RU199597U1 - Absorption apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and concerns the shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly for draft gears of passenger rolling stock. The task is to increase the reliability and energy consumption of the draft gear, reduce material costs for its production. The absorber (Fig. 2) contains a housing (1), formed by the bottom (3) and the neck (2), in which the striker (4) is partially located, between which and the bottom (3) there is a back-and-forth device (5) made of elastic-elastic elements (6). At the same time, it is possible to immerse the striker (4) inside the neck (2) of the body (1) along the longitudinal axis (O1). The length (b) of the part of the striker (4) located inside the neck (2) of the body (1) is greater than the length (a ) part of the striker (4) protruding beyond the body (1), while the shortest distance (c) from the longitudinal axis (O1) to the neck surface (2) is greater than the length (a) protruding beyond the body (1) of the striker part (4) . It is advisable to make longitudinal grooves (9) in the striker (4), in which the guide locks (8) can be located, for example, transversely to the longitudinal axis (O1) of the draft gear. Desirably between the striker (4) and the neck (2) of the body (1) ) install the insert (11). It is possible to ensure the centering of the back-and-forth device (5) on the inner surfaces of the neck (2) of the body (1). It is also recommended that the distance (s) between the ends of the guide clips (8) protruding outside the neck (2) was predominantly equal to the width (S) of the bottom (3) of the body (1).

Description

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering and concerns shock absorbers for vehicles, mainly draft gears for passenger rolling stock.

Known draft gear for passenger rolling stock (1), taken as a prototype, containing a body formed by the bottom and the neck, in which the firing pin is partially located, between which and the bottom there is a reciprocating support device made of elastic-elastic elements and plates between them. The possibility of immersing the striker inside the neck of the body is provided. The length of the part of the striker located inside the neck of the body is greater than the length of the part of the striker protruding beyond the body. The shortest distance from the longitudinal axis to the throat surface is greater than the length of the striker part protruding beyond the body.

The device is simple and easy to assemble.

However, the design also has a significant drawback. The back-and-forth device is centered in the body by means of plates in contact with the neck of the body. This makes it necessary to perform precise machining of the inner side of the neck in order to ensure its straightness and low roughness in order to prevent the formation of scuffing by plates on it, deformation of these plates, curvature of the reciprocating device and the appearance of extraneous sounds that can cause discomfort and alertness among passengers of the train. Such a significant drawback increases the economic costs of manufacturing the draft gear, and also reduces its reliability.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to improve the reliability and noiselessness of the draft gear, to reduce the cost of its production.

The task is achieved by the fact that the draft gear (Fig. 1-9) contains a housing (1) formed by the bottom (3) and the neck (2), in which the firing pin (4) is partially located. Between the striker (4) and the bottom (3), there is a back-and-forth device (5) made of elastic-elastic elements (6) interspersed with plates (7). At the same time, it is possible to immerse the striker (4) inside the neck (2) of the body (1) along the longitudinal axis (O1). The length (b) of the part of the striker (4) located inside the neck (2) of the body (1) is greater than the length (a) of the part of the striker (4) protruding beyond the body (1). The shortest distance (c) from the longitudinal axis (O1) to the neck surface (2) is greater than the length (a) of the part of the striker (4) protruding beyond the body (1). A rod (12) is located along the longitudinal axis (O1), one end (K1) of which is located at the bottom (3), and the other end (K2) at the striker (4). In this case, the centering of the back-and-forth device (5) in the housing (1) is provided along the said rod (12).

The provision of centering of the back-and-forth device in the body along the rod allows avoiding contact of the plates of the back-and-forth device with the neck of the body and eliminating the need for expensive precision machining of the inner walls of the neck of the body.

Additional distinctive features of the utility model aimed at enhancing the above-mentioned effects:

- on one side the end (K1) of the rod (12) is rigidly fixed in the bottom (3);

- the end (K1) of the rod (12), located at the bottom (3), is pinched between it and the back-and-forth device (5);

- the end (K1) of the rod (12), located at the bottom (3), is fixed with the possibility of moving the rod (12) relative to the bottom (3);

- the end (K2) of the rod (12) is freely passed through the firing pin (4);

- the end (K2) of the rod (12), located at the striker (4), is equipped with a lock (14), which secures the striker (4) in the body (1);

- the lock (14) is a nut (13) screwed onto the thread made on the end (K2) of the rod (12) located at the striker (4);

- centering of the back-and-forth device (5) in the body (1) is provided both along the rod (12) and the contact of the plates (7) with the neck (2) of the body (1).

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

in fig. 1, 4, 7 show a top view of various versions of the draft gear;

in fig. 2, 5, 8 show a longitudinal section of the draft gear in different versions of its execution according to FIG. 1, 4, 7, respectively, in the initial state;

in fig. 3, 6, 9 - the same as in FIG. 2, 5, 8, but in a fully compressed state of the reciprocating device of the draft gear.

The draft gear comprises (Figs. 1-9) a hollow body 1 formed by a neck 2 and a bottom 3. On the opposite side of the neck 2 to the bottom 3 there is a striker 4, the length of which protruding from it corresponds to the working stroke of the draft gear. The length b of the part of the striker 4 immersed in the neck 2 is greater than the length a of its protruding part, which ensures the stable position of the striker 4 in the neck 2 along the longitudinal axis O1, preventing the striker 4 from skewing.

Between the striker 4 and the bottom 3 of the housing 1, there is a back-and-forth device 5 (Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9), formed of elastic-elastic elements 6, interspersed with plates 7. Elastic-elastic elements 6 are made of polyester material, the properties of which ensure the achievement of high energy consumption of the draft gear.

To ensure high energy intensity and stability of the characteristics of the draft gear, it is necessary to observe the ratio at which the shortest distance c (Figs. 2, 5, 8) from the longitudinal axis O1 to the inner surface of the throat 2 is greater than the length a of the part of the striker 4 protruding from the throat 2. Otherwise In this case, elastic-elastic elements will undergo excessive deformation, which can lead to the destruction of their material and the loss of the required characteristics.

In the construction according to the utility model, in contrast to the prototype, several options for fixing the striker 4 and the reciprocating support device 5 in the housing 1 are possible. This can be implemented using guide clips 8 (Figs. 1-6), which additionally perform the function of direction and stabilization of the striker 4 when it moves inside the neck 2 under the action of an external force Q (Fig. 3, 6). The guide clips 8 can be made, for example, in the form of fingers located in the slots formed in the housing 1, one end of which protrudes outward, and the other enters the grooves 9 made in the striker 4, which prevents the striker 4 from turning during the operation of the draft gear. In this case, it is useful that the distance s between the ends of the guide clips 8 protruding outwardly of the neck 2 is preferably equal to the width S of the bottom 3. In this case, the installation of the draft gear into the car's coupling device is greatly facilitated and its stable position in it is ensured. The guide locks 8 can be secured against falling out by any method known in the art, for example, by means of cotter pins 10.

In order to increase the stability and stability of the striker 4 when it moves inside the neck 2 under the action of an external force Q, it is useful to install between them an insert 11 made of wear-resistant material. This insert 11 provides a gap-free installation of the striker 4 in the neck 2, prevents the formation of distortions and scoring.

The use of the rod 12 in the inventive draft gear can perform several functions:

in the first case, the rod 12 can only perform the function of centering the back-and-forth device 5 in the neck 2 of the body 1 (Figs. 1-3). For example, this option can be implemented by positioning one end K1 of the rod 12 at the bottom 3 of the body 1 with its fixation in it, and the other end K2 of the rod 12 located at the striker 4 freely passes through it;

in another case (Fig. 4-6), the rod 12 performs both the function of centering the back-and-forth device 5 in the neck 2 of the body 1, and prevents the striker 4 from falling out of the body 1 by screwing nuts 13 at its end K2, which is equipped with a thread. The other end of the rod 12 can be pinched between the bottom 3 and the back-and-forth device 5;

in the third case (Figs. 7-9), instead of the nut 13, a retainer 14 can be used, fixed on the rod 12, for example, with a welded seam v, and the rod 12 performs the same function as in the second case. The end K1 of the rod 12 is movable relative to the bottom 3.

The use of the rod 12 makes it possible to exclude the contact of the plates 7 with the neck 2 of the body 1 and, thereby, eliminate the need for expensive machining of this neck 2, however, in the case of a high-quality blank of the body 1 during production, the exclusion of such contact is not necessary, or it is possible to provide such contact with the plates 7 located closer to the bottom 3 (Fig. 8, 9) with the exception of such contacting of the plates 7, located closer to the striker 4. This is due to the small displacement of the plates 7 closest to the bottom 3 and the not so significant influence of the quality of the neck surface on noise and susceptibility to damage.

The described three cases of execution of the ends K1, K2 of the rod 12 may not necessarily be observed in the above combinations and allow other combinations of options.

The use of a nut 13 or a retainer 14 at the end of K2 of the rod 12 at the striker 4 makes it possible not to use the guide retainers 8, which reduces the number of components for the production of the draft gear.

The principle of operation of the draft gear is based on the fact that under the influence of an external force Q (Fig. 3, 6, 9) applied to the striker 4, the reciprocating support device 5 is compressed. In this case, there is an intensive absorption of energy by the elastic-elastic elements 6.

When the impact of the external force Q stops, the back-and-forth device 5 is unclenched, returning the firing pin 4 to its original position (Figs. 2, 5, 8).

Sources of information:

1. Patent RU 189739, IPC B61G 9/06 (2006.01), published May 31, 2019, bul. # 16 - prototype.

Appendix to the application for patenting the utility model "Absorption apparatus"

Claims (8)

1. Absorption apparatus containing a housing (1) formed by the bottom (3) and the neck (2), in which the firing pin (4) is partially located, between which and the bottom (3) is located elastic-elastic elements made of interlaced plates (7) (6) a back-and-forth device (5), while it is possible to immerse the striker (4) inside the neck (2) of the body (1) along the longitudinal axis (O1), and the length (b) of the part of the striker (4) located inside the neck (2) of the body (1), more than the length (a) of the part of the striker (4) protruding beyond the body (1), while the shortest distance (c) from the longitudinal axis (O1) to the neck surface (2) is greater than the length (a) part of the striker (4) protruding beyond the body (1), characterized in that a rod (12) is located along the longitudinal axis (O1), one end (K1) of which is located at the bottom (3), and the other end (K2) at the striker (4), while the centering of the back-and-forth device (5) in the housing (1) is provided along the said rod (12). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on one side the end (K1) of the rod (12) is rigidly fixed in the bottom (3). 3. Apparatus according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that the end (K1) of the rod (12) located at the bottom (3) is pinched between it and the back-and-forth device (5). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the end (K1) of the rod (12) located at the bottom (3) is fixed with the possibility of moving the rod (12) relative to the bottom (3). 5. Apparatus according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the end (K2) of the rod (12) is freely passed through the firing pin (4). 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the end (K2) of the rod (12), located at the striker (4), is equipped with a lock (14), which secures the striker (4) in the housing (1). 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the lock (14) is a nut (13) screwed onto the thread on the end (K2) of the rod (12) located at the striker (4). 8. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the centering of the back-and-forth device (5) in the body (1) is provided both along the rod (12) and the contact of the plates (7) with the neck (2) of the body (1).

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