RU187323U1 - PEDAL ROOF BUILDING WITH A DEVICE FOR PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF Icicles, NALEDIA AND SNOW ROOFS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the reconstruction of buildings with a pitched roof, and can be used to prevent the formation of icicles, ice and snow cornices on the roofs of such houses. The building with a pitched roof contains load-bearing walls 1 and 2, ceilings, a roof with a roof 3 and, located along one external load-bearing wall of the building, located on the side of the stairwells 6, a balcony-accumulator 5 open on top for collecting precipitation. The outer wall of the storage balcony 5 is formed by a part of the load-bearing wall 1 of building 1, which protrudes above the ceiling of the last floor of the house. The internal wall of the storage balcony 5 is the wall of the building superstructure, and the floor of the storage balcony 5 is located above the upper ceiling of the last floor of the building and is connected to the drainage system. The roof 3 of the superstructure is made with a slope towards the storage balcony 5 and represents an operated roof - a terrace. The utility model allows preventing overflow of the storage balcony with snow, increasing the area of the built-in housing, improving the specific characteristics of the built-in housing, preventing the leakage of apartments located on the top floors of houses in which the attic is equipped for residential purposes.

Description

The utility model relates to the reconstruction of buildings with a pitched roof, and can be used to prevent the formation of icicles, ice and snow cornices on the roofs of such houses.

In Russia, the main way to deal with icicles on the roofs of buildings with pitched roofs is to manually remove them using shovels, crowbars and other trench tools. The implementation of such “technology” puts the lives of people who shoot down icicles and pedestrians walking past these houses at risk. Huge amounts of money are being spent on the work of collecting icicles, loading the discarded snow and downed icicles on motor vehicles and transporting them either to snow melting points or to the countryside. Significant funds are also spent on rebuilding roofs damaged as a result of ice fighting.

There are various ways to deal with icicles:

quick destruction of icicles with the help of electrical impulses;

the use of anti-icing coatings;

the use of a periodically vibrating device stretched around the entire roof of the building;

the use of a polymer gut, laid along the entire perimeter of the roof of the house, which is pumped with air, and thanks to which an ice growth flies off the roof;

spraying a special ceramic-polymer coating with heat-insulating, waterproofing and anti-corrosion properties;

electric cable heating of roof overhangs and downspouts;

device at a short distance above the existing pitched roof of another roof;

effective insulation of the attic, thermal insulation of the upper filling pipes, vertical ventilation ducts of the house through which a lot of heat comes out - this is what is included in the concept of “ensuring the temperature and humidity of the attic”.

All of these methods are aimed at solving only one aspect of this multi-parameter problem or at eliminating one of the causes of ice formation without affecting the others.

It is known that a reconstructed building with a pitched roof contains load-bearing walls, roof coverings placed on rafters and crates, at least one interfloor overlap and a device for collecting precipitation located along the lower roof slope connected to a drainage system. A device for collecting precipitation is made in the form of flanging along the lower slope of the roof or in the form of a gutter mounted on a cornice. Gutter funnels are brought to the edges of the flare or gutter. Additionally, in the coating along the flanging or in the trough, metering holes for water drainage are made (RU 2301869 C2, publ. 06.27.2007).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the complexity (bulkiness) of the design proposed for its practical implementation, and as a result, a significant increase in the cost of the proposed method. It can be effective at small angles of inclination of the roof to the horizontal (pitched roofs in houses of pre-revolutionary and “Stalinist” buildings are 30-45 degrees, and in the northern regions they can reach up to 60 degrees) and can be used to prevent icicles formed on pitched overhangs the roof of the house during the thaw, and not the ice formed in the drainpipe (the patent does not propose a solution to the problem of ice formation in it, which will subsequently lead to the formation of icicles on top of the drainage funnel).

Closest to the proposed solution is a reconstructed building with a pitched roof, containing load-bearing walls, a roof covering placed on rafters and a crate and a device for collecting precipitation located along the perimeter of the roof, connected to the drainage system, the edges of the roof covering being located in plan from the top the end of the outer load-bearing walls, and the device for collecting precipitation is made in the form of at least one open tank, located in plan between the edge to a roof covering along which the inner wall of the tank is located, and an outer supporting wall adjacent to the outer wall of the tank, the tank being connected to the drainage system, preferably through openings in the bottom, the surface of which has slopes towards the openings. At the same time, the walls installed on the upper ceiling have windows and / or balcony doors, which can be used as an exit to the balcony from the attic type rooms located in the attic of the building. In a preferred embodiment, the drainage system includes at least one downpipe installed on a stairwell in the stairwell (RU 2481443 C1, publ. 05/10/2013).

Such a technical solution has the following significant practical disadvantages.

1) Possible leakage over time of drain pipes located horizontally. Obviously, the drainage of the snow melted in these pockets and ice in the city storm sewer located in the basement of the house can only be arranged through public places, as their owners will not agree with the installation of drain pipes in apartments. The easiest way is to install a riser to drain the melted water into the city storm sewer in the stairwell entrance. Thus, it turns out that only one drain pipe can be installed in the staircase (on the stairwell), and two pockets for accumulating snow and ice (one from the entrance to the house’s entrances and the other from the opposite, where only the apartments are located). And the minimum length of the drain pipes from a distant storage pocket as far as possible from the stairwell is about 9 m. In the vast majority of cases, the standard diameter of the drain pipes is 100 mm and their length is 2 m. In addition, they are rigid and do not bend. The required length of the drain riser is achieved by connecting these pipes through the rubber gaskets in them one to another. Rubber seals tend to dry out over time, crack and leak. When the joints of these pipes are carried out vertically, the depressurization of the rubber gaskets over time does not lead to leaks, because water flows from top to bottom at high speed and practically does not touch gaskets. When the drain pipes lie almost horizontally, the water flows slowly and flows into the gasket, which has dried up over time, which will eventually lead to leaks on the ceilings of the apartments of the last floor.

2) Possible overfill of storage pockets with snow. With a sufficiently large angle of inclination of the pitched roof of the house after heavy snowfall, a significant part of the snow falls out into the storage pocket and is there for a long time until the thaw occurs, i.e. until the winter temperature rises to positive values. This can lead to overfilling of the storage pocket with snow and ice and increases the risk to the health of citizens passing by such a house. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to increase the size of the pocket-drive, and this in turn leads to a decrease in the area of attic-type apartments built on or in the attic of such a house.

3) Deterioration of the view from the windows in the superstructure of the house and a decrease in the comfort of living in it. In the event of heavy snowfall, the view from the vertical windows of such apartments, partially covered by snow or ice on the windows, can be significantly impaired. In addition, if you do not change the existing pitched roof shape, from the dormer-windows in such apartments inserted into the pitched roof, only the sky, the sun will be visible, but the surroundings will not be visible. This leads to the uncomfortability of living in such apartments, which most directly affects their cost.

4) The presence of two snow storage pockets with a width of at least 1 m each leads to a sufficiently large loss of the attic area arranged in the attic of the house - about 20-25% of the attic floor area (the vast majority of houses are about 12 m wide).

The technical problem of this utility model is preventing leakage of apartments located on the top floors of houses in which the attic is being built for residential purposes, increasing the area of housing being reconstructed in the attic and improving the specific characteristics of the housing being reconstructed.

The technical result achieved by the utility model consists in eliminating overfilling of the storage balcony with snow, preventing the possibility of leaks from the gutter pipes by eliminating docked pipe sections in the drainage system with a small angle of inclination to the horizon, and also in increasing the superstructure area due to the installation of only one balcony - a drive on one side of the building and the use of the area previously occupied by the second balcony-drive on the other side of the building as a usable area of the superstructure, and by a device on the roof of the exploited roofs - terraces.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the building with a pitched roof, containing load-bearing walls, interfloor ceilings, a roof with a roof and located along only one external load-bearing wall of the building, located on the side of the stairwells, is open on top of a storage balcony for collecting precipitation, the outer wall of which formed by the upper part of the outer load-bearing wall of the building, the inner wall of the storage balcony is the wall of the superstructure of the building, and the floor of the storage balcony is located above the upper floor of the last and building and connected to the drain system, the roof is made in the form of terraces operated with a bias towards the balcony storage.

In addition, the wall of the superstructure, which is the inner wall of the storage pocket, can be made vertical, and it has windows and / or balcony doors.

In addition, it is advisable that the roof or part of the roof was made of material or covered with a material with a high coefficient of friction with snow or other rough coating that retains snow.

In this case, the drainage system may include either downpipes installed on the stairwells or external downpipes installed on the side of the stairwells.

It is proposed to leave in the building one balcony-accumulator of snow on the side of the stairwells of the building, and use the place that the second balcony-accumulator took in the prototype as a full-fledged housing, designing the superstructure with a section in the form, in particular, of a practically rectangular trapezoid with an open terrace operated roof) over the superstructure, and this terrace will become the second level of the reconstructed apartments, which can be used to relax the people living in them. At the same time, it is proposed to hold the pipes of the internal drain in the existing house vertically in a duct located in the common areas (on stairwells), or use the existing external drainpipes from the side of the stairwells. In the same box, it is proposed to carry risers for heating, cold and hot water supply for their supply from the basement of the house to the built-in apartments.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the upper part of the proposed building with a vertical superstructure wall from the side of the storage balcony, in section.

In FIG. 2 shows the upper part of the proposed building with an inclined superstructure wall from the side of the storage balcony, in section.

The building with a pitched roof contains the external load-bearing walls 1 and 2, the ceilings are interfloor and upper, as well as the roof 3. The upper ceiling 4 serves as the basis for the superstructure. Along one upper edge of the building is located on top of the balcony-drive 5 for collecting atmospheric precipitation. The outer wall of the storage balcony 5 is formed by the upper part of the load-bearing wall 1, located on the side of the stairwells 8, or by a specially built hermetic extension, if the height of this upper part of the load-bearing wall 1 is insufficient for a full storage balcony. The inner wall of the storage balcony 5 is the first wall of the building superstructure. Floor 6 of the storage balcony 5 is located above the upper floor 4 of the last floor of the building. The storage balcony 5 is connected by recesses in its floor 6 with a gutter system, which includes gutter risers 7 mounted on stairwells 8. In regions with mild winters, you can use the existing external gutter system, rather than making an internal gutter on the stairwells of houses. The second opposite wall of the superstructure is fully or partially formed by the superstructure of the upper part of the other bearing wall 2 of the building, while the upper part of the second wall of the superstructure above the supporting wall 2 is usually thinner than the thickness of the supporting wall 2. Windows 9 are located in this wall.

The roof 3, used as a terrace, is made with a small slope, for example, 5-10 degrees towards the storage balcony 5. In FIG. 1 shows a variant when the inner wall of the storage balcony 5 is formed by the vertical wall 11 of the superstructure, in which the windows and / or balcony doors 12 are located.

In another embodiment (Fig. 2), the wall of the storage balcony 5 is at the same time an inclined wall of the superstructure in which the windows 10 are located.

The roof 3, made in the form of a terrace, should have fences 13 around the entire perimeter of this section (Fig. 2).

In the proposed technical solution, the roof 3 is almost flat with a slight angle of inclination towards that part of the building where the stairwells 8 and the storage balcony 5 are located. Thanks to this, the snow that lies on the almost flat roof does not move down (does not roll) down. The storage balcony 5 is not overflowing with snow. Only meltwater flows down (into this storage balcony) when the ambient temperature becomes positive in winter, and immediately flows down from the storage balcony (down this storage balcony) 7. Such a slight angle of inclination of the roof 3 and its rough coating make it possible to use it at the same time as a storage (store) for the fallen snow in the winter and a terrace (operated roof) in the summer and perform a balcony storage 5 significantly smaller than in the case of a pitched roof (in the prototype). This will allow, by reducing the size of the storage balcony 5, to further increase the area of built-in apartments. At the same time, it is advisable that the roof of the superstructure - the same roof 3 or the upper part of the roof 3 with a small angle of inclination - be made or covered with a material with a high coefficient of friction with snow or other rough coating that traps the snow. A rough coating (for example, sandpaper) can be made of small smooth (polished) crystals glued to this paper. The coefficient of friction of snow over crystals can be low, and this coating delays the snow.

Claims (5)

1. A building with a pitched roof, containing load-bearing walls, ceilings, a roof with a roof and located along one external load-bearing wall of the building, located on the side of the stairwells, an open-top balcony for collecting precipitation, the outer wall of which is formed by the upper part of the external load-bearing walls of the building, the inner wall of the storage balcony is the wall of the superstructure of the building, and the floor of the storage balcony is located above the upper floor of the last floor of the building and is connected to the drainage system, while the roof It is full operated in the form of a terrace with a slope towards the storage balcony. 2. The building according to claim 1, in which the wall of the superstructure, which is the inner wall of the storage pocket, is made vertical, and windows and / or balcony doors are installed in it. 3. The building according to claim 1, in which the roof or part of the roof is made of material or covered with a material with a high coefficient of friction with snow or other rough coating that traps the snow. 4. The building according to claim 1, in which the drainage system includes drainpipes installed inside the stairwells. 5. The building according to claim 1, in which the drainage system includes external drainpipes installed from the side of the stairwells.

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