RU2006129296A - METHOD FOR SEPARATING AIR BY MEANS OF A LOW-TEMPERATURE PARTITION AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

METHOD FOR SEPARATING AIR BY MEANS OF A LOW-TEMPERATURE PARTITION AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2006129296A
RU2006129296A RU2006129296/06A RU2006129296A RU2006129296A RU 2006129296 A RU2006129296 A RU 2006129296A RU 2006129296/06 A RU2006129296/06 A RU 2006129296/06A RU 2006129296 A RU2006129296 A RU 2006129296A RU 2006129296 A RU2006129296 A RU 2006129296A
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Russia
Prior art keywords
air
column
pressure
directing
heat exchanger
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RU2006129296/06A
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Russian (ru)
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RU2360194C2 (en
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БО Патрик ДЕ (FR)
БО Патрик ДЕ
Original Assignee
Л`Эр Ликид, Сосьете Аноним А Директуар Э Консей Де Сюрвейянс Пур Л`Этюд Э Л`Эксплуатасьон Де Проседе Жорж Клод (Fr)
Л`Эр Ликид, Сосьете Аноним А Директуар Э Консей Де Сюрвейянс Пур Л`Этюд Э Л`Эксплуатасьон Де Проседе Жорж Клод
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Publication of RU2006129296A publication Critical patent/RU2006129296A/en
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Publication of RU2360194C2 publication Critical patent/RU2360194C2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04387—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using liquid or hydraulic turbine expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/0446—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/0446—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases
    • F25J3/04466—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases for producing oxygen as a mixing column overhead gas by mixing gaseous air feed and liquid oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J2200/06—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flow-sheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F25J2215/52—Oxygen production with multiple purity O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F25J2215/54—Oxygen production with multiple pressure O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Способ разделения воздуха посредством низкотемпературной перегонки в установке, содержащей воздухоразделительную колонну (100, 200) двукратного или трехкратного разделения, колонна которого, работающая при более высоком давлении (100), работает при так называемом среднем давлении, и теплообменник (9), при котором:1. The method of separation of air by means of low-temperature distillation in a plant containing an air separation column (100, 200) of double or triple separation, the column of which, operating at a higher pressure (100), operates at the so-called average pressure, and a heat exchanger (9), at which: а) повышают давление всего воздуха до высокого давления, по выбору, по меньшей мере, на 5 бар выше среднего давления и очищают его, по выбору, при этом высоком давлении,a) increase the pressure of all air to a high pressure, optionally at least 5 bar above the average pressure, and purify it, optionally, at this high pressure, b) охлаждают в теплообменнике одну часть потока очищенного воздуха и затем разделяют ее на две фракции,b) cool one part of the stream of purified air in a heat exchanger and then divide it into two fractions, с) расширяют каждую фракцию в турбодетандере (17, 19),c) expand each fraction in a turboexpander (17, 19), d) обеспечивают давление на входе двух турбодетандеров (давления на входе двух турбодетандеров), которое, по меньшей мере, на 5 бар выше среднего давления,d) provide an inlet pressure of two turbo-expanders (inlet pressure of two turbo-expanders), which is at least 5 bar above the average pressure, е) обеспечивают давление на выходе, по меньшей мере, одного из двух турбодетандеров, по существу равное среднему давлению,e) provide an outlet pressure of at least one of the two turboexpanders substantially equal to the average pressure, f) направляют, по меньшей мере, одну часть воздуха, расширенного в, по меньшей мере, одном из турбодетандеров, в колонну среднего давления колонны двукратного или трехкратного разделения,f) directing at least one part of the air expanded in at least one of the turboexpander to the medium pressure column of the double or triple separation column, g) подают в низкотемпературный поджимающий компрессор (23), механически соединенный с одним из двух турбодетандеров, воздух, который подвергали охлаждению в теплообменнике, и нагнетают компрессором воздух при температуре выше температуры на входе, и сжатую таким образом текучую среду снова направляют в теплообменник, в котором подвергают (псевдо)конденсации, по меньшей мере, одну часть текучей среды,g) air is introduced into the low-temperature compression compressor (23) mechanically connected to one of the two turbo expanders, which has been cooled in the heat exchanger, and the air is pumped by the compressor at a temperature above the inlet temperature, and the fluid thus compressed is again sent to the heat exchanger, to which is subjected to (pseudo) condensation of at least one part of the fluid, h) подвергают, по меньшей мере, одну находящуюся под давлением жидкость, выходящую из одной из колонн, (псевдо)испарению в теплообменнике при температуре испарения,h) at least one pressurized liquid leaving one of the columns is subjected to (pseudo) evaporation in a heat exchanger at an evaporation temperature, i) соединяют турбодетандер (17), не соединенный с низкотемпературным поджимающим компрессором, с поджимающим компрессором (5), за которым следует охладитель, и, по выбору,i) connecting a turboexpander (17), not connected to a low temperature booster compressor, with a booster compressor (5) followed by a cooler, and, optionally j) обеспечивают температуру на входе низкотемпературного поджимающего компрессора (23), близкую к температуре (псевдо)испарения жидкости,j) provide an inlet temperature of the low-temperature booster compressor (23) close to the (pseudo) liquid evaporation temperature, отличающийся тем, что используют установку, которая в дополнение к колонне двукратного или трехкратного разделения включает смесительную колонну (300), и направляют воздух, выходящий из, по меньшей мере, одного из турбодетандеров (17, 19), в смесительную колонну, по выбору, после прохождения через колонну среднего давления (100).characterized in that a plant is used which, in addition to the double or triple separation column, includes a mixing column (300), and directs the air leaving at least one of the turboexpanders (17, 19) to a mixing column, optionally, after passing through a medium pressure column (100). 2. Способ по п.1, при котором воздух, направленный к, по меньшем мере, одному из турбодетандеров (17, 19), расположенному перед смесительной колонной по направлению технологического потока, подают из другого поджимающего компрессора (5), а не из низкотемпературного поджимающего компрессора (23), и выводят из этого поджимающего компрессора при давлении выше высокого давления.2. The method according to claim 1, in which the air directed to at least one of the turboexpander (17, 19), located in front of the mixing column in the direction of the process stream, is supplied from another compression compressor (5), and not from a low temperature booster compressor (23), and withdrawn from this booster compressor at a pressure higher than high pressure. 3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, при котором направляют воздух (13, 15), расширенный в, по меньшей мере, одном из турбодетандеров (17, 19), в нижнюю часть смесительной колонны (300) для обеспечения массообмена в ней.3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, in which direct air (13, 15), expanded in at least one of the turboexpander (17, 19), into the lower part of the mixing column (300) to ensure mass transfer in it. 4. Способ по п.1, при котором направляют воздух (123), по меньшей мере, при высоком давлении в нижний ребойлер (301) смесительной колонны (300), где он, по меньшей мере, частично конденсируется до направления в колонну двукратного или трехкратного разделения.4. The method according to claim 1, wherein air (123) is directed, at least at high pressure, to the lower reboiler (301) of the mixing column (300), where it is at least partially condensed before being sent to the column twice or triple separation. 5. Установка для разделения воздуха низкотемпературной перегонкой, содержащая:5. Installation for air separation by low temperature distillation, containing: а) воздухоразделительную колонну (100, 200) двукратного или трехкратного разделения, колонна (100) которого, работающая при более высоком давлении, работает при так называемом среднем давлении,a) an air separation column (100, 200) of double or triple separation, the column (100) of which, operating at a higher pressure, operates at the so-called average pressure, b) теплообменник (9),b) heat exchanger (9), с) средство для повышения давления всего воздуха до высокого давления выше среднего давления и средство для его очистки, по выбору, при этом высоком давлении,c) means for increasing the pressure of all air to high pressure above average pressure and means for cleaning it, optionally, at this high pressure, d) средство для направления одной части потока очищенного воздуха в теплообменник для его охлаждения и средство для разделения этого охлажденного воздуха на две фракции,d) means for directing one part of the stream of purified air to the heat exchanger to cool it and means for separating this cooled air into two fractions, е) два турбодетандера (17, 19) и средство для направления одной фракции воздуха к каждому турбодетандеру,f) two turbo-expanders (17, 19) and a means for directing one fraction of air to each turbo-expander, f) средство для направления, по меньшей мере, одной части воздуха, расширенного в, по меньшей мере, одном из турбодетандеров, в колонну среднего давления колонны двукратного или трехкратного разделения,f) means for directing at least one part of the air expanded in at least one of the turboexpander to the medium pressure column of the double or triple separation column, g) низкотемпературный поджимающий компрессор (23), средство для направления воздуха, предпочтительно отведенного из промежуточной точки в основном теплообменнике, в низкотемпературный поджимающий компрессор и средство для направления воздуха, дополнительно сжатого в низкотемпературном поджимающем компрессоре, в теплообменник в промежуточной точке перед точкой отвода по направлению технологического потока,g) a low-temperature compression compressor (23), means for directing air, preferably discharged from an intermediate point in the main heat exchanger, to a low-temperature compression compressor and means for directing air, additionally compressed in a low-temperature compression compressor, to a heat exchanger at an intermediate point in front of the outlet point in the direction process flow h) средство (500) для повышения давления, по меньшей мере, одной жидкости, выходящей из одной из колонн, средство для направления, по меньшей мере, одной находящейся под давлением жидкости в теплообменник и средство для отвода испарившейся жидкости из теплообменника, иh) means (500) for increasing the pressure of at least one liquid exiting one of the columns, means for directing at least one pressurized liquid into the heat exchanger and means for draining the evaporated liquid from the heat exchanger, and i) низкотемпературный поджимающий компрессор, соединенный с одним из турбодетандеров (19), иi) a low temperature booster compressor connected to one of the turbo expanders (19), and j) турбодетандер (17), не соединенный с низкотемпературным поджимающим компрессором и соединенный с поджимающим компрессором (5), за которым следует охладитель,j) a turboexpander (17) not connected to a low-temperature booster compressor and connected to a booster compressor (5), followed by a cooler, отличающаяся тем, что она содержит смесительную колонну и средство для направления воздуха в смесительную колонну из, по меньшей мере, одного из турбодетандеров (17, 19).characterized in that it contains a mixing column and means for directing air into the mixing column from at least one of the turboexpanders (17, 19). 6. Установка по п.5, содержащая средство для направления одной части воздуха, сжатого в поджимающем компрессоре (5), составляющем средство рассеяния энергии или образующем часть последнего, в, по меньшей мере, один турбодетандер (17, 18) перед смесительной колонной по направлению технологического потока.6. Installation according to claim 5, containing means for directing one part of the air compressed in the booster compressor (5), comprising energy dissipation means or forming part of the latter, in at least one turboexpander (17, 18) in front of the mixing column flow direction. 7. Установка по п.5 или 6, содержащая средство для направления воздуха, выходящего из, по меньшей мере, одного из турбодетандеров (17, 19), в смесительную колонну для обеспечения массообмена в ней.7. Installation according to claim 5 or 6, containing means for directing the air leaving at least one of the turboexpander (17, 19) into the mixing column to ensure mass transfer in it. 8. Установка по п.5, содержащая средство для направления воздуха (123), по меньшей мере, при высоком давлении в нижний ребойлер (301) смесительной колонны (300) и средство для направления воздуха, по меньшей мере, частично сконденсированного в этом нижнем ребойлере, в колонну двукратного или трехкратного разделения.8. Installation according to claim 5, containing means for directing air (123), at least at high pressure, into the lower reboiler (301) of the mixing column (300) and means for directing air at least partially condensed in this lower reboiler, in a column of double or triple separation.
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