RU185219U1 - Mortar - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of small arms and cannon armament and can be used to reduce the loading time and fatigue of the calculation by reducing the path of the mine moving when loading the mortar. The mortar contains a detachable pipe with upper and lower barrels, a barrel placement device, a shooting device, horizontal and vertical guidance of the barrel, a block of support elements, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the mortar due to the reliable connection of parts with when firing and disconnecting them for loading, reducing the load on the side of the swinging part on the vertical guidance mechanism, reducing the time and route of delivery of the mine from the ready position for loading to the ready position for firing, reducing fatigue calculation, a coaxial coupling located on the lower barrel for detachable connection the upper and lower trunks, on the outer surface of the rear of the upper trunk and the inner surface of the clutch, screw cuts are made in four equally spaced sectors x with an angle of 45 ° and with an angular shift in the coupling with respect to the barrel of 45 °, a pin for axial rotation of the coupling is made on the outer surface of the end tide of the coupling, the internal cavity of the coupling is made stepwise with a chamfer for connection with a shoulder at the front end the lower barrel, on the lower barrel there is a shoulder in the front part for connection with the coupling, an eye for connecting to the lower barrel control drive, an annular protrusion for attaching the support of the coupling control devices, two trunnions for installing the lower barrel in the guide mounting devices, the placement device is made in the form of a housing containing a tide in the front part for fixed connection with the upper trunk, a tide in the lower part for movable connection with the base plate, two guides permanently connecting the front and rear tides, on which nozzles are mounted for axle placement the lower barrel control drive, in the rear part there is a rail connector with trunnions placed on it for connection with horizontal guidance drives, on the inner faces of the guide There are transverse grooves for the passage of the supporting elements of the front and rear sliders of the clutch control devices when the lower barrel is rotated on the trunnions, the rear slider contains a housing with a recess in the central part, two lateral supporting elements, front right and rear left tides with eyes for securing the coupling displacement drive linear and angular, respectively, the drive of linear movement of the coupling is fixed in the eye of the right front tide of the rear slider and the eye of the support of the control devices of the coupling, the drive is angled coupling movement is connected to the rear left tide of the rear slider and the front slider eye, the front slider contains a housing with a recess in the central part, two side support elements, an eye on the upper surface of the housing, a lateral tide under the left part of the housing in the form of a rotation surface, coaxial with the coupling tide and the lower barrel, in which a cam groove is made, interacting with a pin on the coupling rush. The proposed utility model provides a reduction in the loading and preparation time of the shot, and a decrease in fatigue and calculation, reliable connection of the parts of the composite barrel during firing, the stability of the mortar in the process of loading it, reducing the effect of the moment of the swinging part on the vertical guidance mechanism. 11 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of small arms and cannon weapons and can be used to reduce the loading time and fatigue of the calculation by reducing the path of the movement of the mine when loading the mortar.

The increase in the power of mortars leads to an increase in its mass-dimensional characteristics and the mass of mines. The consequence of this is an increase in the delivery path of the mines to the preparedness for firing position and loading time for muzzle-loading mortars, interruptions of the aiming and increase in loading time due to a change in the position of the barrel for mortars charged from the breech.

To eliminate these negative aspects, the loading process is automated (for example, a 240-mm mortar 2С4, 82-mm mortar 2Б9), composite barrels are used (for example, MADSEN 51 mm MORTAR Toure T. 18). Automation of the loading process reduces the fatigue of the calculation, but does not lead to a decrease in the delivery path of the mines to the position for the shot and the time it takes to go through. The increase in mortar caliber leads to the need to ensure reliable fastening of the parts of the composite barrel to counter the pressure of the powder gases during firing.

The effect of using the utility model is:

- in reducing the loading time and preparation of the shot;

- in reducing fatigue calculation;

- in ensuring a reliable connection of the parts of the composite barrel during firing;

- in ensuring the stability of the mortar in the process of loading it;

- in reducing the action of the moment of the swinging part on the vertical guidance mechanism.

There are designs of mortars charged from the muzzle, for example a 120-mm mortar M-120, and designs of charged from the breech mortars, for example a 160-mm mortar M-160, 240-mm mortar M-240.

Known mortar (MADSEN 51 mm MORTAR Toure T. 18), the design of which contains (Fig. 1) a detachable pipe I with the upper I and lower 2 trunks, a device for placing the II pipe, providing control of the lower barrel 2 when preparing a shot, firing device III, mounted inside the elements of the placement device, the rotation device IV and the lifting V of the barrel, the block of support elements with a base plate 6 and beds 7, sight VI.

The placement device II (Fig. 1, 2) comprises a housing 8, a piston 9 coaxially placed therein, a rear bottom 10 coaxially placed with them, a hinge 11, a handle 12, a rod 13, latches 14 and 15. In the housing 8 (Fig. 2 ) formed on the inner surface of the rectangular thread a, b slot shape in the right upper front region, a supporting member 3 being tide in front of the housing 8. The piston 9 (FIG. 2) comprises a rectangular threaded outer surface, flushing d naperedney end surface, channel e to accommodate the drummer. A longitudinal groove is made in the body of the piston 9, in which a handle 12 is placed on the axis 16. The rear bottom 10 (Fig. 2) is connected to the lower barrel 2 by means of a thread f, and by means of the fasteners 14 with pivots g of the hinge 11. Cylindrical surfaces h of the rear bottom 10 and i of the hinge 11 provide an even distribution of the recoil force over their supporting surfaces. The rear end surface j of the hinge 11 transmits the recoil force to the piston 9, while the longitudinal grooves in the latches 15 eliminate the shock load on the pins g of the hinge 11.

To ensure readiness for loading, the handle 12 (Fig. 3A) rotates forward around the axis 16 to the stop in the body of the body 8 (Fig. 3B), removing the strikers from the cavity of the rear bottom 10 and the hinge 11. When moving the handle 12 to the right down (Fig. 3C) ) together with it, the piston 9 rotates around the longitudinal axis in the housing 8 and moves back along the thread, dragging the hinge 11 with the rear bottom 10 and the lower barrel 2, disconnecting the conical interface of the trunks 1 and 2. Next, the handle 12 is engaged with the rod 13 . When moving back, the handle 12 biases the rod 13 (Fig. 3D) along its longitudinal d axis, deflecting the rear bottom 10 with a hinge 11 at its lower trunnions g and barrel 2 to the right at an angle of 20 ° (Fig. 3D). In this position, the mine is sent to the lower barrel 2. The barrel is locked in the reverse sequence, starting from the coordination of the longitudinal axes of the lower 2 and upper 1 trunks of the pipe I.

The implementation of the design scheme of the prototype for mortars of large calibers leads to the manifestation of insufficient reliability of the locking unit of the barrel, the inability to aim the barrel in the vertical plane due to the large moment of unbalance of the swinging part, the tipping moment due to the withdrawal of the barrel to the right. In addition, the striker of the percussion mechanism is located in the cavities of four coaxial structural parts, and the firing device is assembled in the hollow axis of rotation of the placement device, which can lead to failures of the firing device or an unauthorized shot.

The purpose of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of the mortar due to the reliable connection of the barrel parts when firing and disconnecting them for loading, to reduce the load on the side of the swinging part on the vertical guidance mechanism, to reduce the time and route of delivery of the mine from the readiness position for loading to the ready position for firing, reduce fatigue calculation.

This goal is achieved by the following changes in the design of the prototype.

1. In the placement device II (Fig. 2), the stops 3, 4 with rods 5, the rear bottom 10, the hinge 11, the latches 14, 15, the housing 8, the piston 9 with the handle 12 and the rod 13 are excluded.

2. Introduced coupling 17 (Fig. 4), located coaxially with the barrel 2 for detachable connection of the trunks 1 and 2. On the outer surface of the rear of the upper barrel 1 and the inner surface of the coupling 17 are made screw cuts in four sectors 1A and 17d, respectively, with an angle of 45 ° . On the tide 17a of the coupling 17, a pin 17b is made, the inner cavity of the coupling 17 is made stepwise with a chamfer 17c. On the lower barrel 2 there is a collar 2a of the eye 2b, a protrusion 2c and a pin 2d.

3. A housing 18 has been introduced (Fig. 5), in the upper tide of which 18a the upper barrel 1 is fixedly mounted, and on the lower tide 18b a ball bearing 18 s is made for connection with the base plate 19. The housing 18 in the rear part contains a rail connector with pins 18d for connection with horizontal guidance drives 20 and holes 18e under the pins of the lower barrel 2d. To the tides 18f, the nozzles 18g are permanently attached to secure the power actuator of the control 21 of the barrel 2 on the axis 21A. On the inner side of the guide slides 18h of the housing 18 there are transverse grooves 18j for the passage of the support elements 24d and 25 from the sliders (Fig. 6) 24 and 25.

4. A fastener 22 (Fig. 6) is introduced for the control devices of the coupling 17. It includes a housing 22b with pivots 22a and 22c pivotally connected to it. Tide 22d is formed on body 22b.

5. A control unit 23 (Fig. 6) is introduced with a sleeve 17, comprising a drive for its linear movement 23a and a drive for its angular movement 23b.

6. The slider 24 (Fig. 6) comprises a housing with a recess 24c, support elements 24d, tides 24a and 24e with eyes 24b and 24f. The stop 24g under the tide 24a is aligned with the end surface of the tide 17a of the coupling 17.

7. The slider 25 (Fig. 6) comprises a housing with an aperture 25a, an eye 25b, support elements 25c and a tide 25d in which a cam groove 25e is formed.

8. In the bottom of the barrel 2 and the tide 18b of the housing 18 assembled firing device (Fig. 5).

The operation of the device.

Transfer the mortar to the loading position.

In the initial state (Fig. 6, 7), the barrel I and the housing 18 with a vertical guidance drive 20 are assigned the designated elevation angle. The barrel 2 is fixed by the actuator 21 coaxially with the barrel 1. By the actuators 23a and 23b of the control unit 23, the coupling 17 is installed in the extreme forward position and rotated by 45 °. While the screw rifling on the inner surface of the coupling 17 and the outer surface of the barrel 1 are aligned with the side faces. The initial state is shown in FIG. 7a.

Next, the control actuator 23b slider 25 is diverted towards the breech of the barrel 2 along the guides of the housing 18. In this case, the cam groove 25e in the tide 25d acts on the pin 17b of the coupling 17 (Fig. 4) and rotates it around the axis by 45 °. The result is displayed in fig.7b.

Next, the control actuator 23a slider 24 with the control actuator 23b mounted on it, the slider 25 and the clutch 17 is assigned to the breech side of the barrel 2. By the end of the movement, the supporting elements of the sliders 24 and 25 are installed opposite the transverse grooves 18j in the guides of the housing 18 and are thus removed from gearing with them. The result is displayed in figs.

Next, the control actuator 21 barrel 2 is diverted to an angle for loading. The result is shown in FIG. 7d. The design provides an angle of rotation of the barrel 2 in the entire range of elevation angles of the barrel I.

Next, the installation of mines in the cavity of the barrel 2.

Bringing the mortar into the firing position is carried out in the reverse order.

If necessary, the mortar can be loaded through the muzzle of the barrel I without disconnecting its constituent trunks 1 and 2.

The device is advisable to use in robotic weapons systems.

A study of the usefulness of the utility model was carried out on a full-scale three-dimensional model with the characteristics of a 120 mm caliber mortar of the 1938 model. The kinematic characteristics of the loading process and the strength characteristics of the elements of the proposed utility model were evaluated. The loading process for a 120-mm mortar contains the steps of processing the mine when it is delivered to the barrel muzzle, the spatial installation of the mine, lowering the mine and its departure when fired. For a composite barrel, a barrel locking step is present (FIG. 8). For the utility model variant, the time reduction was estimated only at the stages of the mine delivery and its lowering. Some simulation results in the SolisWorks Motion system are shown in FIG. 9. The strength properties of the utility model were evaluated in the Ansys system. Some results are shown in FIG. 10. The study of the functioning of the proposed utility model allows us to conclude on its ability to satisfy the requirements specified in the goal.

Claims (1)

Mortar comprising a detachable pipe with upper and lower barrels, a barrel placement device, a shooting device, horizontal and vertical barrel guidance devices, a block of support elements, characterized in that a coupling sleeve for detachable connection of the upper and lower barrels located on the lower barrel is inserted on the outer surface the rear part of the upper barrel and the inner surface of the coupling are made of screw cuts in four equally spaced sectors with an angle of 45 ° and with an angular shift in the coupling with respect to the barrel at 45 °, on the outer surface of the end tide of the coupling in its rear part a pin of axial rotation of the coupling is made, the internal cavity of the coupling is made stepwise with a chamfer connection with a shoulder at the front end of the lower barrel, on the lower barrel there is a shoulder in the front, an eye of the connection to the drive control of the lower barrel, an annular protrusion of the support of the control devices of the coupling, two trunnions for installing the lower barrel in the guides of the placement device, the placement device is made in the form of a housing containing a tide in the front part of the fixed connection with the upper trunk, the tide in the lower part of the movable connection with the base plate, two guides connecting the front and rear tides inseparably, with fixed pipes for the placement of the axis of the control of the lower barrel, in the rear part there is a rail connector with pins for connection with vertical guidance drives, transverse grooves of the passage of the supporting elements of the front and rear sliders of the clutch control devices are made on the inner faces of the guides when rotating the lower barrel on the pins, the rear slider contains a housing with a recess in the central part, two lateral support elements, front right and rear left tides with eyelets securing the drive to move the coupling linear and angular, respectively, the drive of linear movement of the coupling is fixed in the eye of the right front tide the rear slider and the eye of the support of the clutch control devices, the angular movement of the clutch is connected in the rear left tide of the rear slider and the eye of the front slider, the front slider contains t the housing with a recess in the central part, two lateral support elements, an eye on the upper surface of the housing, a lateral tide under the left part of the housing in the form of a rotation surface, coaxial with the tide of the coupling and the lower barrel, in which a cam groove is made, interacting with a pin on the tide of the coupling , hydraulic actuators were used as guiding, clutch and barrel position drives.

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