пазов Z = 54. Она имеет 11 выводов и обеспечивает полное использование обмоточной меди на всех полюоностях. При Р = 4 питание подается на выводы А₈, В₈ и С₈, а фазь! обмотки соединяются в звезду с двумя параллельными ветвями путем соединения между собой выводов А₄— А₄/В₆, В₄—В₄/В₆, С₄ — С₄/В₆. Для работы двигателя при Р = 2 питание подается на соединенные между собой выводы А₄—А₄/В₆, В₄—В₄/В₆, С₄— С₄/В₆, а выводы А₈, В₈, С₈ закорачиваются, образуя звезду с четырьмя параллельными ветвями. При числе пар полюсов Р = 3 обмотка соединяется Т-образно с тремя параллельными ветвями. Трехфазное питание подается на выводы А₆, С₆ и соединенные вместе выводы А₄/В₆—B₄/BsС₄/В₆, образующие вывод фазы В₆.The developed triple winding is single-layer-double-layer and is applicable for the number of grooves Z = 54. It has 11 leads and ensures full use of winding copper at all poles. When P = 4, power is supplied to the terminals A ₈ , B ₈ and C ₈ , and the phase! windings are connected to a star with two parallel branches by connecting the terminals A ₄ to A ₄ / B ₆ , B _{4 to} B ₄ / B ₆ , C ₄ to C ₄ / B ₆ . For engine operation at P = 2, power is supplied to interconnected terminals A ₄ —A ₄ / B ₆ , B ₄ —B ₄ / B ₆ , C ₄ —C ₄ / B ₆ , and terminals A ₈ , B ₈ , C _{8 are} shorted to form a star with four parallel branches. With the number of pole pairs P = 3, the winding is connected T-shaped with three parallel branches. Three-phase power is supplied to terminals A ₆ , C ₆ and the terminals A ₄ / B ₆ —B ₄ / BsC ₄ / B ₆ connected together, forming the terminal of phase B ₆ .

Предлагаемая обмотка может быть использована и как двухскоростная с числами пар полюсов Р = 2 и Р = 3 при наличии восьми выводов на переключатель скоростей и полном использовании обмоточной меди на обеих полюсностях. Для этого точки с выводами А₈, В₈, С₈ (фиг. 1) должны быть соединены между' собой.The proposed winding can also be used as a two-speed one with the number of pairs of poles P = 2 and P = 3 in the presence of eight leads to the speed switch and full use of winding copper at both poles. For this, the points with the terminals A ₈ , B ₈ , C ₈ (Fig. 1) must be connected to each other.

Трехскоростная обмотка отличается простотой конструктивного исполнения, небольшим числом катушек и катушечных групп, неболь970569 шим числом выводов, полной симметрией готов в фазах при всех числах пар полюсов. Она может найти широкое использование в многоскоростных асинхронных двигателях.The three-speed winding is notable for its simplicity of design, a small number of coils and coil groups, a small number of leads, complete symmetry ready in phases for all numbers of pole pairs. It can be widely used in multi-speed asynchronous motors.

Экономический эффект от внедрения предла- 5 гаемой трехскоростной обмотки достигается путем расширения области ее использования для Z = 54, упрощения технологии и снижения трудоемкости изготовления, повышения энергетических характеристик и упрощения 10 аппаратуры, управления.The economic effect of the introduction of the proposed three-speed winding is achieved by expanding the field of its use for Z = 54, simplifying the technology and reducing the complexity of manufacturing, increasing energy characteristics and simplifying 10 equipment, control.

Claims

(54) THREE-PHASE INDUSTRIAL SWITCHING FOR THREE-SPEED AC MACHINES The invention relates to pole-selectable windings of multi-speed AC electric machines. A three-phase, three-speed pole-switching winding with a ratio of the numbers of pole pairs of 2: 3: 4, consisting of 12 coil groups, is known. When the number of pairs of poles is three, the winding is connected T-shaped with three parallel branches 1. The disadvantage of this winding is a relatively large number of leads (15) and the presence of an additional winding that takes up about 15% of the slot space used only when the number of pole pairs, a multiple of three, to eliminate asymmetry of the main winding. The three-phase three-speed winding is known with the ratio of the numbers of pole pairs 2: 3: 4 2. The winding also has 15 terminals to the speed switch, which complicates the switching equipment. Closest to the proposed is a three-phase three-speed winding with a reference number of pole pairs of 2: 3: 4, which is made of 2 identical coil groups, uniformly distributed throughout the bore of the machine. The odd coil clusters are interconnected in three. parallel branches with two meeting included coil groups in each branch, the serial numbers of which are in branches 1–7, 9–3, 5–11, and even coil groups are interconnected in pairs with counter order numbers 10–4, 6– 12, 2-8 and are connected respectively to the junction points of two odd coil groups in parallel branches x. The winding is double-layered with the minimum number of identical coil groups and a small number of leads (11). The disadvantages of this winding are a limited area of application, determined by slot numbers that are multiples of 12, the asymmetry of the currents in the phases with the number of pole pairs P 3, which degrades engine performance, and ; ke double-layer design, which increases the complexity of the manufacture of the winding. The purpose of the invention is to disperse the three-speed range for the Z39 39 slot, simplify the design and improve engine performance. This goal is achieved by the fact that each of the even-numbered coil groups is made of two, and each of the odd-numbered coil soils are made of three concentrically arranged coils, with a third outwardly located coil with a number of turns equal to 0.4 of the number of turns in each of the other coils windings, and the steps along the grooves of the inner and outer coils of the even coil group are one more slot division than the steps of the corresponding coils of the odd coil group. The invention is explained in the drawings. FIG. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the connection of elements of a three-phase three-speed winding with the ratio of the numbers of pole pairs 2: 3: 4; in fig. 2 - a three-phase three-speed winding scheme with pole numbers 4, 6, 8 for Z-54 is deployed. The proposed three-phase three-speed winding with the ratio of the numbers of pole pairs 2: 3 consists of 12 coil groups uniformly distributed over the machine bore. The kamsa of even-coil groups is made of two, and each of the odd-sized groups of three concentrically arranged coils. the coil of the odd coil group is filled with a twist of turns equal to 0.4 of the number of turns in each of the remaining coils. The steps along the grooves of the outer and inner coils of the even coil group are one more slot division than the steps of the outer and inner coils of the odd coil group (Fig. 2). The odd coil groups are interconnected in three parallel branches with two E coil groups that have been met; each parallel branch, the sequence number of which is 1-7, 9-3, 5-11. Two interconnected consecutive even-numbered coil groups with the order numbers 10–4, 6–12, 2–8 are connected to each of the middle points of parallel branches. The points of connection between them are; the odd coil groups 1–7–10, 3–9–6, 5–11–2 form pins A4, 84, and C for P 2, and pins Ag, Be, and Cg for P 4 are even terminals Katu of the neck groups 10-4, 2-8, 6-12. For the number of pairs of poles P 3 with Ag, C 5 terminals serving as conclusions from the connection points between each other of the odd coil groups 1-9-5, 3-7-11, the Wb output is formed by the connection of the terminals of the coil groups 4, 12, 8, denoted by A4 (Be, 84 / Bg, € 4 / Be) A feature of the proposed winding was to carry out coils of even and odd cage soil with groove steps differing in an odd number of groove divisions, such as one slot groove for the outer and inner coils. This provides a winding with the same spatial mixing of the axes of the coil groups arranged along the bore of the machine, equal to P 4 120, P 3 90 and P 2 60 zl. hail, or 4.5 slots. In addition, if there are unequal number of coils in the even and odd coil groups, the execution of coil soils with different groove steps allows to obtain almost symmetrical EMF systems in the winding phases, ensuring the symmetry of the motor currents for all values of the pairs of poles, due to different winding factors. So in the above and fig. The 2 windings of the asymmetry of the EMF in the parallel branches of the phases at P 2 do not exceed 3.7%, and at P 3 the deviation of the phase EMF of the winding from the EMF of a symmetrical three-phase system does not exceed 1.3%. With P 4, the even and odd coil groups in the proposed winding are interconnected in series, but the difference in the emf in the coil groups does not violate the equality of the currents both in the phases of the winding and in the parallel branches of the phases. The three-speed winding developed is monolayer bilayer and is applicable to the number of Z 54 slots. It has 11 leads and ensures the full use of winding copper at all poles. At P 4, power is supplied to the Ag, Bg and Cg terminals, and the phase of the winding is connected to a star with two parallel branches by connecting the A4-A4 / Wb, B4-B4 / Wb, C4 - € 4/85 terminals to each other. For engine operation at P 2, power is supplied to interconnected terminals A4-A4 / Wb, 84-B4 / Wb, C4-C4 / Wb, and conclusions AZ, BS, Cg are short-circuited to form a star with four parallel branches. When the number of pairs of poles is P 3, the winding is connected T-shaped with three parallel branches. Three-phase power is supplied to the terminals Ag, Sat and the A4 / Wb-84 / 85C4 / Wb terminals connected together, forming the phase B terminal. The proposed winding can also be used as a two-speed with the numbers of pairs of poles P 2 and P 3 with eight terminals per switch speeds and full use of winding copper on both poles. For this point, the terminals AZ, Bg, Cs (Fig. 1) should be interconnected. The three-speed winding is characterized by simplicity of its design, a small number of coils and coil groups, a small number of conclusions, and complete symmetry of the trains in phases for all numbers of pairs of poles. It can be widely used in multi-speed asynchronous motors. The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed three-speed winding is achieved by expanding the area of its use for the Z 54, simplifying the technology and reducing the labor-intensiveness of manufacturing, improving energy performance and simplifying the equipment, control. Claims Three-phase pole-selectable winding for three-speed AC machines. with the ratio of the numbers of pole pairs 2: 3: 4, consisting of 12 coil groups, evenly distributed along the bore of the machine, in which the odd coil groups are connected in three parallel. branches with two wind-connected coil groups in each parallel branch with serial numbers 1-7, 9-3, 5-П, and even-coil groups are connected to each other in two series-counter with serial numbers 10-4, 6- 12, 2-8 and connected to the middle points of parallel branches of odd coil groups, forming pins for the number of pairs of poles P 2 at the junction points of the coil groups 1-7-10, 9-3-6, 5-11-2, and pins for P "4 are the points of interconnection of two even-numbered coil groups 10-4, 6-12, 2-8 and for P-3 - the points of connection of parallel branches the odd coil groups 1-9-5, 7-3-11 and the combined terminals of the even coil groups 4, 8, 12, characterized in that, in order to expand the area of application of the winding for the number of slots Z 54, to simplify the design and improve engine characteristics, each of the even-numbered coil groups is made of two, and each of the odd, coil groups is made of three concentrically located coils, and the external coil of the odd coil group is arranged with the number of turns equal to 0.4 of the number of turns winding and sha and the grooves outer and inner coils of the coil groups of even one groove-like division more than the grooves steps the outer and inner coils of the coil groups of odd. Sources of information taken into account in the examination of Sequenz N. Die Wicklungen elektrischer Maschinen. Band III. Vienna 1954, p. 179, ris.310.

2. USSR author's certificate number 70232, cl. H 02 K 3/28, 1945.

3. USSR author's certificate №467434, cl. H 02 K 3/28, 1972.

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