RU185756U1 - Piston compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, relates to a reciprocating compressor designed to compress and pump natural and associated petroleum gases of various chemical compositions, which can be used to operate as a part of gas pumping units for pumping natural gas into underground storage facilities, at booster compressor stations and other objects of the gas and oil refining industry. The piston compressor contains a base frame in which the crank mechanism is located. The crank mechanism consists of a crankshaft made with the possibility of connecting to the engine and connecting rods. The crankshaft is mounted in main bearings, one of which is thrust. The upper crank heads are mounted in crossheads located in the crosshead guides, and the crank heads of the connecting rods are connected to the crank pins of the crankshaft. Compressor cylinders are fixed to the foundation frame through crosshead guides and connected to the crank mechanism via piston rods connected to the crossheads. The device also contains a buffer tank suction and discharge. In the upper part of the foundation frame between the longitudinal walls there are spacers with adjusting spacers at the ends, by means of which they are connected with the foundation frame without gaps. The crankshaft is made with oval-shaped cheeks. The thrust bearing includes a cover in which thrust half rings are mounted. Crosshead guides are made with longitudinal stiffeners. The piston rods of the compressor cylinders are connected to the crossheads by means of nuts and locknuts made with annular grooves in the body. The technical result from the use of the utility model is to expand the range of suction and discharge pressures, make more full use of compressor power to obtain greater productivity, increase the safety of compressor operation with increased rod force of up to 32 tons, and reduce weight and dimensions. 8 s.p. f-ly, 11 Fig.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, relates to a reciprocating compressor designed to compress and pump natural and associated petroleum gases of various chemical compositions, which can be used to operate as a part of gas pumping units for pumping natural gas into underground storage facilities, at booster compressor stations and other objects of the gas and oil refining industry.

         The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result to the proposed utility model is a reciprocating compressor protected by patent RU 2645885 C2, class. F04B35 / 00, publ. 10/05/2017, adopted for the closest analogue (prototype).

         The piston compressor at the opposite bases according to the prototype contains a bed in which a crank mechanism is located, consisting of a crankshaft made with the possibility of connection with an electric motor, main bearings and a rod mounted on it, the upper head of which is fixed in a crosshead located in the guide, and the crank head is attached to the crank pin of the crankshaft, and configured to convert the rotational movement of the crankshaft into reciprocating motion Kopf in the guide, and associated with the piston rod in the cylinder is connected to the crosshead guide.

            The advantages and common features of the prototype device with the developed one is the increased nominal piston force of the compressor. In the prototype device, the nominal piston force is 15 tons and 25 tons, while the elements of the crank mechanism are designed for working forces of 20.0 tons and 33.5 tons, respectively, a short piston stroke of 100 or 120 mm, high speeds of 1000 rpm min up to 1500 rpm This ensures an average piston speed of 3.25 m / s to 5.0 m / s. This allows the use of materials providing gas compression without lubrication of cylinders and gaskets at an average piston speed of up to 4.0 m / s.

          However, the prototype is not without drawbacks:

firstly, the working forces of the crank mechanism of 20.0 tons and 33.5 tons do not correspond to the efforts on the rod of the compressor cylinder of 15 tons and 25 tons, which leads to an oversize of the compressor base and, as a result, to an increase in the mass-dimensional characteristics of the compressor in comparison with reciprocating compressors, in which the force on the rod of the compressor cylinder corresponds to the efforts of the crank mechanism;

secondly, due to the mismatch between the calculated efforts of the crank mechanism and the effort on the rod of the compressor cylinder, there is no possibility of increasing the compressor power;

thirdly, due to the limitation of the calculated force on the rod of the compressor cylinder, the possibility of a crank mechanism for the range of compressible gas pressures at the suction and discharge is not fully used.

The utility model aims at improving the reciprocating compressor.

          The technical result from the use of the utility model is to expand the range of suction and discharge pressures, make more full use of compressor power to obtain greater productivity, increase the safety of compressor operation with increased rod force of up to 32 tons, and reduce weight and dimensions.

          This is achieved by the fact that in a reciprocating compressor containing a foundation frame, in which a crank mechanism is located, consisting of a crankshaft made with the possibility of connection with an engine installed in the main bearings of the frame, and rods, the upper heads of which are installed in crossheads located in the guides, and the crank heads are connected to the crankpins of the crankshaft, compressor cylinders mounted on the foundation frame through the crosshead guides, and connected to the crank using the piston rods through piston rods connected to crossheads, suction and discharge buffer tanks, spacers with adjusting spacers at the ends are installed between the longitudinal walls in the upper part of the foundation frame, by means of which they are connected with the foundation frame without gaps, the crankshaft is made with oval-shaped cheeks, thrust bearing contains a cover in which thrust half rings are installed, crosshead guides are made with longitudinal stiffeners, piston rods of compressor cylinders s are connected to the crossheads by means of nuts and locknuts made with annular grooves in the body; the foundation frame is cast from SCh25 cast iron, in the transverse direction it is reinforced with ribs with the transition to the supporting platforms; the crankshaft is mounted in seven main bearings, while the second bearing on the engine side is thrust; spacers are made of rolled round section and fixed on the frame with the help of coupling bolts; adjusting spacers are made in the form of washers from the same material as the spacers, the thickness corresponding to the gap between the spacer and the longitudinal wall of the base frame; two half rings are installed in the thrust bearing cover, while the thrust bearing cover is connected to the base frame with studs; a special annular groove in the body of nuts and locknuts is a trapezoidal groove with rounded corners and protrusions; a reciprocating compressor comprises six compressor cylinders opposite to the foundation frame, three compressor cylinders on each side; to ensure the functioning of the piston compressor further comprises a grease pump with a drive, an oil pump with a drive, an electric pump unit, compressor cylinder control devices, a compressor cylinder control device control unit, a shaft-turning device, pipelines.

In FIG. 1 is a side view of a reciprocating compressor.

In FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a reciprocating compressor.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the foundation frame of a piston compressor, where a is a side view, b is a top view, and c is a transverse section.

In FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the frame of a foundation reciprocating compressor.

In FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section of a thrust bearing with a thrust bearing cover and two half rings.

In FIG. 6 shows the crosshead guide of a reciprocating compressor, where: a is a longitudinal section, b is a top view.

In FIG. 7 shows the crankshaft of a reciprocating compressor, where: a is a side view, b is a transverse section.

In FIG. 8 shows a compressor cylinder of a reciprocating compressor, where: a is a longitudinal section, b is a side view (left).

In FIG. 9 shows a piston with a piston compressor rod.

In FIG. 10 shows a nut for attaching a piston compressor compressor cylinder rod.

In FIG. 11 shows the lock nut of the piston compressor compressor cylinder rod.

Structurally, the reciprocating compressor in FIG. 1-11 contains:

1 - foundation frame;

2 - a cranked shaft;

3 - main bearings;

4 - thrust bearing;

5 - connecting rods;

6 - upper connecting rod heads;

7 - crank heads of connecting rods;

8 - crossheads;

9 - crosshead guides;

10 - connecting rod journals of a cranked shaft

11 - compressor cylinders;

12 - rods of compressor cylinders;

13 - pistons of the compressor cylinders;

14 - buffer capacity suction;

15 - buffer discharge tanks;

16 - struts;

17 - adjusting spacers;

18 - cheeks of the crankshaft;

19 - a cover of the persistent bearing;

20 - persistent half rings;

21 - longitudinal stiffeners guides crossheads;

22 - nuts;

23 - locknuts.

          To ensure the functioning of the piston compressor further comprises: a grease pump with a drive; oil pump with drive; electric pump unit, control devices of compressor cylinders 11, control unit for control devices of compressor cylinders; shaft-turning device, pipelines.

          The proposed reciprocating compressor is a horizontal six-row compressor, it contains six compressor cylinders 11 opposite to the base frame with three compressor cylinders 11 on each side.

          The crank mechanism is located in the base frame 1.

          The crank mechanism consists of a crankshaft 2, made with the possibility of connection with the engine, and connecting rods 5.

          The crankshaft 2 is installed in the main bearings 3, one of which is a thrust bearing 4.

          The upper heads 6 of the connecting rods 5 are installed in the crossheads 8 located in the guides 9, and the crank heads 7 are connected to the connecting rod necks of the crankshaft 10

          Compressor cylinders 11, mounted on the foundation frame 1 through guides 9 of the crossheads 8, and connected to the crank mechanism via rods 12 of the pistons 13 connected to the crossheads 8.

          In the upper part of the foundation frame 1 between the longitudinal walls there are spacers 16 with adjusting spacers 17 at the ends, by means of which they are connected with the foundation frame 1 without gaps.

          The crankshaft 2 is made with oval cheeks 18.

          The thrust bearing 4 comprises a cover 19 in which thrust half rings 20 are mounted.

          The guides 9 crossheads 8 are made with longitudinal ribs 21.

          The rods 12 of the pistons 13 of the compressor cylinders 11 are connected to the crossheads 8 by means of nuts 22 and counter nuts 23 made with annular grooves in the body, which are trapezoidal grooves with rounded corners and protrusions.

          The foundation frame 1 is made of cast iron, cast, box-section, contains transverse partitions and stiffeners. Crosshead guides 9 are attached to the lateral surfaces of the foundation frame 1 through the sealing gaskets 9. On the drive motor side, a detachable closure is attached to the end surface of the foundation frame 1, in which the crankshaft seal is placed 2. A steel closure is attached to the opposite end of the foundation frame 1, on which the pump is located oil and oil pump drive. On top of the frame 1 is installed a closure made of steel sheet. For ease of maintenance, hatches are provided in it.

          The crankshaft 2 is solid forged. The rotational speed of the crankshaft 2 is 1000 rpm. The crankshaft 2 is installed in seven main bearings 3, the bearing - the second on the drive side is thrust 4. Each bearing has two interchangeable liners - a frame liner and a cover liner 3. The bearings are made of bimetallic tape. The cover 19 of the thrust bearing 4 is cast from ductile iron. In the cover 19 of the thrust bearing 4 there are 2 thrust half rings 20. The cover 19 with half rings 20 has an exact fit to the socket of the base frame 1. The cover 19 of the thrust bearing is attached to the base frame with pins.

          Cranks 5 are made of alloy steel. To reduce dynamic imbalance, the set of connecting rods 5 is selected so that the mass difference of the connecting rods 5 does not exceed 0.4 kg.

          Crossheads 8 are made of steel welded, without detachable sliders. Working surfaces of crossheads 8 are filled with babbitt.

          The crosshead guides 9 are cast of cast iron and have lanterns cast at the same time with them for fastening the compressor cylinders 11.

          Compressor cylinders 11 are made of alloy steel forgings, as well as castings of high-strength or gray cast iron. Compressor cylinders 11, depending on the gas discharge temperature, are made with air or water cooling. For unloading at start-up, as well as for regulating productivity during operation in order to obtain the maximum load of the gas compressor, the compressor cylinders 11 can be equipped with control devices or devices for switching off the working cavity of the cylinder.

          The rods 12 are made of stainless steel. To increase the wear resistance, the working surface of the rod is hardened by the high frequency current to a hardness of 52 ... 62 HRC. The maximum allowable force on the rod is 32 tons.

          Pistons 13 are made of cast iron, and, depending on the diameter, they may have an internal cavity with longitudinal ribs. Depending on the pressure drop, a different number of piston rings are installed on the pistons 13, which are made of composite materials operating with a minimum oil supply or without lubrication. To increase the service life of the pistons 13 is equipped with interchangeable support rings.

          The landing of the piston 13 on the rod 12 is carried out on a cylindrical surface with axial fixation by the thrust shoulder of the rod 12 and fastening of the piston 13 by the rod nut, which, after final tightening and checking that the nut does not protrude from the end of the piston, is locked with the screw, with the latter tilting. Fastening the rods 12 of the pistons 13 to the crossheads 8 is carried out by the nuts 22 screwed on the rods 12 and the lock nuts 23 and eight bolts. To control the tightening, each bolt has a rod mounted in the body of the bolt with a gap.

          The control devices of the compressor cylinders 11 are controlled by a control unit.

          To rotate the crankshaft 2 during maintenance use a shaft-turning device.

          The base frame 1 complete with the entire movement mechanism, units and pipelines is mounted on a subframe with supports for crosshead guides 9, with which the compressor is mounted on the foundation.

          The piston compressor is driven by a drive engine, which can be used as: a gas piston engine, an electric motor, a gas turbine.

          The proposed utility model works as follows.

          Before starting, the piston compressor is pre-charged with oil from the electric pump unit.

          After that, the drive motor starts, which transmits the rotation to the crankshaft 2, rotating in the main bearings 3, 4. The rotation from the crankshaft 2 is transmitted through the connecting rods 5 to the crossheads 8, which move in the crosshead guides 9, and then through the rods 12 of the compressor cylinders 11 reciprocating the movement is transmitted to the pistons 13.

          Compressed gas through the suction buffer tanks 14 and the suction valves enters the working cavity of the compressor cylinders 11. The pistons 13, moving in the compressor cylinders 11, compress the gas entering the compressor cylinders 11. Compressed gas through the discharge valves, the buffer capacity of the discharge 15 enters the discharge pipe of the compressor station.

          The performance and power of the reciprocating compressor are controlled by control devices of the compressor cylinders 11, which are devices that are installed in place of the rear cover of the compressor cylinder. The principle of operation of the control device is to attach an additional volume to the working cavity of the compression of the compressor cylinder, which allows to reduce the amount of intake gas, and thus reduce the performance and load of the compressor. Control devices are controlled by a control unit.

          Spacers 16, gaplessly installed between the longitudinal walls of the foundation frame 1 by means of adjusting spacers 17, provide reinforcement of the transverse rigidity of the foundation frame 1 by limiting the lateral movement of the upper part of the longitudinal walls of the foundation frame 1, caused by forces from the pistons 13 of the compressor cylinders 11.

          The oval shape of the cheeks 18 of the crankshaft 2 reduces their mass, which ensures a reduction in the inertial forces and moments acting on the crankshaft 2 during rotation, without compromising its strength.

           The implementation of the guides 9 crossheads 8 with longitudinal ribs 21 provides an increase in longitudinal and lateral stiffness by increasing the cross-sectional area of the guides 9.

           The execution of nuts 22 and locknuts 23 with a special annular groove in the body, which are trapezoidal grooves with rounded corners and protrusions, provides an even distribution of forces from the rods 12 over the entire height of the threads of the nuts 22 and locknuts 23 due to their greater flexibility when tightening.

The proposed reciprocating compressor is characterized by an increased allowable rod force of 32 tons, which allows the compressor to operate in a wider range of gas pressures on suction and discharge, and also contributes to a more complete use of compressor power to obtain greater performance. The suction pressure can be in the range from 0.5 MPa to 10 MPa, the discharge pressure from 5.0 MPa to 500 MPa, performance from 25,000 nm ³ / h to 300,000 nm ³ / h with a nominal compressor power of 4.0 MW Moreover, the device has a small weight and dimensions, which allows you to transport it with reinforced mounting blocks.

          The operating parameters of the proposed reciprocating compressor modification 6PK32-1 / (47-57) - (77-103) as part of the GPA-4RMP gas pumping unit with a gas turbine drive are confirmed by the acceptance test of the head sample of the GPA-4RMP gas pumping unit.

          Currently, the applicant has developed the following modifications of a reciprocating compressor with a stock force of 32 tons for injecting natural gas into underground gas storages:

- piston compressor 6PK32-1 / (36-51) - (71-116) with absolute suction pressures from 3.6 MPa to 5.1 MPa and discharge from 7.1 MPa to 11.6 MPa, capacity from 81 800 nm ³ / h to 173,400 nm ³ / h;

- piston compressor 6PK32-2 / (20-31) - (90-161) with absolute suction pressures from 2.0 MPa to 3.1 MPa and for injection from 9.0 MPa to 16.3 MPa, output from 38 300 nm ³ / h to 70 800 nm ³ / h;

- piston compressor 6PK32-2 / (34-72.6) - (80-145) with absolute suction pressures from 3.4 MPa to 7.26 MPa and discharge from 8.0 MPa to 14.5 MPa, capacity from 57,700 nm ³ / h to 212,800 nm ³ / h.

Claims (9)

         1. A piston compressor containing a foundation frame in which a crank mechanism is located, consisting of a crankshaft made with the possibility of connecting to an engine mounted in main bearings, one of which is thrust, and connecting rods, the upper heads of which are mounted in crossheads, located in the guides, and the crank heads are connected to the crankpins of the crankshaft, compressor cylinders mounted on the foundation frame through the crosshead guides and connected to the crank by a connecting rod mechanism by means of piston rods connected to crossheads, suction and discharge buffer tanks, while in the upper part of the base frame between the longitudinal walls there are spacers with adjusting spacers at the ends, by means of which they are connected with the base frame without gaps, the crankshaft is made with oval cheeks forms, the thrust bearing contains a cover in which thrust half rings are installed, crosshead guides are made with longitudinal stiffeners, piston rods compressor 's cylinders are connected to the crosshead by means of nuts and lock nuts, with annular recesses formed in the body.           2. The piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation frame is cast from SCh25 cast iron, in the transverse direction reinforced with ribs with a transition to the supporting platforms.           3. The piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the crankshaft is installed in seven main bearings, while the bearing, made second from the engine side, is thrust.           4. The piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacers are made of rolled round section and are fixed on the frame with the help of coupling bolts.           5. The piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting spacers are made in the form of washers from the same material as the spacers, corresponding in thickness to the gap between the spacer and the longitudinal wall of the foundation frame.           6. The piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that two half rings are installed in the thrust bearing cover, while the thrust bearing cover is connected to the foundation frame by pins.           7. The piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the special annular groove in the body of nuts and locknuts is trapezoidal grooves with rounded corners and protrusions.           8. The reciprocating compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains six compressor cylinders opposite to the foundation frame, three compressor cylinders on each side.           9. The piston compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that for the functioning of the piston compressor further comprises a grease pump with a drive, an oil pump with a drive, an electric pump unit, control devices for compressor cylinders, a control unit for control devices for compressor cylinders, a shaft-turning device, pipelines.

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