RU189695U1 - HYDRAULIC DAMPER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to transport engineering and concerns the constructions of telescopic-type hydraulic dampers. The task is to simplify the design and manufacturing technology of the hydraulic damper. The damper (Fig. 2) contains movable and stationary fastening elements (1, 2), as well as covered a reservoir (5) equipped with a bottom (4), in which a cylinder (7) with a piston (8) is placed with the formation of an annular cavity (6), on which a discharge valve (9) is installed and which is connected to a fastened fastening element (1)and a casing (3) a rod (10). The stem passes through the sealing lip (11) and the anti-friction sleeve (12). These bushings are located in a guide (15) made with a drainage hole (13) and a throttle hole (14). There are also other traditional elements of the damper. Moreover, the bottom (4) of the tank (5) is made with a tide (28) that forms an intermediate cavity (29 ), through which the regenerative cavity (21) communicates with the annular cavity (6), with which the drain cavity (27) communicates through an inclined channel (30), made in the guide (15), in which the annular communicated with the rod cavity (24) is made groove (31), which through the choke hole (14) in on governing (15) communicated with the drainage hole (13).

Description

The invention relates to transport engineering and concerns telescopic-type hydraulic damper structures installed on various vehicles, mainly on railway rolling stock for damping oscillations of spring suspension systems.

Known hydraulic damper [1, Patent RU 2288387 C1, IPC F16F 5/00; F16F 9/34, priority of May 16, 2005, published on November 27, 2006], comprising a housing in which a coaxially installed, with the formation of a recuperative cavity, a cylinder with a piston separating the cylinder into piston and rod cavities.

In such a damper, there are unloading and overflow valves for compression and expansion strokes, and throttle channels that connect the rod and piston cavities, and there is also a guide that closes the cylinder from above and has an anti-friction bushing with a seal assembly of the rod passed through it. A valve block is installed on the opposite side of the cylinder, which contains non-return and safety valves, and a throttle channel connecting the piston and recuperative cavities.

The disadvantage of the hydraulic damper analogue [1] is the low reliability of its work. This is due to the fact that the design of the piston assembly with two overflow and two discharge valves, including numerous details, has great inertia, which makes it inefficient and unreliable when operating under conditions of high-frequency vibrations characteristic of the harsh operating conditions of vehicles.

In addition, the piston design in such a damper has opposite flats and a larger number of multidirectional drillings. This complicates the design and production technology of the hydraulic damper. Its assembly is also significantly complicated due to the need for adjusting valves and installing additional locking elements. All this leads to an increase in the labor intensity of manufacturing and assembly, both of the piston assembly and the damper as a whole.

These disadvantages are partially eliminated in the adopted for the prototype utility model damper [2, Patent RU 97461 U, IPC F16F 9/16; F16F 9/34, priority of 05/28/2010, published on 10.09.2010].

The damper contains a movable and stationary fastening elements, as well as a tank enclosed and equipped with a bottom, in which a cylinder with a piston is mounted with an annular cavity and which is equipped with a discharge valve and which is connected to a rod fastened to the casing and a movable fastening element. The rod passes through the sealing cuff and antifriction sleeve, which are fixed in the guide, which covers the cylinder under the casing from above. The guide is fixed in the tank with a nut through the cover covering the guide.

Bottom above the bottom of the tank the cylinder is closed by a partition, the through hole of which is blocked by the inlet valve to form a recuperative cavity between the partition and the bottom of the tank, communicated with the annular cavity through the supply inclined channels made in the bottom of the tank.

The sealing cuff is located in the bore of the guide with the formation of a drain cavity, which, successively through the vertical intermediate channel made in the guideway, the horizontal intermediate channel and the drainage channel, communicates with the annular cavity through a drainage tube located in it. Moreover, the rod end communicates with the drainage channel through the throttle hole, made in the guide with access to the vertical drain channel.

However, the disadvantage of the hydraulic damper prototype [2] is the complexity of its design and manufacturing technology due to the presence of:

- non-technological supply inclined channels made in the bottom of the tank;

- non-technological and with complex drilling for a relatively large length of the vertical and horizontal intermediate channels, made in the guide.

Therefore, the task of the utility model is to simplify the construction and technology of manufacturing a hydraulic damper by achieving a technical result aimed at eliminating the use, as in the prototype [2], of non-technological channels mentioned, by simple design techniques in other elements of the damper.

The task is solved by the fact that in the hydraulic damper (Fig. 1-3), containing movable and stationary fastening elements (1, 2), as well as covered with a casing (3) and equipped with a bottom (4) tank (5), in which with the formation of an annular cavity (6) a cylinder (7) with a piston (8), on which a discharge valve (9) is installed and which is connected to a rod (10) fastened to a movable fastening element (1) and a casing (3), sealing cuff (11) and antifriction sleeve (12), located in the drainage hole (13) with a drainage hole (13), etc. with an axial bore (14) of the guide (15), fixed in the tank (5) with a nut (16) through the cover (17) enclosing the guide (15) and closing the cylinder (7) under the casing (3) above and below the bottom (4) the tank (5) the cylinder (7) is closed by a partition (18), the through hole (19) of which is blocked by the inlet valve (20) with the formation between the partition (18) and the bottom (4) of the tank (5) of the regenerative cavity (21) communicated with an annular cavity (6) in which a drainage tube (22) is located, the upper end of which is associated with a drainage hole (13), except for o, inside the cylinder (7) the piston (8) is divided into the piston cavity (23) and the rod cavity (24), and the sealing cuff (11) is located in the bore (26) of the guide (15) with the formation of a drain cavity (27), reported with the annular cavity (6), with which the rod cavity (24) communicates through the throttle hole (14), made in the guide (15), there are distinctive significant features: the bottom (4) of the tank (5) is made with the tide (28), forming intermediate cavity (29), through which the recuperative cavity (21) communicates with the annular cavity (6), with which the drain The second cavity (27) is communicated through an inclined channel (30), made in the guide (15), in which an annular groove (31) is connected with the rod cavity (24), which through the throttle opening (14) in the guide (15) communicated with the drainage hole (13).

The implementation of the bottom of the tank with the tide, forming a cavity through which the recuperative cavity communicates with the annular cavity, aims to eliminate the need to perform, as in the prototype [2], non-technological inclined supply channels.

The implementation of the inclined channel in the guide, and the message between them drain and annular cavities, will do in comparison with the prototype [2], without non-technological and with complex drilling, a relatively large length, vertical and horizontal intermediate channels made in the guide.

Execution in the guide, communicated with the rod cavity of the annular groove, which through the choke hole in the guide communicates with the drainage hole, is also aimed at not using the mentioned non-technological channels made in the guide.

In the aggregate, the above listed advantages of making individual elements of a hydraulic damper are aimed at simplifying its design and manufacturing technology.

Additional distinctive features of the utility model aimed at enhancing the technical result:

- anti-friction sleeve (12) is made of polyurethane;

- an annular groove (31) in the guide (15) is formed by a protrusion (32), in which an additional seal (33) of the rod (10) is located;

- the cover (17) is fixed on the guide (15) with the help of a pin (36);

- the partition (18) is located in contact with the bottom wall (4) of the tank (5) and is provided with an annular seal (37) at the place of such contact.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a hydraulic damper; in fig. 2 shows its frontal section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 shows an enlarged discharge valve according to the external view B of FIG. 2

The hydraulic damper contains (FIG. 1) a movable fastening element (1) and a fixed fastening element (2), and also (FIG. 2) a casing (3) enclosed in a casing (3) and equipped with a bottom (4) (5).

In the tank (5) is placed with the formation of the annular cavity (6) cylinder (7) with a piston (8), which is equipped with a discharge valve (9). The piston (8) is connected to the rod (10), which is fastened to the movable fastening element (1) and the casing (3). The rod (10) passes through a sealing collar (11), for example, a rubber one, and an antifriction sleeve (12), for example, a polyurethane one. These bushings are located in the guide (15) provided with a drain hole (13) and a throttle hole (14).

The guide (15) is fixed in the tank (5) by a nut (16) through the cover (15) covering the guide (15). The guide (15) closes the cylinder (7) under the casing (3) from above.

Bottom above the bottom (4) of the tank (5), the cylinder (7) is closed by a partition (18), the through hole (19) of which is blocked by the inlet valve (20) forming a regenerative cavity between the partition (18) and the bottom (4) of the tank (5) (21).

The recuperative cavity (21) is in communication with the annular cavity (6), in which the drainage tube (22) is located, the upper end of which is associated with the drainage hole (13). Inside the cylinder (7), the piston (8) is divided into a piston cavity (23) and a rod cavity (24).

The fixed fastening element (2) is rigidly connected to the bottom (4) by means of two welding seams (25).

Sealing cuff (11) is located in the bore (26) of the guide (15) with the formation of a drain cavity (27) in communication with the annular cavity (6), with which the rod cavity (24) communicates through the throttle opening (14), made in the guide ( 15).

The bottom (4) of the tank (5) is made (Fig. 1 and 2) with a tide (28) forming (Fig. 2) an intermediate cavity (29) through which the recuperative cavity (21) communicates with the annular cavity (6), with wherein the drain cavity (27) is communicated through an inclined channel (30) made in the guide (15), in which an annular groove (31) communicated with the rod cavity (24) is made, which through the throttle opening (14) in the guide (15), communicated with the drainage hole (13).

An annular groove (31) in the guide (15) is formed by a protrusion (32), in which there is an additional seal (33) of the rod (10), made, for example, in the form of a rubber ring.

The nut (16) rests with its wedge surface on the wedge surface (as shown in FIG. 2) of the spacer washer (34), which is located on the annular shoulder (35) of the cover (17). And that is fixed on the guide (15) with the help of a pin (36).

The partition (18) is located in contact with the wall of the bottom (4) of the tank (5) and is provided with an annular seal (37), for example, a rubber seal at the point of such contact.

The movable fastening element (1) and the fixed fastening element (2) consist of an eyelet (38), in the hole of which it is seated through an elastic sleeve (39), for example, a rubber, metal sleeve (40) with clips (41) at its ends, limiting its axial movement. The longitudinal holes (42) of the metal bushings (40) of the movable fastening element (1) and the fixed fastening element (2) are arranged to arrange (not shown) in them the rods of the reciprocal fastening elements of the vehicle moving relative to each other.

The eye (38) of the movable fastening element (1) is rigidly connected to the stem (10) and figured disk (43), which is seated on the upper end of the stem (10). The bar (45) is bolted to it (44), which is welded to the casing (3).

The piston (8) is screwed on the thread of the lower end of the stem (10) and has its own piston seals (46) with cylinder walls (7), as well as through windows (47), which are initially blocked (Fig. 2.3) with a spring disk (48 ) the discharge valve (9), which with its peripheral part is pressed against the upper ends of the through windows (47) of the piston (8), blocking them. This pressure is provided by the valve washer (49), the through channels (50) of which were initially blocked by the valve plate (51), pressed by the upper conical spring (52) relative to the valve sleeve (53) locked at the lower end of the stem (10). The valve washer (49) initially rests on the restrictive ring (54) of its movement, which abuts against the upper lip of the hub (55) of the piston (8).

The inlet valve (20) is made (Fig. 2,3) in the form, for example, (Fig. 3) of a plate (56) made of steel and passed through a rivet (57), the cap (58) of which is located in a recess (59) the lower end of the stem (10) and pressed by the lower conical spring (60) relative to the plate (56), pressing it initially against the seats (61) in the partition (18), blocking initially its through holes (19).

The principle of operation of the hydraulic damper is based on the alternate movement (Fig. 2) of the piston (8) with the rod (10) up (stretching stroke) or down (compression stroke), depending on the alternating load on the frame of a moving vehicle.

In this case (Fig. 3), the valve plate (51) closes or opens the through channels (50) in the valve washer (49), ensuring the appropriate direction of flow of the working fluid (not shown) with throttling through the said through channels (50) and the orifice ( 14) in the guide (15). This creates a damping of alternating loads falling on the movable fastening element (1) and the fixed fastening element (2) in the simplified design of the hydraulic damper according to the utility model.

Information sources:

1. Patent RU 2288387 C1, IPC F16F 5/00; F16F 9/34, priority of May 16, 2005, published on November 27, 2006.

2. Patent RU 97461 U, IPC F16F 9/16; F16F 9/34, priority of 05/28/2010, published on 10.09.2010 / prototype /.

Claims (5)

1. A hydraulic damper containing a movable and stationary fastening elements (1.2), as well as a tank (5) covered by a casing (3) and equipped with a bottom (4), in which a cylinder (7) is placed with the formation of an annular cavity (6) a piston (8), on which the unloading valve (9) is installed and which is connected to a rod (10) fastened to a movable fastening element (1) and a casing (3), passing through the sealing collar (11) and antifriction sleeve (12), located in a guide (15) with a drain hole (13) and a throttle hole (14), secured the nut (16) through the cover (15) covering the guide (15) and the cylinder (7) closing under the casing (3) above, and the cylinder (7) below the bottom (4) of the tank (5) (18), the through hole (19) of which is blocked by the inlet valve (20) with the formation between the partition (18) and the bottom (4) of the reservoir (5) of the recuperative cavity (21) communicated with the annular cavity (6) in which the drainage tube (22), the upper end of which is connected with the drainage hole (13), in addition, inside the cylinder (7) the piston (8) is divided into pistons the cavity (23) and the rod cavity (24), and the sealing cuff (11) is located in the bore (26) of the guide (15) to form a drain cavity (27) in communication with the annular cavity (6), from which the rod cavity (24 ) communicated through the throttle hole (14), made in the guide (15), characterized in that the bottom (4) of the tank (5) is made with the tide (28), forming an intermediate cavity (29), through which the recuperative cavity (21) is communicated with an annular cavity (6), with which the drain cavity (27) communicates through an inclined channel (30), made in the direction boiling (15) in which is formed a cavity communicated with the rod (24) an annular groove (31), through which orifice (14) in the guide (15) is communicated with the drain opening (13). 2. Damper according to claim. 1, characterized in that the anti-friction sleeve (12) is made of polyurethane. 3. Damper according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular groove (31) in the guide (15) defines a protrusion (32) in which an additional seal (33) of the rod (10) is located. 4. Damper according to claim. 1, characterized in that the cover (17) is fixed on the guide (15) with the help of a pin (36). 5. The damper according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition wall (18) is located in contact with the bottom wall (4) of the tank (5) and is provided with an annular seal (37) at the place of such contact.

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