RU171785U1 - MATERIAL OF SURFACE ELEMENT ROMANIT-UVLSh - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to material of current collecting elements. Usage: in the production of materials for the collector elements of electrified transport. Essence: the material of the collector element contains fibers and threads carbon and sintered powders of iron, graphite, with localized inclusions of granules containing copper and graphite, impregnated after sintering with oil, containing ultrafine diamonds. The material additionally contains copper hardened by chromium cast iron, schungite, tetravalent molybdenum (IV) compounds, hardening-alloying components, ultrafine UDD diamonds in a certain ratio of components in the material. Technical advantages: self-lubricating ability, increased electrical conductivity, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, mechanical strength, ability to create a thick release film on friction surfaces, which prevents wear of contacting friction pairs. crystals, 4 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the material of current collector elements for high-current sliding contacts of electrified vehicles. In more detail, the utility model relates to materials of current collection devices that allow the transmission of electricity from a contact wire to an electric rolling stock at both low and high speeds.

The analysis of scientific and technical information showed that at present there are no powder environmentally friendly materials for current-collecting elements on a copper basis that provide the necessary service life of a contacting couple at high sliding speeds of currents up to 3000 A. Normal operation of such materials in various climatic conditions paired with copper contact wire is possible in case of their high strength, low hardness, lack of moisture absorption, the formation and maintenance on the surface of the material separating th film, which provides a low coefficient of friction and prevents setting, skewing, high heating and intense wear of the contacting pair. Film formation is possible with solid lubricant at a level of at least 10%. Therefore, the task of creating environmentally friendly materials with a quantity of solid lubricant above 10% with a simultaneous increase in mechanical, electrical and tribological characteristics remains very relevant.

Known material collector element in the form of sintered powders of phosphorus, iron, graphite and copper with localized inclusions of granules containing copper and graphite, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

phosphorus 0.48-1.20 iron 9.60-12.00 zinc 2.40-16.00 graphite 10.5-25.00 copper rest

In this case, wt. % graphite and 9.0-15.0 wt. % of copper is included in the material in the form of granules with a size of 0.4-2.0 mm [see US Pat. Russian Federation No. 2049687 for classes B60L 5/08, H01R 41/00, published on December 10, 1995].

The main disadvantage of the described material is the low mechanical strength of this antifriction material, since the zinc that is part of this material intensively evaporates at temperatures above 550 ° C, which leads to a significant weakening of the material. As a consequence, the known material has low strength, wear resistance and electrical conductivity.

Also known antifriction material in the form of sintered powders of phosphorus, iron, graphite, granules of graphite and copper, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

phosphorus 0.5-5.4 iron 10.91-26.25 graphite 0.16-5.16 granules 2.0-24.0 copper rest

while the granules of graphite have a size of 0.4-1.6 mm with the following content of components in the body of the granules, wt. %:

copper 37.0-60.0 graphite rest

[cm. Eurasian patent No. 004351 for classes B22F 7/04, C22C 1/04, published April 29, 2004; US Pat. Of Ukraine No. 47235 for classes B22F 7/04, C22C 1/04, published on 05/15/2003].

The main disadvantage of this known material is its high electrical resistivity and, as a consequence, low electrical conductivity, which causes increased wear of both the current collector contact and the contact wire.

Known composite material for antifriction parts in the form of sintered powders of phosphorus, iron, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, granules of graphite and copper, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

phosphorus 0.71-1.44 iron 18.8-25.0 graphite 0.78-5.0 granules 6.0-24.0 copper rest

while the granules of graphite have a size of 0.4-1.5 mm with the following content of components in the body of the granules, wt. %:

graphite 40-70 molybdenum disulfide 15-30 copper rest

[cm. US application No.20020100817 for classes B22F 7/04, C22C 1/04, published March 26, 2001].

The main disadvantage of the described material is the low strength of the granules due to the content of molybdenum disulfide in them and the insufficient amount of copper in the granules, which does not allow creating a strong reinforcing copper mesh in the granule of graphite. In addition, experience shows that the introduction of molybdenum disulfide in the granules does not allow to obtain sufficient strength of the granules. During the operation of the movable current-collecting contact, graphite granules precipitate and a release film is not formed. The resulting pores in the material increase its electrical resistivity and, as a result, reduce its electrical conductivity and cause increased wear of the collector element and the contact wire. In addition, in the winter months of the year, moisture gets into the pores formed from the precipitation of graphite, which freezes and destroys the collector element when the movement stops, which can lead to breakage of the contact wire.

Known antifriction material "Romanite-UVL" in the form of sintered powders of ferrophosphorus iron, graphite, copper or its alloys and carbon fibers or filaments with localized inclusions of granules containing copper and graphite, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

ferrophosphorus 0.50-5.40 carbon fiber 0.50-15.00 iron 10.91-26.25 graphite 0.16-5.16 granules 2.00-24.00 copper rest

while the granules have a size of 0.4-2.0 mm in the following ratio of components in the body of the granules, wt. %:

copper 40.0-70.0 graphite rest

[cm. US Pat. Ukraine No. 61751 for classes B22F 7/04, С22С 1/04, С22С 1/10, F16C 33/04, published on November 15, 2006; US Pat. Of the Republic of Belarus No. 10843 for classes B22F 7/04, C22C 1/04, C22C 1/10, F16C 33/04, published on 08.04.2008; US Pat. Russian Federation No. 2336444 for classes B22F 3/16, B22F 7/04, C22C 1/04, published on 10/20/2008].

The main disadvantage of the described material is to obtain not sufficiently strong separation film on the surface of the collector element. The formed film is not strong and easily collapses when moving. On the surface of the contact wire, a release film does not form at all. All this leads to increased wear of both the collector element and the contact wire.

Known antifriction material "Romanite-UVLSH" in the form of sintered powders of ferrophosphorus, iron, graphite, copper or its alloys, hexagonal boron nitride, nickel, finely divided diamonds UDD, silicon oxide, shungite, copper or its alloys and carbon fibers with localized inclusions of granules, containing copper and graphite, with the following content of components in the material, wt. %:

ferrophosphorus 0.5-5.4 carbon fibers 0.5-26.25 iron 10.91-26.25 graphite 0.16-5.16 granules 2.0-24.0 hexagonal boron nitride 0.1-5.0 nickel 0.2-10.0 fine diamonds UDD 0.01-5.0 silica 0.5-20.0 shungite 0.01-22.0 copper or its alloys rest

while the granules have a size of 0.4-2.0 mm in the following ratio of components in the body of the granules, wt. %:

copper 37.0-60.0 graphite rest

[cm. US Pat. Ukraine №84599 for classes B22F 7/04, С22С 1/04, С22С 1/10, F16C 33/04, published on 10.11.2008].

The main disadvantages of the described material is that with the simultaneous introduction of hexagonal boron nitride, nickel and fine UDD diamonds during sintering of the material, hexagonal boron nitride and nickel cover the surface of fine UDD diamonds with a thin film and, as a result, finely dispersed diamonds do not participate in the formation of atomic chains so-called "strands of pearls", and do not participate in the retention of droplets of oil. Silicon oxide is sand, and it acts on soft materials, such as a contact wire, like emery and causes their increased wear, and for this reason this material cannot be used in current collector elements.

Known anti-friction material "Romanite-UVLSHDMB" in the form of sintered powders of ferrophosphorus, iron, graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, nickel, finely divided UDD diamonds, inorganic boron compounds, not containing oxygen, molybdenum disulfide, oxygen-containing boron, schungite, copper or its alloy carbon fibers with localized inclusions of granules containing copper and graphite, with the following content of components in the material, wt. %:

ferrophosphorus 0.5-5.40 carbon fibers 0.5-26.25 iron 10.91-26.25 graphite 0.16-5.16 granules 2.0-24.0 hexagonal boron nitride 0.1-5.0 nickel 0.2-10.0 fine diamonds UDD 0.01-5.0 shungite 0.01-22.0 inorganic compound of boron, oxygen free 0.005-3.4 molybdenum disulfide 0.5-5.0 oxygen-containing boron compound 0.5-3.4 copper or its alloys rest

while the granules have a size of 0.4-2.0 mm in the following ratio of components in the body of the granules, wt. %:

copper 37.0-60.0 graphite rest

[cm. US Pat. Of Ukraine No. 86499 for classes B22F 7/00, C22C 1/04, C22C 1/10, F16C 33/04, published on April 27, 2009].

The main disadvantage of the described material is that, when the hexagonal boron nitride, nickel, and finely divided diamonds are co-introduced, the UDD during sintering of the material, hexagonal boron nitride and nickel cover the surface of finely dispersed diamonds with a thin film and, as a result, finely dispersed diamonds do not participate in the formation of atomic chains, called "strands of pearls", and do not participate in the retention of droplets of oil. During sintering at temperatures above 800 ° C, molybdenum disulfide is oxidized by an oxygen-containing boron compound and, as a result, cokes and acts on soft materials, such as a contact wire, like emery, and causes their increased wear, and for this reason this material cannot be used in current collectors elements.

The closest in essence and the achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is the antifriction material Romanit-AV in the form of sintered powders of ferrophosphorus, iron, graphite, copper or its alloys, oil with ultrafine diamond powder and carbon binder with localized inclusions of granules containing copper and graphite, with the following content of components in the material, wt. %:

oil 0.50-40 ultrafine diamond powder 0.10-5.00 ferrophosphorus 0.50-5.40 carbon fibers 0.50-25.0 iron 10.91-26.25 graphite 0.16-5.16 granules 0.50-24.0 copper or its alloys rest

while the granules have a size of 0.4-2.0 mm in the following ratio of components in the body of the granules, wt. %:

copper 37.0-60.0 graphite rest

[cm. US Pat. Ukraine No. 66227 for classes B22F 7/00, B22F 9/00, C22C 1/04, F16C 33/04, published on November 15, 2006].

The main disadvantage of the antifriction material Romanit-AV is the high electrical resistivity of this material and, as a consequence, the inability to perceive the electric arc during movement, which did not allow the use of the Romanit-AV material for the manufacture of current collector elements of moving contacts.

The utility model is based on the task of creating a material for current collector elements in the form of fibers and filaments of carbon and sintered powders of iron, graphite, with localized inclusions of granules containing copper and graphite containing oil with ultrafine diamonds (UDD), in which, by additional introduction of copper, hardened by chrome cast iron, shungite, a compound of tetravalent molybdenum (IV), hardening-alloying components and the introduction of UDD ultrafine diamonds into the matrix and the corresponding selection of components m collector element material with low electrical resistivity, high conductivity, high self-lubricating capability, enhanced wear resistance, mechanical strength and low friction.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the known antifriction material in the form of fibers and filaments of carbon and sintered powders of iron, graphite, with localized inclusions of granules containing copper and graphite, impregnated after sintering with oil containing ultrafine diamonds, according to the proposal, the material composition additionally contains copper hardened by chrome cast iron, shungite, compounds of tetravalent molybdenum (IV), hardening-alloying components, ultradispersed UDD diamonds, in the following ratio nents in the material, by weight. %:

ultrafine diamond oil 0.50-40.00 carbon fibers and threads 0.50-15.00 iron 10.91-26.25 graphite 0.16-5.16 granules 2.00-24.00 hardening alloying components 0.50-5.40 tetravalent molybdenum (IV) compounds 0.50-5.00 ultrafine diamonds UDA 0.01-5.00 shungite 0.10-22.00 chrome cast iron rest

while the granules have a size of 0.4-2.0 mm in the following ratio of components in the body of the granules, wt. %:

copper 37.0-60.0 graphite rest

while copper with chrome cast iron has the following ratio of components in powder, wt. %:

chrome cast iron 5.0-30.0 copper rest

while the oil with ultrafine diamonds has the following ratio of components in powder, wt. %:

ultrafine diamonds 0.10-5.00 oil rest

at least one material selected from the group of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, black phosphorus, metallic phosphorus (ferro-phosphorus) is selected as hardening-alloying powder components, and at least one material is selected as a compound of tetravalent molybdenum (IV), selected from the group of intercalated translational-molybdenum compound (IV), molybdenum oxide (IV) ₂ MoO chloride, molybdenum (IV) MoSl _4, bromide, molybdenum (IV) MoVr _4, molybdenum sulfide (IV) MoS _2.

A further essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which depict the following: FIG. 1 is a general view of a current collection member sliding along a contact wire; FIG. 2 is a general view of a portion of the lining of the collector element; FIG. 3 - carbon fullerene molecule C ₆₀ ; FIG. 4 - organoelement compound of fullerene C ₆₀ with copper, hardened by chrome cast iron, molybdenum disulfide, ultrafine UDD diamonds and iron.

The introduction of a current-collecting element into the material as the base of copper alloyed with chromium cast iron is due to the fact that the introduction of chromium cast iron into copper strengthens copper by hundreds of times, increases its microhardness, distorts the crystal lattice of copper, activating diffusion processes that occur during sintering of copper and, as the result, significantly improves the electrical and antifriction properties of copper, reduces and stabilizes the coefficient of friction of the material (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).

The introduction of a current-collecting element into the material as a hardening-alloying powder component of one of the materials selected from the group white phosphorus, red phosphorus, black phosphorus, metallic phosphorus (ferrophosphorus) is due to the fact that phosphorus activates the sintering of the material, greatly increases the speed of diffusion processes that occur in the α phase (about 100 times), sharply reduces the sintering temperature, hardens ferrite by 290 times, forms copper phosphide, whose hardness is higher than the hardness of copper. Phosphorus interacts with copper, iron and forms complex compounds in Fe-Fe ₃ P, Cu-Cu ₃ P systems, which significantly increases the electrical conductivity of the material.

The limiting contents of hardening-alloying components are determined experimentally, due to the limited solubility of phosphorus in iron and copper.

It was experimentally established that the content of chromium cast iron in copper of less than 5% does not significantly affect the improvement of the electrical and tribological properties of the material, and when the content of chromium cast iron in copper is more than 17%, it leads to increased wear of mating surfaces.

The introduction of shungite into the current collection element is due to the fact that shungite contains up to 60% of C ₆₀ carbon fullerenes or, as was previously called, glass graphite (Fig. 3).

Due to the fact that carbon fullerenes C ₆₀ possess higher symmetry and greatest stability, materials with improved electrical, tribological and mechanical properties for operation in both direct and alternating current lines have been created.

In the material of the current collector element, the attachment of a metal-containing radical of copper hardened by chrome cast iron to the fullerene, the combination of tetravalent molybdenum (IV), ultrafine diamonds UDD (Fig. 4) reduces the electron affinity of this molecule and opens up great prospects for creating an entirely new class of current collector composite inserts with parameters, wide-ranging. In this case, fullerene molecules act as the main chain.

The addition of metal-containing radicals to the carbon fullerenes included in the material of the current collector element, copper, hardened by chrome cast iron, compounds of tetravalent molybdenum (IV), ultrafine UDD diamonds form chains that have received the figurative name "pearl string". The formation of such chains is possible only thanks to shungite, copper with chrome cast iron dissolved in it, tetravalent molybdenum (IV) compounds, and ultrafine UDD diamonds. The formation of such chains by carbon fullerenes provides high electrical conductivity of the material of the current collector element and an extremely low coefficient of friction and firmly holds copper-clad graphite granules, which form a solid release film of solid lubricant, which drastically reduces friction coefficient upon friction on mating surfaces, which prevents setting and wear of mating surfaces. In addition, when impregnated with oil with ultrafine diamonds, the oil enters the inside of the C ₆₀ carbon fullerene molecule and provides a constant exit of oil to the friction surface during the entire life of the element and sharply reduces the coefficient of friction (Fig. 1-2).

The introduction of shungite of less than 0.1% does not significantly affect the improvement of electrical and tribological properties due to the insufficient number of “pearl strands” that are formed, and with the introduction of more than 22%, the mixture of components ceases to condense.

The introduction of tetravalent molybdenum (IV) compounds into the material of the current collection element is due to the properties of this material. The compounds of tetravalent molybdenum (IV), joining the carbon fullerenes, are located along the formed “pearl strands” due to their plastic structure, which significantly reduces the friction coefficient, increases the maximum allowable pressure, increases the maximum allowable sliding speeds, increases the allowable product value P × V and sharply increases the antifriction properties of the material. It was experimentally established that even with the introduction of intercalation compounds, molybdenum disulfide in an amount of 0.5 wt. % there is a significant increase in the antifriction properties of the material. It was experimentally established that even with the introduction of the compound of tetravalent molybdenum (IV) in an amount of up to 5 wt. % there is a significant increase in the antifriction properties of the material. When introducing into the material of the compound of tetravalent molybdenum (IV) over 5 wt. %, there is a sharp softening of the material and a significant decrease in its antifriction properties.

The introduction of UDD ultrafine diamonds directly into the material of the collector element ensures their incorporation into the "pearl strand". The incorporation of ultrafine UDD diamonds into “pearl strands” ensures, when the material is impregnated with oil, the droplets of oil are attracted over the entire surface of these strands and are firmly held. It was experimentally established that the most optimal is the introduction of ultrafine diamonds UDD in an amount of 0.01-5.00 wt. %, which provides more complete coverage and strong retention of oil particles over the entire surface of the "pearl strand", which ensures a constant presence of oil in the material of the collector element and sharply reduces the coefficient of friction. With the introduction of ultrafine diamonds UDD in an amount of more than 5.0 wt. % in the material of the current-collecting element, particles of ultrafine UDD diamonds not coated with oil appear, which has a negative effect on the tribological characteristics of the material.

The proposed material is made as follows.

Granulation in a known manner of a first mixture of powders to a granule size of 0.4-2.0 mm is carried out by passing between calibrated rolls of a rolling mill and mixing further with a second mixture of powders, additionally containing powders of copper alloyed with chrome cast iron, schungite, compounds of tetravalent molybdenum (IV) , hardening-alloying components, ultradispersed UDD diamonds, rolling the charge in metered portions between the rolls of the rolling mill and sintering the resulting mixture at a temperature of 900-1000 ° C in a protective gas a, which allows to obtain the final result of the material of the collector element with self-lubricating ability, which has low resistivity, high electrical conductivity, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, mechanical strength and the ability to create a thick separating film on the friction surface, which prevents wear of the contacting friction pairs and significantly exceeding the tribological characteristics of materials known to modern science, which is confirmed by the data ivedennymi table.

The results of comparative tests on the wear of contact wires with various types of linings.

The material of the collector element with a bearing element with a layer of material of the collector element baked on it allows to obtain a thick release film on the surface of the material with increased electrical conductivity, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, mechanical strength, preventing wear of the contacting friction pairs.

Copper and chromium cast iron are melted in a melting electric furnace and then sprayed on an impact crushing plant (УУД) to obtain a powder of the following composition, in wt. %:

chrome cast iron 5.0-17.0 copper rest

a mixture of powders of copper and graphite in an amount, wt.:

copper 37.0-60.0 graphite rest

in a known manner, passed between calibrated rolls of a rolling mill to obtain granules with a size of 0.4-2.0 mm

Powders of copper, hardened by chrome cast iron, schungite, compounds of tetravalent molybdenum (IV), hardening-alloying components and ultrafine diamonds UDD are added to the second mixture of powders. This mixture is loaded into the mixer and dry mixed. Then, in a known manner, a humidifier is added and wet mixing is carried out.

The granules are mixed with a second powder mixture containing wt. %:

carbon fibers 0.50-15.00 iron 10.91-26.25 graphite 0.16-5.16 granules 2.00-24.00 hardening alloying components 0.50-5.40 tetravalent molybdenum (IV) compounds 0.50-5.00 ultrafine diamonds UDA 0.01-5.00 shungite 0.10-22.00 chrome cast iron rest

the ratio of the granules and the second mixture of powders is selected from the known method 1: 50-1: 3.

The resulting mixture is first formed by rolling in metered portions between the rolls of the rolling mill, and then sintered at a temperature of 900-1100 ° C in a continuous furnace in a protective gas environment.

To obtain the material of the collector element, the resulting mixture is poured through the batcher onto the surface of a steel sheet of low carbon steel of the required shape 1-7 mm thick prepared according to the existing method, pressed and then sintered at a temperature of 900-1000 ° C in a continuous furnace in a protective gas environment. The thickness of the working layer of the material of the collector element is 1.0-12.0 mm

Then, the obtained material of the collector element, in a known manner, is placed in a container for impregnating oil with ultrafine diamonds. Impregnation is carried out in vacuum with heating to the temperature of intensive evaporation of oil.

Thus, the utility model makes it possible to create a material for current collecting elements with a self-lubricating ability, with increased electrical conductivity, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, mechanical strength and capable of creating a thick separating film on friction surfaces that prevents wear of contacting friction pairs.

Claims (9)

1. A collector element for sliding contacts of an electrified transport made of sintered material impregnated with oil with ultrafine diamonds containing iron and graphite powders and a powder containing copper and chrome cast iron, characterized in that said material further comprises carbon fibers and threads, granules containing copper and graphite, shungite, powder of tetravalent molybdenum (IV) compounds, phosphorus and ultrafine diamonds UDD in the following ratio of components in the material, wt. %: ultrafine diamond oil 0.50-40.00 carbon fibers and threads 0.50-15.00 iron powder 10.91-26.25 graphite powder 0.16-5.16 granules containing copper and graphite 2.00-24.00 phosphorus 0.50-5.40 tetravalent molybdenum (IV) compounds 0.50-5.00 ultrafine diamonds UDA 0.01-5.00 shungite 0.10-22.00 powder containing copper and chromium cast iron rest while the granules containing copper and graphite have a size of 0.4-2.0 mm and contain copper and graphite in the following ratio of components, wt. %: copper 37.0-60.0 graphite rest while the powder containing copper and chromium cast iron has the following ratio of components, wt. %: chrome cast iron 5.0-30.0 copper rest while the oil with ultrafine diamonds has the following ratio of components, wt. %: ultrafine diamonds 0.10-5.00 oil rest 2. The collector element according to claim 1, characterized in that said material contains at least one material selected as phosphorus from the group consisting of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, black phosphorus and metallic phosphorus, and as compounds of tetravalent molybdenum (IV ) at least one material selected from the group comprising an intercalation compound of molybdenum (IV), molybdenum (IV) oxide MoO ₂ , molybdenum (IV) chloride MoCl ₄ , molybdenum (IV) bromide MoBr ₄ , molybdenum (IV) sulfide MoS ₂ .

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