RU186430U1 - Contact insert of current collectors of trolley buses - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to electrical devices for power circuits of electric vehicles and is intended for use as trolley bus current collector inserts. The technical result is achieved by the contact insert of trolley bus current collectors made in the form of a plate of pressed powder composite material based on carbon graphite with a working part corresponding to the contact profile wires, with a conductive element placed in it - an insert, made in the form of a cylinder, we obtain it can be pressed with a mouth piece from a carbon-graphite-copper alloy composite, with an electrical resistance an order of magnitude lower than that of carbon graphite, located in the working part of the contact insert 1-1.5 mm below the level of its working surface and fixed with two vertically arranged copper pins. This useful model is to increase the service life of the contact insert and contact wires of trolleybus lines (contact network).

Description

The utility model relates to electrical devices for power circuits of electric vehicles and is intended for use as trolley bus current collector inserts.

Trolley current collectors use contact inserts that differ in design (end profile shape, cross-sectional configuration), material (coal-graphite, metal and cermet), as well as the distribution of the metal component in the insert volume, etc.

The use of this or that type of inserts is determined by technical characteristics: a decrease in electrical resistance with the same wear resistance, mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity, sparking while ensuring the durability of contact wires of trolleybus lines, as well as their cost, which is often determining for the consumer.

Known single-layer design of coal-graphite contact insert "standard MTRZ" (see Ivin K.V., Trofimov A.N., Engels G.G. Current collection of urban land transport. - M .: Publishing house of construction literature, 1965. - P. 115; Fig. 56) in the form of a plate with a working part corresponding to the profile of the contact wire, made of composite material based on graphite.

The disadvantages of this contact insert include low wear resistance and mechanical strength; moreover, an increase in strength and wear resistance by increasing the binder in the composition of the conductive composite material leads to an increase in electrical resistance and a decrease in operational characteristics, limiting its use.

A known contact insert (see. Berent V.Ya. Materials and properties of electrical contacts in road transport devices - M .: Intekst, 2002. - S. 408), made in the form of a plate with a working part corresponding to the shape of the contact wire, and symmetrical ends .

However, the disadvantage of this design is the impossibility of reducing the electrical resistance of the insert by changing its constituent ingredients, as well as the low wear resistance of the insert.

Known contact insert made of carbon graphite material (patent RU 2130390, IPC B60L 5/08, publ. 05/20/1999), made for trolley current collectors. The contact insert is made of two layers. The top layer with a working surface corresponding to the profile of the contact wire is made of composite material based on graphite. The bottom layer is made of composite material based on graphite with a metal additive in the form of a powder. The positive side of this insert design is that it wears out the contact network a little, is made of available materials and has a low cost.

The disadvantages of this insert include its low wear resistance and mechanical strength; moreover, increasing strength and wear resistance by increasing the amount of binder in the composition of the conductive composite material leads to an increase in electrical resistance and a decrease in operational characteristics, limiting its use.

Known contact insert (patent RU 120051, IPC B60L 5/08, publ. 09/10/2012) in the form of a plate of pressed powder composite material based on carbon graphite with a working part corresponding to the profile of the contact wire, and a conductive element is placed in the contact insert, comprising 3-5% of its volume and made of composite material with an electrical resistance less than that of carbon graphite. The positive side of this insert design is that it has a low Electrical resistance, 2-3 times less than that of the carbon graphite base from which it is made.

The disadvantages of this contact insert include the fact that the conductive element, due to its low percentage by volume of the carbon graphite insert, does not achieve maximum wear on the inserts (due to voltage concentrators in the form of holes in the body of the insert).

Known contact insertion of current collectors of trolleybuses (patent RU 160387, IPC B60L 5/08, publ. March 20, 2016), made in the form of a plate of pressed powder composite material based on carbon graphite with a working part corresponding to the profile of the contact wire, placed in it a conductive element in the form of an insert made of a carbon-graphite composite - an aluminum alloy located in the working part of the contact insert with an electrical resistance an order of magnitude lower than that of carbon graphite.

The disadvantage of this contact insert is the use of a composite in combination with an aluminum alloy, which has a greater (compared to copper) electrical resistance and hardness, which, when the liner is worn, negatively affects the wear of the contact wire.

The closest is the contact insert of the current collectors of trolley buses (patent RU 160301, IPC B60L 5/08, published March 10, 2016), made in the form of a plate of pressed powder composite material based on carbon graphite with a working part corresponding to the profile of the contact wire, with in it a conductive element - an insert made of a carbon-graphite-type composite - a copper alloy, made in the form of a bar with a cross section in the form of a trapezoid, with an electrical resistance an order of magnitude lower than that of carbon graphite, located in the working th part of the contact insert and fixed by two vertically arranged copper pins.

The disadvantage of this device is the short life of the contact insert and tangible wear of the contact network.

The objective of the technical solution is to develop the design of the contact insert of the current collectors of trolley buses with high wear-resistant and lubricating properties.

The technical result of this utility model is to increase the service life of the contact insert and the contact wires of the trolleybus lines (contact network).

The specified technical result is achieved by using the contact insert of the trolleybus current collectors, made in the form of a plate of pressed powder composite material based on carbon graphite with a working part corresponding to the profile of the contact wire, with a conductive element placed in it - an insert made of a carbon-graphite composite - copper alloy, with electric resistance an order of magnitude smaller than that of carbon graphite, located in the working part of the contact insert and fixed by two vertically Position of the copper pins, wherein the insert is made as a cylinder, and compressing the resultant mouthpiece is 1-1.5 mm below the working surface of the contact insert.

The location of the conductive element (insert) in the working part of the contact insert is 1-1.5 mm below the level of its working surface and its execution in the form of a cylinder made of a carbon-graphite-copper composite obtained by die-pressing using an electrical resistance an order of magnitude lower than that of carbon graphite reduce the electrical resistance of the contact insert and increase its wear resistance. The cylindrical shape of the liner ensures its stable fixation in the hole made in the contact insert, and two vertically arranged copper pins additionally fix the conductive element and provide a more efficient transmission of electrical energy to the trolleybus energy system.

The location of the cylindrical liner 1-1.5 mm below the level of the working surface of the contact insert with dynamic load ensures that each collector assembly (in the part of the cylindrical liner) is run-in to the features of the contact wire, which in turn provides better interaction of the contacting surfaces, increasing the efficiency of the contact insert.

The structure of the cylindrical liner obtained by piece pressing provides the most sparing effect on the contact wires of trolleybus lines, while maintaining operational performance at an optimal level.

In FIG. 1 shows a proposed insert in longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - insert, side view; in FIG. 3 - insert, cross section.

The contact insert of the trolleybus current collectors is made in the form of a plate 1 of pressed powder composite material (KM) based on carbon graphite, having symmetrical profiled sockets 2 at the ends and a working part 3 in the form of a groove corresponding to the profile of the contact wire 4, placed in the working part 3 on 1 -1.5 mm below the level of the working surface of the contact insert with a conductive element 5, made in the form of a cylindrical insert, obtained by piece pressing from a carbon-graphite-alloy composite edi, with an electrical resistance on the order of less than that of carbon graphite. The conductive element 5 is installed in the hole and fixed with two vertically arranged copper pins 6.

The conductive element 5 made in the form of a cylinder makes up 9-12% of its volume of the contact insert, does not violate the integrity and quality of the contact network and provides an order of magnitude reduction in the electrical resistance of the contact insert while maintaining wear resistance and high lubricating properties.

The conductive element 5 is made in the form of a cylinder made of a composite obtained by mouthpiece pressing of carbon graphite chips formed during drilling with a mixture of 40:60 grains based on M00 (40%) and an alloy based on copper in the form of grains 0.015 mm containing phosphorus, zinc as a surface -active substance and iron as an inoculator in the following ratio of components (wt.%):

Phosphorus 4.0-8.0 Zinc 0.5-12.5 Iron 0.5-1.5 Copper Rest.

The proportion of the metal component in the composite liner is not more than 14%.

Mouthpiece pressing provides uniform distribution of copper grains in the volume of the conductive element 5 and its optimal strength characteristics.

The manufacturing technology of contact inserts of trolleybuses is traditional and includes operations of crushing and grinding of the initial components, their mixing in Z-shaped mixers or other types of mixers. When filling the cells of the molds with the charge, the volumetric dosing method is used. The sequence of filling depends on the geometric shape of the lower punch of the mold:

- if the lower punch is the shaping surface of the groove, then at first the cells are filled with a coal-graphite charge, i.e. graphite based composition;

- if the upper punch forms the shape-forming contact surface with the trough, then the order of filling the charge is the reverse — first charge the charge with graphite-based composite material.

The pressing of the contact inserts is carried out according to the known technological mode: the specific pressing pressure is 180-300 kg / cm ² ; isothermal pressing temperature - (180 ± 5) ° С; pressing time 1.5-3 min; temperature and thermal stabilization time of the insert, respectively (180 ± 5) ° С, (30-40) min.

In the working part of the prepared insert, a cylindrical hole is made along the length of the contact insert with a length of 70 mm and a diameter of 8 mm, corresponding to the parameters of the conductive element 5 and two vertical through holes through which the insert is fixed using two copper pins 6.

A cylindrical conductive element 5 is inserted into the obtained hole, with holes previously made in it, corresponding to the holes in the contact insert, and fixed with two copper pins 6.

The volume fraction of this conductive element 5 made of composite material is 9-12% of the volume of the contact insert. The width of the conductive element 5, made in the form of a liner-cylinder does not exceed the surface of interaction with the contact wire 4.

Contact insert works as follows.

After installing it in the current collector of the trolleybus and preloading with a force of 11.8-14.2 kg, it is tightly contacted with the contact wire and the current is removed from it and transmitted through the current collector's electric circuit to the energy system of the trolleybus, both in a static position and during movement .

As shown by experimental studies, the proposed liners for trolley bus inserts in their operational characteristics significantly exceed the corresponding characteristics of the prototype, while the current collector surface of the insert itself and the surface of the contact copper wire remain clean, smooth, have no traces of material transfer and electrocorrosion, since contact wire does not occur.

From the world practice of using trolleybus inserts made of KM, the share of the metal component of 30-35% is considered optimal (Berent V.Ya. Materials and properties of electrical contacts in railway transport devices - M., Intekst, 2005. - P. 408.), however, this applies to the entire volume of the trolleybus insert, which is made of metal-impregnated carbon graphite. This technical solution allows to reduce the expensive metal component (copper alloy) up to 14% in the conductive element, while providing increased operational characteristics of the contact insert of the trolleybus current collectors.

When the content of the conductive element is less than 9.0% of the volume of the contact insert, there is no significant savings in electrical energy during the operation of the contact insert.

If the content of the conductive element is more than 12.0% of the volume of the contact insert, then such an insert wears out the contact network more and its operational technical characteristics do not comply with the operating standards.

When the content of the conductive element is from 9.0% to 12.0% of the volume of the contact insert, the required value of electrical resistance is achieved and the service life of the insert and contact network is increased.

The technological characteristics of the contact inserts of the current collectors of trolley buses with conductive elements made in the form of cylindrical inserts obtained by mouth pressing were experimentally investigated. The studies were carried out with the movement of the trolley at an average speed of 15-17 km / h. As technological characteristics were investigated: electrical resistance, service life and mileage during operation. The results of the study are shown in the table.

The table shows that the contact insert according to examples 2-4 is more energy-efficient, because It allows more economical and efficient use of electrical energy due to lower electrical resistance of the material and has increased wear resistance. The contact insert of example 1 has a higher electrical resistance, which leads to an excessive consumption of electricity and, accordingly, a decrease in its efficiency. When using the contact insert of example 5, there is a significant decrease in the electrical resistance of the material, as well as a significant increase in wear resistance, which leads to wear of the contact wire.

Thus, the use of the contact insert of the current collectors of trolley buses made in the form of a plate of pressed powder composite material based on carbon graphite with a working part corresponding to the profile of the contact wire, with a conductive element placed in it - a liner made in the form of a cylinder obtained by piece pressing from a composite of the type carbon graphite - a copper alloy with an electrical resistance an order of magnitude lower than that of carbon graphite located in the working part of the contact insert by 1-1.5 m below its working surface, and two vertically spaced fixed copper pins, to reduce the electric resistance of the insert by increasing its wear resistance, which increases the service life of the contact insert and contact wires trolley lines.

Claims (1)

The contact insert of the trolleybus current collectors, made in the form of a plate of pressed powder composite material based on carbon graphite with a working part corresponding to the profile of the contact wire, with a conductive element placed in it - an insert made of a carbon-graphite composite - copper alloy, with an electrical resistance an order of magnitude smaller than carbon graphite located in the working part of the contact insert and fixed by two vertically arranged copper pins, characterized in that the insert It is filled in the form of a cylinder obtained by mouth pressing and is located 1-1.5 mm below the level of the working surface of the contact insert.

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