RU2004123790A - Химический реактор - Google Patents

Химический реактор Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2004123790A
RU2004123790A RU2004123790/12A RU2004123790A RU2004123790A RU 2004123790 A RU2004123790 A RU 2004123790A RU 2004123790/12 A RU2004123790/12 A RU 2004123790/12A RU 2004123790 A RU2004123790 A RU 2004123790A RU 2004123790 A RU2004123790 A RU 2004123790A
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Russia
Prior art keywords
chemical reactor
zones
channel structure
reactor according
plates
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RU2004123790/12A
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English (en)
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RU2302287C2 (ru
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Энтони Мэттью ДЖОНСТОН (AU)
Энтони Мэттью ДЖОНСТОН
Брайэн Скотт ХЭЙНЕС (AU)
Брайэн Скотт ХЭЙНЕС
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МЕДЖИТТ (Ю Кей) ЛТД (GB)
МЕДЖИТТ (Ю Кей) ЛТД
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
    • B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
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    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
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    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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    • B01J2219/2469—Feeding means
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J2219/2492—Assembling means
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    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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    • C01B2203/0844—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
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    • C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Claims (18)

1. Химический реактор, содержащий
a) насадку, состоящую по меньшей мере из одного пакета металлических пластин, соединенных таким образом, что их поверхности обращены друг к другу в контактирующем прилегании,
б) множество реакционных зон, находящихся в насадке,
в) множество каталитических зон, находящихся в насадке,
г) первую канальную структуру, выполненную по меньшей мере в некоторых пластинах для транспортирования первого реагента в реакционные зоны и между ними, при этом части первой канальной структуры, взаимно соединяющие реакционные зоны, сформированы по меньшей мере на части их длины в качестве теплообменных каналов,
д) вторую канальную структуру, выполненную по меньшей мере в некоторых пластинах и подающую второй реагент в каждую реакционную зону, и
е) третью канальную структуру, выполненную по меньшей мере в некоторых пластинах для транспортирования третьего реагента в каталитические зоны и между ними, при этом части третьей канальной структуры, взаимно соединяющие каталитические зоны, сформированы по меньшей мере на части их длины в качестве теплообменных каналов, расположенных в теплообменной близости с теплообменными каналами первой канальной структуры.
2. Химический реактор по п.1, в котором насадка содержит один пакет металлических пластин, соединенных диффузией и поверхности которых обращены друг к другу в контактирующем прилегании.
3. Химический реактор по п.2, в котором каждая реакционная зона ограничена совмещенными отверстиями в соседних пластинах пакета.
4. Химический реактор по п.2, в котором каждая каталитическая зона ограничена совмещенными отверстиями в соседних пластинах пакета.
5. Химический реактор по одному из пп.2-4, в котором реакционные зоны расположены таким образом, что формируют зоны сгорания.
6. Химический реактор по одному из пп.2-5, в котором реакционные зоны имеют катализатор, выбранный для обеспечения каталитического сгорания первого и второго реагентов.
7. Химический реактор по одному из пп.2-6, в котором пластины пакетированы в повторяющихся группах из шести налагаемых друг на друга пластин, в которых пластины с первой по четвертую (в нисходящем порядке) имеют первую канальную структуру для транспортирования первого реагента в реакционные зоны и между ними, пластины со второй по пятую имеют вторую канальную структуру для подачи второго реагента в реакционные зоны, и пластины с третьей по шестую имеют третью канальную структуру для транспортирования третьего реагента в содержащие катализатор зоны и между ними.
8. Химический реактор по п.7, в котором пластины со второй по пятую имеют толщину, которая меньше толщины других пластин в каждой группе.
9. Химический реактор по п.7 или 8, в котором канальные элементы, которые образуют вторую канальную структуру, имеют площадь сечения, которая меньше площади сечения канальных элементов, образующих первую и третью канальные структуры.
10. Химический реактор по одному из предыдущих пунктов, в котором реакционные зоны расположены двумя параллельными рядами, а первая канальная структура проходит линейно между реакционными зонами.
11. Химический реактор по п.10, в котором содержащие катализатор зоны расположены тремя параллельными рядами, из которых один расположен между рядами реакционных зон, и два других снаружи рядов реакционных зон.
12. Химический реактор по одному из предыдущих пунктов, который выполнен с возможностью использования его в качестве установки конверсии с топливным элементом.
13. Химический реактор по одному из пп.2–12, который размещен в топливном процессоре, имеющем стадию конверсии, которая включает реакционные зоны, в качестве зон теплопроводности, и каталитические зоны.
14. Химический реактор по одному из пп.2–12, который размещен в топливном процессоре при использовании с топливным элементом с мембраной протонного обмена, при этом топливный процессор имеет стадию конверсии, которая включает реакционные зоны, в качестве зон теплопроводности, и каталитические зоны.
15. Химический реактор по п.13 или 14, который размещен в топливном процессоре, содержащем по меньшей мере одну стадию установки предварительной конверсии, включающую по меньшей мере одну каталитическую зону.
16. Химический реактор по п.15, который размещен в топливном процессоре, содержащем по меньшей мере одну установку предварительной конверсии, которая нагревается горячим синтез-газом.
17. Химический реактор по п.15 или 16, который размещен в топливном процессоре, содержащем по меньшей мере одну установку предварительной конверсии, которая нагревается горячим дымовым газом, который во время работы направляется по части третьей канальной структуры.
18. Способ осуществления химической реакции в химическом реакторе, выполненном по одному из предыдущих пунктов, включающий следующие стадии:
а) направляют первый реагент в и последовательно через реакционные зоны в химическом реакторе по первой канальной структуре,
б) направляют второй реагент параллельными потоками в реакционные зоны по второй канальной структуре, при этом второй реагент выбирают из числа реагентов, способных реагировать экзотермически с первым реагентом в соответствующих реакционных зонах, и
в) в то же время направляют третий реагент в и последовательно через катализатор, находящийся в каталитических зонах, по третьей канальной структуре, при этом подвергают реагент воздействию тепла от продукта экзотермической реакции при его прохождении через теплообменные каналы первой канальной структуры.
RU2004123790/12A 2002-01-04 2003-01-03 Химический реактор RU2302287C2 (ru)

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